Ibn Ājurrūm ( ar, إبن أَجُرُوم;

Berber Berber or Berbers may refer to: Ethnic group * Berbers, an ethnic group native to Northern Africa * Berber languages, a family of Afro-Asiatic languages Places * Berber, Sudan, a town on the Nile People with the surname * Ady Berber (1913–19 ...

: Ageṛṛom or Agerrum) and his full name: Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad ibn Dāwūd al-Ṣanhādjī ( ar, أبو عبد اللہ محمد بن داوود الصنهاجي). (1273–1323) was a Moroccan

grammar In linguistics, the grammar of a natural language is its set of structural constraints on speakers' or writers' composition of clauses, phrases, and words. The term can also refer to the study of such constraints, a field that includes doma ...

ian and

Islamic Islam (; ar, ۘالِإسلَام, , ) is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centred primarily around the Quran, a religious text considered by Muslims to be the direct word of God (or '' Allah'') as it was revealed to Muhammad, the ma ...

Scholar and master of Quranic Recitation famous for an Arabic synoptic grammar.

Biography

Ibn Adjurrum was born at Fez in 1273-4. He was of

origin from the

sanhaja The Sanhaja ( ber, Aẓnag, pl. Iẓnagen, and also Aẓnaj, pl. Iẓnajen; ar, صنهاجة, ''Ṣanhaja'' or زناگة ''Znaga'') were once one of the largest Berber tribal confederations, along with the Zanata and Masmuda confederations. Man ...

Berber tribe. His relatives were from the neighborhood of Ṣafrū. "Ādjurrūm" is a

word meaning "religious man" and "poor ṣūfī" (ascetic, Shilḥa: agurram). His grandfather, Dāwūd, is said to have been the first to bear the name. He died on Sunday March 1, 1323. He was buried the next day within the town in ''Adwat Al-Andalus'', the Andalusi quarter near Bāb al-Hamra, also known as Bāb al-Jīzyin.

Al-Ājurrūmīyya

A text entitled ''Muqaddima'' () "Prolegomena" bears the author's name. In full, ''Al-Muqadimma al-Adjurrumiya fi Mabadi Ilm al-Arabiya,'' or '' Matn Al-Ajrumiyyah'' (), commonly abbreviated to '' Al-Ājurrūmīyya''. This short treatise of a few pages, sets out the system of the

ʾiʿrab (, ) is an Arabic term for the system of nominal, adjectival, or verbal suffixes of Classical Arabic to mark grammatical case. These suffixes are written in fully vocalized Arabic texts, notably the '' '' or texts written for children or Arabic ...

() (grammatical desinential inflection). The Muḳaddima summarizes the complex rules of Arabic syntax into a concise, clear and intelligible format, that is easy to memorize. For its brevity and utility it has maintained a wide popularity among Arabic language teachers and students across

Arabophone Arabic (, ' ; , ' or ) is a Semitic language spoken primarily across the Arab world.Semitic languages: an international handbook / edited by Stefan Weninger; in collaboration with Geoffrey Khan, Michael P. Streck, Janet C. E.Watson; Walter ...

countries and over 60 commentaries by later grammarians have been produced. Known in Europe from the 16th century, the ''Muqaddima'' was one of the first treatises available to European

Arabist An Arabist is someone, often but not always from outside the Arab world, who specialises in the study of the Arabic language and culture (usually including Arabic literature). Origins Arabists began in medieval Muslim Spain, which lay on th ...

s for the study of the Arabic grammatical system. Translations have been regularly and widely published in most European languages. It was published in twelve different European versions and editions. A Latin translation of Ibn Adjurrum's Arabic grammar was made by the Italian Franciscan friar, Thomas Obicini of Novara, who had lived for a time as an abbot in

Aleppo )), is an adjective which means "white-colored mixed with black". , motto = , image_map = , mapsize = , map_caption = , image_map1 = ...

, and published in Italy in 1621 with the title ''Grammatica Arabica.''

Al-Suyuti Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti ( ar, جلال الدين السيوطي, Jalāl al-Dīn al-Suyūṭī) ( 1445–1505 CE),; ( Brill 2nd) or Al-Suyuti, was an Arab Egyptian polymath, Islamic scholar, historian, Sufi, and jurist. From a family of Persian ...

(Bughya, 102) places ibn Ājurrūm stylistically in the Kūfah School of grammar, based on his use of the

genitive In grammar, the genitive case ( abbreviated ) is the grammatical case that marks a word, usually a noun, as modifying another word, also usually a noun—thus indicating an attributive relationship of one noun to the other noun. A genitive can a ...

term "khafḍ," (), the desinentially inflective imperative "muʿrab" (), and the "kayfamā" () particle () "ḥarf", to govern the apocopate form "jazm" ().

References

Bibliography

* Brockelmann, II, 308-10, S II, 332-5 * M. al-Mak̲h̲zūmī, Madrasat al-Kūfa, Bag̲h̲dād 1955, 117 * G. Troupeau, Trois traductions latines de la Muqaddima d'Ibn Ād̲j̲urrūm, in Études d'Orientalisme dédiées à la mémoire de Lévi-Proçal, i, Paris 1962, 359-65.

External links

* Ajurumiyyah eboo

* Ajurumiyyah char

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ibn Adjurrum, Mohammed 1273 births 1323 deaths 13th-century Berber people 14th-century Berber people 13th-century Moroccan people 14th-century Moroccan people Berber grammarians Berber Moroccans Berber writers Grammarians of Arabic Medieval grammarians of Arabic Linguists from Morocco Moroccan Sufi writers People from Fez, Morocco Sanhaja