__NOTOC__
The Intrepid RM-1 (also known as the Intrepid GTP or Chevrolet Intrepid) is a
sports prototype
A sports prototype, sometimes referred to as simply a prototype, is a type of race car that is used in the highest-level categories of sports car racing. These purpose-built racing cars, unlike street-legal and production-based racing cars, are ...
racing car designed in 1991 by Bob and Bill Riley and built by
Pratt & Miller
Pratt Miller Engineering, also known as Pratt & Miller, is an American company involved in the automotive and arms industries. It was founded by Gary Pratt and Jim Miller in 1989. A defense division was added in 2013 and the company was acqu ...
to
IMSA GTP
IMSA GT was a sports car racing series organized by International Motor Sports Association. Races took place primarily in the United States, and occasionally in Canada.
History
The series was founded in 1969 by John and Peggy Bishop, and Bill F ...
specifications.Martin, J.A. & Fuller, M.J. (2008). ''Inside IMSA's Legendary GTP Race Cars: The Prototype Experience''.
Motorbooks
The Quarto Group is a global illustrated book publishing group founded in 1976. It is domiciled in the United States and listed on the London Stock Exchange.
Quarto creates and sells illustrated books for adults and children, across 50 countri ...
. pp. 221–231. Powered by a Chevrolet V8 engine, it was campaigned variously by Jim Miller,
Prototype Technology Group
A prototype is an early sample, model, or release of a product built to test a concept or process. It is a term used in a variety of contexts, including semantics, design, electronics, and software programming. A prototype is generally used ...
and
Wayne Taylor
Wayne Taylor (born 15 July 1956) is a South African sports car racing, sports car racing driver and team owner. He won the 1996 and 2005 24 Hours of Daytona, and the 2005 Grand-Am Rolex Sports Car Series Daytona Prototype drivers' championship. ...
in the
IMSA Camel GT
IMSA GT was a sports car racing series organized by International Motor Sports Association. Races took place primarily in the United States, and occasionally in Canada.
History
The series was founded in 1969 by John and Peggy Bishop, and Bill F ...
from 1991 through 1993. Though it won only one race in its three seasons of competition, the shovel-nosed Intrepid was notable for the extreme—and at one point, disastrous—levels of downforce it generated, giving it the highest cornering speeds of any prototype of its era. The car's development was set back by a devastating 1991 crash at Watkins Glen that critically injured driver
Tommy Kendall
Tommy Kendall (born October 17, 1966) is an American race car driver and television broadcaster. He is best known for his IMSA GT Championship and SCCA Trans-Am Series career.
Racing career
Son of race driver Charles Kendall, Kendall began h ...
, and the program never fully recovered.
Design and development
Jim Miller originally hired Bob Riley and his son, Bill, in 1990 to design improvements to his
Spice Engineering
Spice Engineering was a British racing team founded by driver Gordon Spice with Raymond Bellm in the early 1980s, later becoming a successful sports car constructor in 1986. They competed in the World Sportscar Championship in Europe as well as ...
-built GTP car. However, Miller was unsatisfied with campaigning customer prototypes—"If you're going to be competitive you had to have a unique car," Miller said. Bob had earlier developed conceptual plans for a high-downforce, rear-engined GTP car as a follow-on to his mid-1980s Ford Mustang GTP design, and Miller agreed to fund the design and construction of what became known as the Intrepid RM-1. The chassis was constructed by Pratt & Miller, an engineering firm formed by a partnership between Miller and Gary Pratt.Phillips, John (June 2003) "The Sphinx of New Hudson" ''
Car & Driver
''Car and Driver'' (''CD'' or ''C/D'') is an American automotive enthusiast magazine. In 2006 its total circulation was 1.23 million. It is owned by Hearst Magazines, who purchased prior owner Hachette Filipacchi Media U.S. in 2011. It was f ...
'' Retrieved 2013-06-09.
In designing the Intrepid, Bob Riley considered developing maximum
downforce
Downforce is a downwards lift force created by the aerodynamic features of a vehicle. If the vehicle is a car, the purpose of downforce is to allow the car to travel faster by increasing the vertical force on the tires, thus creating more grip ...
as the primary goal rather than minimizing aerodynamic drag, which meant sacrificing the car's top speed in favor of increasing its cornering speed. He viewed this tradeoff as a favorable one given the relatively slow and twisting nature of most American
road course
Road racing is a form of motorsport racing held on a paved road surface. The races can be held either on a closed circuit or on a street circuit utilizing temporarily closed public roads. Originally, road races were held almost entirely on publ ...
s compared to European circuits. Other teams viewed this effort skeptically, as traditionally drag is viewed as the enemy of a racing car designer. As a result, Pratt recalled, "The Intrepid had quite a bit of a different look than anybody else out there." Also unlike other IMSA GTP designs, the Intrepid was never intended to be suitable for endurance races such as the
24 Hours of Daytona
The 24 Hours of Daytona, also known as the Rolex 24 At Daytona for sponsorship reasons, is a 24-hour sports car endurance race held annually at Daytona International Speedway in Daytona Beach, Florida. It is run on the Sports Car Course layou ...
or
12 Hours of Sebring
The 12 Hours of Sebring is an annual motorsport endurance race for sports cars held at Sebring International Raceway, on the site of the former Hendricks Army Airfield World War II air base in Sebring, Florida, US. The event is the second ro ...
. This was an intentional decision by Riley to sacrifice durability and longevity in favor of outright speed—as a result, in its three seasons of competition, the Intrepid was never entered in a 24-hour race and only once was entered in the 12 Hours of Sebring, in 1992.International Motor Sports Association 1992 Results . World Sports Racing Prototypes
Miller originally planned on powering the Intrepid with a 1,000-horsepower
Judd GV10
Judd is a brand of racing car engines built by Engine Developments Ltd., a company founded in 1971 by John Judd and Jack Brabham in Rugby, Warwickshire, England. Engine Developments was intended to build engines for Brabham's racing efforts, ...
; however, Chevrolet became interested in participating in the project and offered an 800-horsepower Katech-built
small-block V8
In an internal combustion engine, the engine block is the structure which contains the cylinders and other components. In an early automotive engine, the engine block consisted of just the cylinder block, to which a separate crankcase was attach ...
. Though this left the Intrepid underpowered relative to its original design parameters, it also allowed the car to run at a lighter weight as part of an equalization formula. This rules break, combined with financial support and factory backing offered by GM, led Miller to accept Chevrolet's proposal.
Racing history
1991
The Intrepid RM-1 made its racing debut on the streets of
West Palm Beach
West or Occident is one of the four cardinal directions or points of the compass. It is the opposite direction from east and is the direction in which the Sun sets on the Earth.
Etymology
The word "west" is a Germanic word passed into some ...
, in the Toyota Camel Grand Prix of Palm Beach. The debut was auspicious, as
Wayne Taylor
Wayne Taylor (born 15 July 1956) is a South African sports car racing, sports car racing driver and team owner. He won the 1996 and 2005 24 Hours of Daytona, and the 2005 Grand-Am Rolex Sports Car Series Daytona Prototype drivers' championship. ...
gridded the car in sixth and worked his way through the field to a second-place finish, just behind the Jaguar of Davy Jones and ahead of defending series champion
Geoff Brabham
__NOTOC__
Geoff Brabham (born 20 March 1952) is an Australian racing driver. Brabham spent the majority of his racing career in the United States.
Racing career
CART
He raced successfully in CART early in his career, finishing 8th in 1982, 19 ...
's all-conquering
Nissan NPT-90
The Nissan NPT-90 was a racing car developed in 1990 for Nissan Motors by Nissan Performance Technology Incorporated (NPTI), formerly known as Electramotive Engineering. It was a replacement for the highly successful GTP ZX-Turbo that had won the ...
.1991 Toyota Camel Grand Prix of Palm Beach race results RacingSportsCars.com After tests at
Sebring International Raceway
Sebring International Raceway is a road course auto racing facility in the southeastern United States, located near Sebring, Florida.
Sebring Raceway is one of the oldest continuously operating race tracks in the U.S., its first race being run ...
revealed the Intrepid's undoubted superiority to the Spice, construction of a second car was green-lighted. Fitted with new aerodynamic wheel covers developed after the testing, Taylor captured the Intrepid's first pole position at the Miami Grand Prix. At
Heartland Park Topeka
Heartland Motorsports Park, formerly known as Heartland Park Topeka, is a multi-purpose motorsports facility south of downtown Topeka, Kansas near the Topeka Regional Airport.
When it opened in 1989, Heartland Motorsports Park was the first new ...
, Taylor set the fastest race lap and finished fourth. Midway through the season, at
Lime Rock Park
Lime Rock Park is a natural-terrain motorsport road racing venue located in Lakeville, Connecticut, United States, a hamlet in the town of Salisbury, in the state's northwest corner. Built in 1956, it is the nation's third oldest continuously o ...
, the second Intrepid chassis was completed and Tommy Kendall very nearly swept the entire weekend with it—he took the pole, set fastest lap and was well on his way to victory before making contact with Taylor while lapping him, sending both cars spinning off track and ruining the afternoon.
In the span of a fortnight in June, the Intrepid was to experience both its pinnacle of success and its most disastrous failure. On the rough, rain-soaked streets of
Watkins Glen International
Watkins Glen International, nicknamed "The Glen", is an automobile race track located in the town of Dix just southwest of the village of Watkins Glen, New York, at the southern tip of Seneca Lake. It was long known around the world as the hom ...
, where long straightaways are coupled with smooth, flowing corners to make for one of the fastest road courses in North America.Track History ,
Watkins Glen International
Watkins Glen International, nicknamed "The Glen", is an automobile race track located in the town of Dix just southwest of the village of Watkins Glen, New York, at the southern tip of Seneca Lake. It was long known around the world as the hom ...
ESPN.com
ESPN.com is the official website of ESPN. It is owned by ESPN Internet Ventures, a division of ESPN Inc.
History
Since launching in April 1995 as ESPNET.SportsZone.com (ESPNET SportsZone), the website has developed numerous sections including: ...
''. Retrieved 2013-06-09. Here, the Intrepid's design showed off its contradictions. On the straights, its massive drag left the Intrepid as much as slower than its GTP competitors—but its equally massive downforce meant that the Intrepid fairly flew through the turns with superior handling. In qualifying, Tommy Kendall continued the Intrepid's streak of strong performances with an outside pole. But the Intrepid's incredible downforce would prove to be its downfall.
Halfway through the 500-kilometer event, Kendall was battling with Brabham in Turn 5 when the #65 Intrepid's left rear wheel flew off. The car pitched into a lurid, uncontrollable spin and slammed into the guardrail head-on at , tearing the front end of the chassis apart. Kendall suffered massive trauma to his lower extremities, shattering both ankles and breaking his right leg in two places.Glick, Shav (November 6, 1993) "Kendall Has Made It Back From Watkins Glen Wreck" ''
Los Angeles Times
The ''Los Angeles Times'' (abbreviated as ''LA Times'') is a daily newspaper that started publishing in Los Angeles in 1881. Based in the LA-adjacent suburb of El Segundo since 2018, it is the sixth-largest newspaper by circulation in the ...
The New York Times
''The New York Times'' (''the Times'', ''NYT'', or the Gray Lady) is a daily newspaper based in New York City with a worldwide readership reported in 2020 to comprise a declining 840,000 paid print subscribers, and a growing 6 million paid ...
''. Retrieved 2013-06-09.Lerner, Preston (February 2013) "Back in the Saddle" ''
Automobile Magazine
''Automobile'' was an American automobile magazine published by the Motor Trend Group. A group of former employees of '' Car and Driver'' led by David E. Davis founded ''Automobile'' in 1986 with support from Rupert Murdoch's News Corporatio ...
''. Retrieved 2013-06-09. "I looked at my legs and puked," Kendall remembered later.Williams, D.C. (December 15, 2010) "The Wall Comes Tumbling Down" ''ColdPit''. Retrieved 2013-06-09. A post-accident investigation and
failure analysis Failure analysis is the process of collecting and analyzing data to determine the cause of a failure, often with the goal of determining corrective actions or liability.
According to Bloch and Geitner, ”machinery failures reveal a reaction chain o ...
revealed that the Intrepid's left rear
upright
Body relative directions (also known as egocentric coordinates) are geometrical orientations relative to a body such as a human person's.
The most common ones are: left and right; forward(s) and backward(s); up and down.
They form three pairs ...
had collapsed under the stress of the car's nearly 10,000 pounds of downforce, tearing the wheel loose and sending the Intrepid hopelessly out of control. The part was immediately redesigned and never again failed under racing conditions, but the accident sidelined the team's hot young driver for the rest of the season and dissuaded potential buyers who would have funded further development. Gary Pratt recalled "There was a lot of interest being generated, and then that big crash at Watkins Glen. That really hurt. The car was looking good, the thing to have. (The crash) took the wind right out of our sails."
1992
Chevrolet reduced its support of Jim Miller's team for 1992, cutting the squad to a one-car effort for Kendall. Two cars were purchased by Tom Milner's Prototype Technology Group, but a rules-mandated switch from carbon to steel brakes—for which the car had not been designed—and a lack of development funding meant that between the teams, the Intrepid was able to post just three podium finishes during the season. "It was a disaster of a year, a total disaster," Taylor remembered.
1993
The final year for the Intrepid was also the final year for the IMSA GTP category, and by 1993 the chassis was showing its age. Wayne Taylor was the lone Intrepid entrant, and he only entered the season's nine sprint races. But even with the GTP grids thoroughly depleted by Toyota's dominance in the previous season,Zimmerman, J. (2007). ''Dan Gurney's Eagle Racing Cars: The Technical History of the Machines Designed and Built by All American Racers''. David Bull Publishing. pp. 180–181. success would prove elusive. A fifth-place finish at Miami in Taylor's first race of the season seemed to portend a reasonable chance of victory. The rest of the year brought nothing but disappointment, however, as the Intrepid team suffered a slew of mechanical maladies and Taylor was running at the finish in just three of the final eight races, never placing higher than eighth. The season seemed to be summed up at Road America, where
All American Racers
All American Racers is an American auto racing team and constructor based in Santa Ana, California. Founded by Dan Gurney and Carroll Shelby in 1964, All American Racers initially participated in American sports car and Champ Car races as well as ...
and the juggernaut Eagle MkIIIs did not enter. Taylor qualified on the outside pole and ran a strong second for the first half of the race, challenging the lead
Porsche 962
The Porsche 962 (also known as the 962C in its Group C form) is a sports-prototype racing car built by Porsche as a replacement for the 956 and designed mainly to comply with IMSA's GTP regulations, although it would later compete in the Eur ...
for 30 laps—until the engine let go, ending what was perhaps the Intrepid's last, best chance for another IMSA GTP victory.International Motor Sports Association 1993 Results . World Sports Racing Prototypes
Legacy
While the Intrepid RM-1's brief career was marked by unfulfilled promise, the car's design principles would live to fight—and win—another day. The father-and-son Riley design team founded
Riley & Scott
Riley & Scott Cars Inc. was an American racing constructor and racing team that primarily provided chassis for various forms of motorsport, but worked primarily in sports car racing. It was founded in 1990 by Bob Riley and Mark Scott.
History
Sp ...
in 1993, where they developed the
Riley & Scott Mk III
The Riley & Scott Mark III (Mk III) was a sports prototype auto racing car developed by Bob Riley, Bill Riley, and Mark Scott of Riley & Scott Cars Inc. Initially designed in 1993, the car was created for the World Sports Car (WSC) category whi ...
, one of the most successful and longest-lived designs of the
World Sports Car
A Le Mans Prototype (LMP) is the type of sports prototype race car used in the 24 Hours of Le Mans, FIA World Endurance Championship, IMSA SportsCar Championship, European Le Mans Series and Asian Le Mans Series. Le Mans Prototypes were create ...
era. A decade later, Bill Riley designed the equally successful
Riley MkXI
The Riley MkXI, and its evolutions and deriatives, the Riley MkXX, the Riley MkXXII, and the Riley MkXXVI, are a series of Daytona Prototype race cars, designed, developed and built by Riley Technologies
Riley Technologies LLC is an American aut ...
Daytona Prototype
A Daytona Prototype is a type of sports prototype racing car developed specifically for the Grand American Road Racing Association's Rolex Sports Car Series as their top class of car, which replaced their main prototype racing class, specificall ...
. Both prototypes bear a family resemblance to the Intrepid, particularly in their shared shovel-nose design.
Bob Varsha
Robert August "Bob" Varsha (born April 21, 1951) is an American broadcast journalist who specializes in covering motorsports. He is best known for being the lap-by-lap commentator for Formula 1 and CART series races for ESPN, ABC Sports, and Spe ...
ESPN
ESPN (originally an initialism for Entertainment and Sports Programming Network) is an American international basic cable sports channel owned by ESPN Inc., owned jointly by The Walt Disney Company (80%) and Hearst Communications (20%). The ...