Instrumentum on:
[Wikipedia]
[Google]
[Amazon]
In
File:Foculum (Serving Tray) with Jars and Implements Etruscan from Chiusi A Tomb Group 550-500 BCE Earthen Bucchero ware.jpg, Clay replica of a serving tray (''foculum'') made for furnishing an
In archaeology
Archaeology or archeology is the study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture. The archaeological record consists of Artifact (archaeology), artifacts, architecture, biofact (archaeology), biofacts or ecofacts, ...
, ''instrumentum domesticum'' (or simply ''instrumentum'') refers to instruments, tools, and other artifacts intended for ordinary and domestic use (as opposed, for instance, to objects with religious, ceremonial, or monumental purposes). It also includes replicas of such objects made to be deposited in graves.Giuseppe Pucci (2001): "Inscribed instrumentum and the ancient economy"; . Chapter 6 of ''Ancient History From Inscriptions: Ancient History From Inscriptions'', edited by John Bodel. Routledge; 272 pages Robin George Collingwood (1995): ''The Roman Inscriptions of Britain: Instrumentum domesticum (Personal belongings and the like). Graffiti on coarse pottery cut before and after firing, Stamp on coarse pottery, Addenda and corrigenda to fascicules 1-8 (RIB 2502-2505)'', Volume 2, Part 8. Published by Administrators of the Haverfield Bequest; 165 pages. (2019) " ''instrumentum domesticum''", article in the Italian Wikipedia. Accessed on 2019-04-26 The name is Latin
Latin ( or ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic languages, Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally spoken by the Latins (Italic tribe), Latins in Latium (now known as Lazio), the lower Tiber area aroun ...
for "domestic instruments", a term originally defined by Roman Law.
In epigraphy
Epigraphy () is the study of inscriptions, or epigraphs, as writing; it is the science of identifying graphemes, clarifying their meanings, classifying their uses according to dates and cultural contexts, and drawing conclusions about the wr ...
and paleography
Palaeography (American and British English spelling differences#ae and oe, UK) or paleography (American and British English spelling differences#ae and oe, US) (ultimately from , , 'old', and , , 'to write') is the study and academic disciplin ...
, the term refers to inscriptions that were written on such objects at or near the time of their use. In this sense, it also includes inscriptions in oracular
An oracle is a person or thing considered to provide insight, wise counsel or prophetic predictions, most notably including precognition of the future, inspired by deities. If done through occultic means, it is a form of divination.
Descript ...
objects (like the '' sortes'' of the Romans
Roman or Romans most often refers to:
*Rome, the capital city of Italy
*Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD
*Roman people, the people of Roman civilization
*Epistle to the Romans, shortened to Romans, a letter w ...
), talisman
A talisman is any object ascribed with religious or magical powers intended to protect, heal, or harm individuals for whom they are made. Talismans are often portable objects carried on someone in a variety of ways, but can also be installed perm ...
s, and personal spells (like the Roman and Greek curse tablet
A curse tablet (; ) is a small tablet with a curse written on it from the Greco-Roman world. Its name originated from the Greek and Latin words for "pierce" and "bind". The tablets were used to ask the gods, place spirits, or the deceased to perfo ...
s). It does not however include objects whose function was to carry text, such as writing tablets and books.
Gallery
Etruscan __NOTOC__
Etruscan may refer to:
Ancient civilization
*Etruscan civilization (1st millennium BC) and related things:
**Etruscan language
** Etruscan architecture
**Etruscan art
**Etruscan cities
**Etruscan coins
**Etruscan history
**Etruscan myt ...
grave. The original tray and utensils may have been made of wood, metal, or other materials. Chiusi
Chiusi ( Etruscan: ''Clevsin''; Umbrian: ''Camars''; Ancient Greek: ''Klysion'', ''Κλύσιον''; Latin: ''Clusium'') is a town and ''comune'' in the province of Siena, Tuscany, Italy.
History
Clusium (''Clevsin or Camars'' in Etruscan) ...
, Tomb A Group, 550-500 BCE.
File:Fragment of a terracotta neck-amphora (jar) MET DP21771.jpg, Fragment of a Tyrrhenia
Etruria ( ) was a region of Central Italy delimited by the rivers Arno and Tiber, an area that covered what is now most of Tuscany, northern Lazio, and north-western Umbria. It was inhabited by the Etruscans, an ancient civilization that flouris ...
n amphora
An amphora (; ; English ) is a type of container with a pointed bottom and characteristic shape and size which fit tightly (and therefore safely) against each other in storage rooms and packages, tied together with rope and delivered by land ...
depicting the fight between Herakles
Heracles ( ; ), born Alcaeus (, ''Alkaios'') or Alcides (, ''Alkeidēs''), was a divine hero in Greek mythology, the son of ZeusApollodorus1.9.16/ref> and Alcmene, and the foster son of Amphitryon.By his adoptive descent through Amphitr ...
(Hercules), wearing a lion skin, and the Amazon
Amazon most often refers to:
* Amazon River, in South America
* Amazon rainforest, a rainforest covering most of the Amazon basin
* Amazon (company), an American multinational technology company
* Amazons, a tribe of female warriors in Greek myth ...
warrior Andromache (whose name is written in Greek from right to left). 575-560 BCE.
File:Chocolate cup depicting a mythic scene, Maya, El Zotz or vicinity, Guatemala, 650-800 AD, ceramic, polychrome slip - Princeton University Art Museum - DSC07151.jpg, Maya
Maya may refer to:
Ethnic groups
* Maya peoples, of southern Mexico and northern Central America
** Maya civilization, the historical civilization of the Maya peoples
** Mayan languages, the languages of the Maya peoples
* Maya (East Africa), a p ...
chocolate cup with mythological scene and Mayan glyphs. El Zotz region, Guatemala
Guatemala, officially the Republic of Guatemala, is a country in Central America. It is bordered to the north and west by Mexico, to the northeast by Belize, to the east by Honduras, and to the southeast by El Salvador. It is hydrologically b ...
, 650-800 CE.
File:Romano-Celtic mirror (Desborough).jpg, The Desborough Mirror
The Desborough Mirror is an intricately decorated English bronze mirror dated to . It consists of a Metal casting, cast handle and a circular mirror plate which is highly polished on its front side to achieve reflectivity. The plate's reverse is ...
, Romano-Celt
The Celts ( , see Names of the Celts#Pronunciation, pronunciation for different usages) or Celtic peoples ( ) were a collection of Indo-European languages, Indo-European peoples. "The Celts, an ancient Indo-European people, reached the apoge ...
ic culture, found a in England
England is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. It is located on the island of Great Britain, of which it covers about 62%, and List of islands of England, more than 100 smaller adjacent islands. It ...
. 50 BCE - 50 CE.
References
{{archaeology-stub Archaeology