The Indian Institute of Horticultural Research (IIHR) is an autonomous organization acting as a nodal agency for basic, strategic, anticipatory and applied research on various aspects of

horticulture Horticulture (from ) is the art and science of growing fruits, vegetables, flowers, trees, shrubs and ornamental plants. Horticulture is commonly associated with the more professional and technical aspects of plant cultivation on a smaller and mo ...

such as fruits, vegetable, ornamental, medicinal and aromatic plants and mushrooms in India.Indian Institute of Horticultural Research – Ivarakandapura
/ref> The institute has its headquarters in

Bengaluru Bengaluru, also known as Bangalore (List of renamed places in India#Karnataka, its official name until 1 November 2014), is the Capital city, capital and largest city of the southern States and union territories of India, Indian state of Kar ...

Karnataka Karnataka ( ) is a States and union territories of India, state in the southwestern region of India. It was Unification of Karnataka, formed as Mysore State on 1 November 1956, with the passage of the States Reorganisation Act, 1956, States Re ...

, India and is a subsidiary of

Indian Council of Agricultural Research The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) is an autonomous body responsible for co-ordinating agricultural education and research in India. It reports to the Department of Agricultural Research and Education, Ministry of Agriculture. Th ...

(ICAR),

New Delhi New Delhi (; ) is the Capital city, capital of India and a part of the Delhi, National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT). New Delhi is the seat of all three branches of the Government of India, hosting the Rashtrapati Bhavan, New Parliament ...

, under the

Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare The Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare ( ), formerly the Ministry of Agriculture, is a branch of the Government of India and the apex body for formulation and administration of the rules and regulations and laws related to agriculture ...

. It recently has been ranked 1st for the combined years 2019-20 and 2020–21 by the ICAR.

History

The IIHR, the first horticultural research institute in the country under the

(ICAR), was established on 5 September 1967 at New Delhi. Later, the base of IIHR was moved to Hesaraghatta located from

Bangalore Bengaluru, also known as Bangalore (List of renamed places in India#Karnataka, its official name until 1 November 2014), is the Capital city, capital and largest city of the southern States and union territories of India, Indian state of Kar ...

, on 1 February 1968, by merging the institute with National Horatorium of Govt. of Karnataka which was the premises of the Fruit Research Station, Hesaraghatta established in 1938 by HC Javaraya. The institute is spread over a land area of 263 hectares. Dr. Gurubachan Singh Randhawa was the first founding director of the institute from 1967 to 1980.

Mandate

The institute is mandated to : # Undertake basic and applied research for developing strategies to enhance productivity and utilization of tropical and sub-tropical horticulture crops viz., fruits, vegetables, ornamentals, medicinal and aromatic plants and mushrooms. # Serve as a repository of scientific information relevant to horticulture. # Act as a centre for training for up gradation of scientific manpower in modern technologies for horticulture production. # Collaborate with national and international agencies in achieving the above objectives.

Service profile - Agriculture Technology Information Center

The institute offers various services, consolidated under the umbrella of the Agriculture Technology Information Center (ATIC). Farmers’ Advisory services : The service envisages identification of farmers' problems, analysis and advising suitable corrective measures. Diagnostics : Diagnosis of diseases of various horticultural crops and advice on their control and management. Supply of Video Films : Distribution of video films to the farmers and organizations for updating knowledge on modern technologies. Supply of Publications : The institute has published many illustrated leaflets and bulletins for dissemination of crop information to the farmers. The publications are made in English,

Hindi Modern Standard Hindi (, ), commonly referred to as Hindi, is the Standard language, standardised variety of the Hindustani language written in the Devanagari script. It is an official language of India, official language of the Government ...

Kannada Kannada () is a Dravidian language spoken predominantly in the state of Karnataka in southwestern India, and spoken by a minority of the population in all neighbouring states. It has 44 million native speakers, and is additionally a ...

Tamil Tamil may refer to: People, culture and language * Tamils, an ethno-linguistic group native to India, Sri Lanka, and some other parts of Asia **Sri Lankan Tamils, Tamil people native to Sri Lanka ** Myanmar or Burmese Tamils, Tamil people of Ind ...

Malayalam Malayalam (; , ) is a Dravidian languages, Dravidian language spoken in the Indian state of Kerala and the union territories of Lakshadweep and Puducherry (union territory), Puducherry (Mahé district) by the Malayali people. It is one of ...

and

Telugu Telugu may refer to: * Telugu language, a major Dravidian language of South India ** Telugu literature, is the body of works written in the Telugu language. * Telugu people, an ethno-linguistic group of India * Telugu script, used to write the Tel ...

. Supply of Computer floppies and print outs : The institute has also made information available on floppy disks and as print-outs. Plants-display

Supply of seeds: Supply of seeds in packets are also undertaken by the institute.

Divisions

Fruit Crops

File:Mangues.JPG, File:Abhar-iran.JPG, File:Guava bangalore.jpg, File:Papaya.jpg, File:Pomegranate fruit.jpg, File:Sugar apple with cross section.jpg, File:Ambersweet oranges.jpg, The division deals with improvement of production technology of

mango A mango is an edible stone fruit produced by the tropical tree '' Mangifera indica''. It originated from the region between northwestern Myanmar, Bangladesh, and northeastern India. ''M. indica'' has been cultivated in South and Southeast As ...

grapes A grape is a fruit, botanically a berry, of the deciduous woody vines of the flowering plant genus ''Vitis''. Grapes are a non- climacteric type of fruit, generally occurring in clusters. The cultivation of grapes began approximately 8,0 ...

pineapple The pineapple (''Ananas comosus'') is a Tropical vegetation, tropical plant with an edible fruit; it is the most economically significant plant in the family Bromeliaceae. The pineapple is indigenous to South America, where it has been culti ...

guava Guava ( ), also known as the 'guava-pear', is a common tropical fruit cultivated in many tropical and subtropical regions. The common guava '' Psidium guajava'' (lemon guava, apple guava) is a small tree in the myrtle family (Myrtaceae), nativ ...

papaya The papaya (, ), papaw, () or pawpaw () is the plant species ''Carica papaya'', one of the 21 accepted species in the genus '' Carica'' of the family Caricaceae, and also the name of its fruit. It was first domesticated in Mesoamerica, within ...

pomegranate The pomegranate (''Punica granatum'') is a fruit-bearing deciduous shrub in the family Lythraceae, subfamily Punica, Punicoideae, that grows between tall. Rich in symbolic and mythological associations in many cultures, it is thought to have o ...

ber BER may refer to: Science and technology Biology and medicine * Basal electrical rhythm, spontaneous rhythmic slow action potentials that some smooth muscles of the GI tract display * Base excision repair, a DNA repair pathway * Benign early repola ...

annona ''Annona'' or Anona (from Taíno ''annon'') is a genus of flowering plants in the pawpaw/ sugar apple family, Annonaceae. It is the second largest genus in the family after '' Guatteria'', containing approximately 166

and

citrus ''Citrus'' is a genus of flowering trees and shrubs in the family Rutaceae. Plants in the genus produce citrus fruits, including important crops such as oranges, mandarins, lemons, grapefruits, pomelos, and limes. ''Citrus'' is nativ ...

. Mandate * Carry out basic and strategic research, for enhancing productivity, quality and utility of fruit crops in tropical agro-climatic zones of India. * Act as Repository of fruit

genetic resources Genetic resources are genetic material of actual or potential value, where genetic material means any material of plant, animal, microbial genetics, microbial or other origin containing functional units of heredity. Genetic resources is one of the ...

and their management. * Transfer of technologies and study their impact. * Conduct teaching and training programs for development of human resources. * Use ICT in scientific information and knowledge.

Vegetable Crops

The vegetable Crops division carries out research, developing high yielding

vegetable Vegetables are edible parts of plants that are consumed by humans or other animals as food. This original meaning is still commonly used, and is applied to plants collectively to refer to all edible plant matter, including edible flower, flo ...

varieties / hybrids through crop improvement programmes with an emphasis on minimizing the cost. The division has five breeding laboratories and a production technology laboratory. Mandate * Breeding for high yield, resistance to biotic and

abiotic In biology and ecology, abiotic components or abiotic factors are non-living chemical and physical parts of the environment that affect living organisms and the functioning of ecosystems. Abiotic factors and the phenomena associated with them und ...

stresses in vegetable crops * Breeding for improved quality attributes like

extended shelf life Shelf-stable food (sometimes ambient food) is food of a type that can be safely stored at room temperature in a sealed container. This includes foods that would normally be stored refrigerated, but which have been processed so that they can be s ...

, processing and nutritional qualities * Developing improved production technology, including organic farming in vegetable crops and off season vegetable production in open field and in poly house / protected cultivation.

Flower and Medicinal Crops

The focus of the division is on development of new varieties of ornamental crops with a view to enhance export earning. The division also addresses issues like ''Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers Rights''. Mandate * Carrying out basic and strategic research, for enhancing productivity and quality of ornamental crops * To act as a repository of genetic resources in ornamental crops * To undertake front line demonstration in new technologies evolved and to impart training for upgrading scientific knowledge of technical personnel involved in

floriculture Floriculture (from ) is the study of the efficient production of the plants that produce showy, colorful flowers and foliage for human enjoyment in human environments. It is a commercially successful branch of horticulture and agriculture found ...

enterprises

Crop Protection

Phyllody on Coneflower with aster yellows

The

Plant Pathology Plant pathology or phytopathology is the scientific study of plant diseases caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors). Plant pathology involves the study of pathogen identification, disease ...

division attends to basic and applied research for the management of diseases by microorganisms. Fully equipped laboratories are set up to combat the

fungal A fungus (: fungi , , , or ; or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as one of the tradit ...

bacterial Bacteria (; : bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one biological cell. They constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria were among the ...

viral The word ''Viral'' means "relating to viruses" (small infectious agents). It may also refer to: Viral behavior, or virality Memetic behavior likened that of a virus, for example: * Viral marketing, the use of existing social networks to spre ...

viroid Viroids are small single-stranded, circular RNAs that are infectious pathogens. Unlike viruses, they have no protein coating. All known viroids are inhabitants of angiosperms (flowering plants), and most cause diseases, whose respective eco ...

and

phytoplasma Phytoplasmas are obligate intracellular parasites of plant phloem tissue and of the insect vectors that are involved in their plant-to-plant transmission. Phytoplasmas were discovered in 1967 by Japanese scientists who termed them mycoplasma-li ...

diseases of fruit crops, vegetable crops, ornamental and medicinal crops. The division also imparts training to agricultural extension officers and farmers. Mandate * Division of Plant Pathology will continue to maintain the vigil to meet emerging challenges due to rapid crop diversification, increased farming, increased

germplasm Germplasm refers to genetic resources such as seeds, tissues, and DNA sequences that are maintained for the purpose of animal and plant breeding, conservation efforts, agriculture, and other research uses. These resources may take the form of s ...

movement and climate change, which are bringing changes to host-pathogen dynamics leading to emergence and reemergence of plant pathogens in horticultural Crops. * Development of

Diagnostics Diagnosis (: diagnoses) is the identification of the nature and cause of a certain phenomenon. Diagnosis is used in a lot of different disciplines, with variations in the use of logic, analytics, and experience, to determine " cause and effect". ...

and to offer diagnostic services to SAUs, Farmers and Private seed and

Tissue culture Tissue culture is the growth of tissue (biology), tissues or cell (biology), cells in an artificial medium separate from the parent organism. This technique is also called micropropagation. This is typically facilitated via use of a liquid, semi-s ...

industries. Also to severe as a center for quarantine issues and phytosanitary certification. * Continue to provide solutions and research leads to the plant disease problems in horticultural crops, understand disease

epidemiology Epidemiology is the study and analysis of the distribution (who, when, and where), patterns and Risk factor (epidemiology), determinants of health and disease conditions in a defined population, and application of this knowledge to prevent dise ...

and develop durable disease management strategies. * Develop rapid screening methods for identification of resistance sources and to use in breeding for disease resistance. * Continue our collaboration with international and national institutions for data on the distribution of plant diseases and the emergence of new diseases, essential to develop and/or modify existing methods of diagnosis for effective disease management strategies. * To provide training and services to farmers, extension agents, researchers in NARS and students to strengthen the human resource development specially for disease management in horticultural crops. * Agro/

lignocellulosic Lignocellulose refers to plant dry matter (biomass), so called lignocellulosic biomass. It is the most abundantly available raw material on the Earth for the production of biofuels. It is composed of two kinds of carbohydrate polymers, cellulose ...

waste management through the production of edible and medicinal mushrooms. * Utilization of mushrooms for malnutrition management through the production of mushroom

nutraceutical Nutraceutical is a terminology evolved scientifically & also through marketing which is used to imply a pharmaceutical effect from plant extracts, compounds, food products which have efficacy and therapeutic influence on clinical outcomes and patien ...

s. * Enhancing input efficiency of energy, water and manpower in

mushroom A mushroom or toadstool is the fleshy, spore-bearing Sporocarp (fungi), fruiting body of a fungus, typically produced above ground on soil or another food source. ''Toadstool'' generally refers to a poisonous mushroom. The standard for the n ...

production processes through mechanization. * Documentation and conservation of the indigenous macrofungi wealth of the country * Making mushroom production enterprise zero waste enterprise through the utilization of mushroom cultivation process wastes for various beneficial purposes * To provide support through training and quality spawn to entrepreneurs, institutions,

NGOs A non-governmental organization (NGO) is an independent, typically nonprofit organization that operates outside government control, though it may get a significant percentage of its funding from government or corporate sources. NGOs often focus ...

, State departments and KVKs. * To carry out basic and strategic research for the management of pests of Horticultural crops (vegetables, fruits, ornamental, medicinal and aromatic crops). * To Develop Integrated Pest Management packages and Integrated

Nematode The nematodes ( or ; ; ), roundworms or eelworms constitute the phylum Nematoda. Species in the phylum inhabit a broad range of environments. Most species are free-living, feeding on microorganisms, but many are parasitic. Parasitic worms (h ...

Management packages by emphasizing ecofriendly pest management. * To conduct teaching and training programs for development of human resources in

pest management Pest control is the regulation or management of a species defined as a pest; such as any animal, plant or fungus that impacts adversely on human activities or environment. The human response depends on the importance of the damage done and wi ...

. * To develop innovative products and commercialize the same through ITMU and public and private partnership (PPP). TRES18481

Basic Sciences

The Division of

Plant Physiology Plant physiology is a subdiscipline of botany concerned with the functioning, or physiology, of plants. Plant physiologists study fundamental processes of plants, such as photosynthesis, respiration, plant nutrition, plant hormone functions, tr ...

and

Biochemistry Biochemistry, or biological chemistry, is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms. A sub-discipline of both chemistry and biology, biochemistry may be divided into three fields: structural biology, enzymology, a ...

is the arm of IIHR that deal with

tissue culture Tissue culture is the growth of tissue (biology), tissues or cell (biology), cells in an artificial medium separate from the parent organism. This technique is also called micropropagation. This is typically facilitated via use of a liquid, semi-s ...

molecular biology Molecular biology is a branch of biology that seeks to understand the molecule, molecular basis of biological activity in and between Cell (biology), cells, including biomolecule, biomolecular synthesis, modification, mechanisms, and interactio ...

, pesticide residue and food

microbiology Microbiology () is the branches of science, scientific study of microorganisms, those being of unicellular organism, unicellular (single-celled), multicellular organism, multicellular (consisting of complex cells), or non-cellular life, acellula ...

. Mandate * To undertake basic and applied research on physiological and biochemical aspects of horticultural crops with particular reference to physiology of growth, development, yield and quality. * To assess the impact of climate change on crop productivity and quality.

Natural Resources

The division studies the nutrient requirement of horticultural crops and to develop suitable agro techniques for vegetable crops. It houses many laboratories viz.,

Soil Chemistry Soil chemistry is the study of the Chemistry, chemical characteristics of soil. Soil chemistry is affected by mineral composition, organic matter and Environment (biophysical), environmental factors. In the early 1870s a consulting chemist to the R ...

Soil Salinity Soil salinity is the salt (chemistry), salt content in the soil; the process of increasing the salt content is known as salinization (also called salination in American and British English spelling differences, American English). Salts occur nat ...

Micronutrient Micronutrients are essential chemicals required by organisms in small quantities to perform various biogeochemical processes and regulate physiological functions of cells and organs. By enabling these processes, micronutrients support the heal ...

, Leaf Analysis,

Isotope Isotopes are distinct nuclear species (or ''nuclides'') of the same chemical element. They have the same atomic number (number of protons in their Atomic nucleus, nuclei) and position in the periodic table (and hence belong to the same chemica ...

, Water Management,

Soil Microbiology Soil microbiology is the study of microorganisms in soil, their functions, and how they affect soil properties. It is believed that between two and four billion years ago, the first ancient bacteria and microorganisms came about on Earth's oceans. ...

Microbiology Microbiology () is the branches of science, scientific study of microorganisms, those being of unicellular organism, unicellular (single-celled), multicellular organism, multicellular (consisting of complex cells), or non-cellular life, acellula ...

and Pesticide Residue Laboratories. Mandate * Carry out research on the

nutrient A nutrient is a substance used by an organism to survive, grow and reproduce. The requirement for dietary nutrient intake applies to animals, plants, fungi and protists. Nutrients can be incorporated into cells for metabolic purposes or excret ...

requirement and management of different horticultural crops and to develop suitable INM packages for enhancing productivity. * Carry out the basic and strategic research to sustain

soil health Soil health is a state of a soil meeting its range of ecosystem functions as appropriate to its environment. In more colloquial terms, the health of soil arises from favorable interactions of all soil components (living and non-living) that belong ...

in horticultural

ecosystems An ecosystem (or ecological system) is a system formed by Organism, organisms in interaction with their Biophysical environment, environment. The Biotic material, biotic and abiotic components are linked together through nutrient cycles and en ...

. * Development of leaf nutrient diagnostic norms and precision farming protocols for need based nutrient management. * Utilization of microbes for improvement of crop production and residue management * Pesticide residue management in horticultural crops and related environment. * Teaching, training and extension of services for students and farming community.

Social Sciences and Training

E and T division operated as an Advanced Training Center of the Directorate of Extension, Government of India (1997–2003) and was the Trainers Training Center of the Indian Council and Agricultural Research from 1976 to 1997. It looks after the training and extension activities of IIHR. Mandate * To disseminate improved horticultural technologies through use of different extension methodologies. * To provide training to the farmers and horticultural officials in improved horticultural technologies. * To undertake research on socio-economic issues of horticultural farmers. * To conduct studies on gender mainstreaming in horticulture.

Post Harvest Technology and Agricultural Engineering

The division started as the Division of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Microbiology and Postharvest Technology in 1978 which was later renamed as the Division of Postharvest Technology. The research work in the division focusses on handling and storage, processing, microbiology and

cut flowers Cut flowers are flowers and flower buds (often with some Plant stem, stem and leaf) that have been cut from the plant bearing it. It is removed from the plant for decorative use. Cut greens are leaves with or without stems added to the cut flow ...

. Objectives * To carry out basic and applied research on postharvest management and extension of self-life of fruits, vegetables, and ornamental crops. * To develop technologies/processes for value addition, product diversification and waste utilization of fruits, vegetables, and ornamental crops. * To carry out research to ensure microbiological quality and safety in fresh and processed products. * To conduct teaching and training for capacity building of scientific manpower and for development of human resources as well as to serve as repository of scientific information in the areas of postharvest horticulture. * To develop innovative products/processes and commercialize the same through ITMU and Public and Private Partnership (PPP).

Sections

Biotechnology The Division of Biotechnology is now merged with the Division of Basic Sciences, which focusses on research on

Gene In biology, the word gene has two meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity. The molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is transcribed to produce a functional RNA. There are two types of molecular genes: protei ...

discovery, regeneration and

transgenics A genetically modified organism (GMO) is any organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques. The exact definition of a genetically modified organism and what constitutes genetic engineering varies, with ...

, Molecular markers, Marker Assisted Selection, Functional

Genomics Genomics is an interdisciplinary field of molecular biology focusing on the structure, function, evolution, mapping, and editing of genomes. A genome is an organism's complete set of DNA, including all of its genes as well as its hierarchical, ...

Bioinformatics Bioinformatics () is an interdisciplinary field of science that develops methods and Bioinformatics software, software tools for understanding biological data, especially when the data sets are large and complex. Bioinformatics uses biology, ...

and

Endophytic An endophyte is an endosymbiont, often a bacterium or fungus, that lives within a plant for at least part of its life cycle without causing apparent disease. Endophytes are ubiquitous and have been found in all species of plants studied to date; ...

molecular microbiology. Specific areas of work include: * development of molecular markers for

okra Okra (, ), ''Abelmoschus esculentus'', known in some English-speaking countries as lady's fingers, is a flowering plant in the Malvaceae, mallow family native to East Africa. Cultivated in tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate regions aro ...

and markers for root-stock identification in

* development of BT transgenic

brinjal Eggplant ( US, CA, AU, PH), aubergine ( UK, IE, NZ), brinjal ( IN, SG, MY, ZA, SLE), or baigan ( IN, GY) is a plant species in the nightshade family Solanaceae. ''Solanum melongena'' is grown worldwide for its edible fruit, typic ...

and

tomato The tomato (, ), ''Solanum lycopersicum'', is a plant whose fruit is an edible Berry (botany), berry that is eaten as a vegetable. The tomato is a member of the nightshade family that includes tobacco, potato, and chili peppers. It originate ...

* cloning of genes for fungal resistance and transgenic development * development of embryogenic suspension of banana and GM banana for Fusarium wilt resistance * development of GM tomato,

and

watermelon The watermelon (''Citrullus lanatus'') is a species of flowering plant in the family Cucurbitaceae, that has a large, edible fruit. It is a Glossary of botanical terms#scandent, scrambling and trailing vine-like plant, and is plant breeding ...

for virus resistance * development of GM tomato, papaya & watermelon for virus resistance * elucidation of ubiquitous association of endophytic microorganisms in vivo and in vitro * discovery of periplasmic bacteria in

banana A banana is an elongated, edible fruit – botanically a berry – produced by several kinds of large treelike herbaceous flowering plants in the genus '' Musa''. In some countries, cooking bananas are called plantains, distinguishing the ...

Plant Genetic Resources The division is involved in exploration, introduction, exchange, evaluation, characterization and conservation of horticultural

plant growth regulators Plant hormones (or phytohormones) are signal molecules, produced within plants, that occur in extremely low concentrations. Plant hormones control all aspects of plant growth and development, including embryogenesis, the regulation of organ size ...

. IIHR claims to have introduced 22,080 accessions in fruits, vegetables, ornamentals & Medicinal and Aromatic Plant species. It also works on enrichment of germplasm from wild sources through exploration missions. A Pollen Cryobank was established under the division for long term cryogenic preservation of crops which was featured in the

Limca Book of Records The ''Limca Book of Records'' is an annual reference book published in India documenting world records held by Indians. The records are further categorised into education, literature, agriculture, medical science, business, sports, nature, adve ...

in 2001. A Field Gene Bank (FGB) also works under the division and the division supports establishment FGBs for Mango, Guava and Jackfruit crops. Mandate * To act as a regional center for acquisition and management of indigenous and exotic horticultural plant genetic resources (PGR). * To carry out related research and human resource development for

sustainable growth Sustainable development is an approach to growth and human development that aims to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.United Nations General Assembly (1987)''Report of th ...

of horticulture in the country. Seed Science and Technology: to conduct research on seed production and quality aspects of horticultural crops with a mandate: * Seed Production * Seed Quality Testing and Storage * Seed Protection * Seed Physiology Agricultural Engineering: to develop and maintain IIHR farm and to establish workshop for research and development in Farm Machinery with a mandate to: * Development of cultivation and processing machinery for horticultural crops. * Development cultivation machinery for horticultural crops inside greenhouses. * Development suitable greenhouses for cultivation of horticultural crops. * Imparting knowledge and training to the scientists, farmers, students and stake holders for use of horticultural machinery. Medicinal Crops: to undertake research work is on the genetic improvement of commercially important medicinal and aromatic crops and standardization of agro-technology. It holds the mandate to: * Enrichment, documentation and Conservation of diversity in medicinal Crops. * Genetic amelioration for yield and quality. * Organic production technologies. * Photochemical analysis Economics and Statistics: undertakes research work on economic aspects and statistical models. The section is associated in collaborative or co-investigative research at the institute level as well as in external projects. It is also involved in the post graduate collaboration in education and research with

University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore (UAS Bangalore) is located in Bengaluru, India. It was established in 1964 as UAS Bangalore by a legislative act. Origin The British government in India, shaken by several famines in India, set ...

, Dr. Y.S.R. Horticultural University, and University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot. The section has a mandate : * To undertake socio-economic research in horticultural crops. viz., economics of production, marketing and trade. * To develop statistical models for horticultural crop research and computer application in horticultural crops.

Regional stations

Central Horticultural Experiment Stations (CHES)

IIHR operates three CHESs under its wing. Mandarin Oranges (Citrus Reticulata).jpg File:Purple passionfruit.jpg Rambutan white background alt.jpg Citrus grandis - Honey White.jpg File:Avocado Hass - single and halved.jpg CHES

Chettalli Chettalli is a small village near Siddapura, Kodagu in Karnataka state, India. Post office Chettalli has a post office and the pin code is 571248. The telephone code of the village is 08276. CHES, Chettalli Indian Institute of Horticultural Res ...

: The station works on the mandate crop of

mandarin Mandarin or The Mandarin may refer to: Language * Mandarin Chinese, branch of Chinese originally spoken in northern parts of the country ** Standard Chinese or Modern Standard Mandarin, the official language of China ** Taiwanese Mandarin, Stand ...

out of an area of 92 hectares in

Coorg Kodagu district () (also known by its former name Coorg) is an administrative district in the Karnataka state of India. Before 1956, it was an administratively separate Coorg State at which point it was merged into an enlarged Mysore State ...

. The other crops of interest are

and

passion fruit ''Passiflora edulis'', commonly known as passion fruit, is a vine species of passion flower native to the region of southern Brazil through Paraguay to northern Argentina. It is cultivated commercially in tropical and subtropical areas for its ...

and minor fruits like

rambutan Rambutan ( ; ; ''Nephelium lappaceum'') is a medium-sized tropical tree in the family Sapindaceae. The name also refers to the edible fruit produced by this tree. The rambutan is native to Southeast Asia. It is closely related to several other ed ...

, pummelo,

avocado The avocado, alligator pear or avocado pear (''Persea americana'') is an evergreen tree in the laurel family (Lauraceae). It is native to Americas, the Americas and was first domesticated in Mesoamerica more than 5,000 years ago. It was priz ...

mangosteen Mangosteen (''Garcinia mangostana''), also known as the purple mangosteen, is a tropical evergreen tree with edible fruit native to Island Southeast Asia, from the Malay Peninsula to Borneo. It has been cultivated extensively in tropical Asia ...

, karonda, Malayan apple and

Garcinia ''Garcinia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family (biology), family Clusiaceae native to the Sundaland bioregion of Asia, America, Australia, tropical and southern Africa, and Polynesia. The number of species is disputed; Plants of the W ...

. The station is also involved in the floricultural of

rose A rose is either a woody perennial plant, perennial flowering plant of the genus ''Rosa'' (), in the family Rosaceae (), or the flower it bears. There are over three hundred Rose species, species and Garden roses, tens of thousands of cultivar ...

asters ''Aster'' is a genus of perennial flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. Its circumscription has been narrowed, and it now encompasses around 170 species, all but one of which are restricted to Eurasia; many species formerly in ''Aster'' are ...

gladiolus ''Gladiolus'' (from Latin, the diminutive of ''gladius'', a sword) is a genus of perennial cormous flowering plants in the iris family (Iridaceae). It is sometimes called the 'sword lily', but is usually called by its generic name (plural ''g ...

and

orchids Orchids are plants that belong to the family Orchidaceae (), a diverse and widespread group of flowering plants with blooms that are often colourful and fragrant. Orchids are cosmopolitan plants that are found in almost every habitat on Earth ...

. CHES Bhubaneshwar is located at

Bhubaneswar Bhubaneswar () is the capital and the largest city of the States and territories of India, Indian state of Odisha. It is located in the Khordha district. The suburban region, especially the old town, was historically often depicted as ''Chakra ...

Odisha Odisha (), formerly Orissa (List of renamed places in India, the official name until 2011), is a States and union territories of India, state located in East India, Eastern India. It is the List of states and union territories of India by ar ...

and conducts research on applied and strategic aspects of horticultural crops. It also develops sustainable technologies suitable for the farmers of eastern region of the country in general and the state of Odisha in particular. CHES Hirehalli is located at Hirehalli, near

Tumkur Tumkur, officially Tumakuru, is a city and headquarters of Tumakuru district in the Karnataka state of India. Tumkur is known for Siddaganga Matha. Tumkur hosts India's first mega food park, a project of the ministry of food processing. The Ind ...

in Karanataka. Carissa carandas fruits ready for consumption.JPG XanGo Mangosteen Fruit.jpg File:Rose Amber Flush.jpg Gladiolus 7-19-06.JPG Asteraceae - Aster amellus.JPG File:Cattleya photo D Ramey Logan.jpg

Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVK)

There are two KVKs functioning under IIHR. KVK Gonikoppal: This KVK is located at

Virajpet The town of Virajpet also spelled as Virajapete () is township of the district of Kodagu, in India's southern States and union territories of India, State of Karnataka. It is the main town of the ''Virajpet taluka'', south of the district, and b ...

taluk which is 50 km away from

Madikeri Madikeri (), earlier called as Mercara is city and headquarters of Kodagu district in the Karnataka state of India. It is recognised as one of the world's eight "hottest hotspots" of biological diversity and is also a UNESCO World Heritage Site ...

and 92 km away from

Mysore Mysore ( ), officially Mysuru (), is a city in the southern Indian state of Karnataka. It is the headquarters of Mysore district and Mysore division. As the traditional seat of the Wadiyar dynasty, the city functioned as the capital of the ...

. It covers a total area of 17.5 hectares with office, laboratories, library and staff quarters and has demonstrations units like

coffee Coffee is a beverage brewed from roasted, ground coffee beans. Darkly colored, bitter, and slightly acidic, coffee has a stimulating effect on humans, primarily due to its caffeine content, but decaffeinated coffee is also commercially a ...

based cropping system,

Arecanut The areca nut ( or ) or betel nut () is the fruit of the areca palm (''Areca catechu''). The palm is originally native to the Philippines, but was carried widely through the tropics by the Austronesian expansion, Austronesian migrations and ...

, Banana, Coorg mandarin, Papaya,

Sapota ''Manilkara zapota'', commonly known as sapodilla (), sapote, chicozapote, chicoo, chicle, naseberry, nispero, or soapapple, among other names, is an evergreen tree native to southern Mexico and Central America. An example natural occurrence is ...

, Guava, different vegetables, ployhouse,

Piggery Intensive pig farming, also known as pig factory farming, is the primary method of pig production, in which grower pigs are housed indoors in group-housing or straw-lined sheds in establishments also known as piggeries, whilst pregnant sows a ...

, Goatery and fodder block. KVK Hirehalli: The KVK is located at Hirehalli, in

District, approximately 58 km from Bangalore on the Bangalore-Poona National Highway (NH-4). The KVK extends to a total area of the Kendra is 16.24 hectares and has an office cum-laboratory building, library, staff quarters, polyhouses, shed nets, threshing yard, nursery and landscaping.

All India Coordinated Research Project on Fruits

The All India Coordinated Research Project on Fruits is a research program where the Central research institutes and the State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) work as a team to find solutions to various problems related to a specific topic. IIHR is the hosting central institute for All India Coordinated Research Project on Fruits

Seed Portal

The institute makes its seeds and planting materials through its exclusive ICAR-IIHR Seed Portal for public. It has also integrated with SBI YONO app.

National Horticulture Fair

Every year since 2018, the institute is organizing National Horticulture Fair (NHF) under various themes for showcasing its technologies to the farmers and entrepreneurs. About 50,000 people had visited the fair in the year 2020 which was organized under the theme 'Horticulture: Making Farming an Enterprise'. In 2021, NHF's theme was 'Horticulture: For Stand-up and Start-up India' and had a footfall of 56,000. In the year 2022, the fair went online. However, the 2023's fair is under the theme, Innovative Horticulture for Self-Reliance and was from Feb 22–25, 2023. This year's NHF 2024 theme was "nextgen technology led horticulture for sustainable development" and it attracted about 70,000 visitors during March 5–7, 2024.

Arka Samachar

For the benefit of the farmers and other stakeholders and also to share and showcase various latest horticultural production technologies, the institute brings out monthly program on its YouTube channel 1in seven languages viz., Hindi, Kannada, Telugu, Tamil, Marathi, Malayalam & Odia. The programme episodes will be made live every month on second Friday with the new content coinciding with the monthly horticultural operations in the country.

Scholarly societies

The institute houses two scholarly societies viz., Society for Promotion of Horticulture (SPH]) which publishes Journal of Horticultural Sciences (JHS) and Association for Advancement for Pest Management of Horticultural Ecosystems (AAPMHE) which publishes Pest Management In Horticultural Ecosystems (PMHE) peer-reviewed journals to communicate the latest research outputs publicly in open access mode.

Facilities

In addition to dedicated Food Safety Referral Laboratory, 65 purpose oriented laboratories with equipment like

electron microscope An electron microscope is a microscope that uses a beam of electrons as a source of illumination. It uses electron optics that are analogous to the glass lenses of an optical light microscope to control the electron beam, for instance focusing it ...

, ultra

centrifuge A centrifuge is a device that uses centrifugal force to subject a specimen to a specified constant force - for example, to separate various components of a fluid. This is achieved by spinning the fluid at high speed within a container, thereby ...

HPLC High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), formerly referred to as high-pressure liquid chromatography, is a technique in analytical chemistry used to separate, identify, and quantify specific components in mixtures. The mixtures can origina ...

, GLC, LC counter etc. * Infrastructure facilities such as a series of poly houses and net houses, growth chambers, mist chambers, cold storage facilities,

gene bank A gene bank is a type of biorepository that is used across the world to store the genetic material of animals, plants, and other organisms. It preserves their genetic information in the form of reproductive material like seeds, sperm, eggs, emb ...

local area network A local area network (LAN) is a computer network that interconnects computers within a limited area such as a residence, campus, or building, and has its network equipment and interconnects locally managed. LANs facilitate the distribution of da ...

with video conferencing facilities, Seed processing and nursery units. *

Plant phenomics facility *Modern library * Conference hall * Auditorium * Training hostel The campus also hosts other amenities like Bank, Hospital and staff quarters.

Achievements

IIHR is credited with the development of 170 varieties and hybrids of horticultural crops and many sustainable production, protection and post harvest management technologies. Fruit Crops : Three varieties in

, five hybrids in

, three varieties in

, five hybrids in grapes, one variety each in

and

. IIHR has released a high yielding pink fleshed ''Arka Prabhat'' papaya hybrid, ''Arka Kiran'', a red fleshed hybrid guavaIIHR develops low cost, high yield hybrids
/ref> and ''Arka Sahan'', a hybrid of annona with large globules and less seeds. Vegetable Crops : The institute has developed and released 60 high yielding open pollinated varieties and 15 F1 hybrids in 24 vegetable crops resistant to pests and diseases for commercial cultivation. Some of them are: * Arka Manik of Watermelon – triple resistant to pests and diseases * Arka Anamika in okra resistant to Yellow Vein Mosaic Virus. * Arka Komal of French bean resistant to rust. * Arka Vikas tomato variety. * Arka Ananya, a tomato hybrid with combined resistant to Tomato Leaf Curl Virus and Bacterial wilt. * Arka Niketan and Arka Kalyan in onion. * Arka Meghana chilli hybrids tolerant to thrips and viruses. * Arka Suphal of chilli tolerant to powdery mildew. * Arka Swetha, a high yielding male sterility base chilli hybrid. * Arka Anand, bacterial wilt brinjal hybrid. * Arka Lalima and Arka Kirthima, high yielding onion hybrids based on male sterility. Ornamental Crops : IIHR has evolved improved varieties of

chrysanthemum Chrysanthemums ( ), sometimes called mums or chrysanths, are flowering plants in the Asteraceae family. They are native to East Asia and northeastern Europe. Most species originate from East Asia, and the center of diversity is in China. Co ...

bougainvillea ''Bougainvillea'' ( , ) is a genus of thorny ornamental vines, bushes, and trees belonging to the family, Nyctaginaceae. They are native to Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, Peru, and Argentina. There are between 4 and 22 species in the genus. The i ...

hibiscus ''Hibiscus'' is a genus of flowering plants in the Malva, mallow family, Malvaceae. The genus is quite large, comprising List of Hibiscus species, several hundred species that are Native plant, native to warm temperate, Subtropics, subtropical ...

, tube rose, rose, China aster,

carnation ''Dianthus caryophyllus'' ( ), commonly known as carnation or clove pink, is a species of ''Dianthus'' native to the Mediterranean Basin, Mediterranean region. Its exact natural range is uncertain due to extensive cultivation over the last 2,00 ...

gerbera ''Gerbera'' ( or ) L. is a genus of plants in the Asteraceae (Compositae) family. The first scientific description of a ''Gerbera'' was made by J. D. Hooker in Curtis's Botanical Magazine in 1889 when he described '' Gerbera jamesonii'', a S ...

and crossandra. They have also developed China aster varieties such as Poornima, Kamini, Vilet cushion and Shashank and tube rose cultivars like Shringar, Suvasini, Prajwal and Vibahv and a crossandra variety by name Arka Ambara. Mushrooms : IIHR is credited with the development of a spore less mutant of oyster

, milky mushroom, Jews ear mushroom and a medicinal mushroom.Institution , IIHR
/ref> Production Technology : Some of the achievements of IIHR in the field of production technology are: * Standardization of high density planting of bananas and pineapple. * Grape root dog ridge, a new practice in dry land grape cultivation. * Standardization of integrated water and nutrient management schedules like drip irrigation, fertigation, application of fertilizer in the active root feeding zone. * Standardization of leaf and

petiole Petiole may refer to: *Petiole (botany), the stalk of a leaf, attaching the blade to the stem *Petiole (insect anatomy) In entomology, petiole is the technical term for the narrow waist of some hymenopteran insects, especially ants, bees, and ...

diagnostics. * Standardization of technology for foliar nutrition of micro nutrients and developed nutrients like mango special,http://www.zpdviii.gov.in/iihr.pdf banana special, citrus special and vegetable special. * Curative efforts against the causative factors for occurrence of Spongy tissue, a major problem in mango. *

Biofertilizer A biofertilizer is a substance containing living micro-organisms which, when applied to seeds, plant surfaces, or soil, colonize the rhizosphere or the interior of the plant and promotes growth by increasing the supply or availability of primary n ...

s such as PSB, Azospirallium and VAM. Plant Protection : Plant protection technologies standardized or developed by IIHR are: * Pest management using trap crops like African marigold for control of tomato fruit borer. * Mustard for control of DBM in Cole crops. * Plant products like

neem ''Azadirachta indica'', commonly known as neem, margosa, nimtree or Indian lilac, is a tree in the mahogany family Meliaceae. It is one of the two species in the genus '' Azadirachta''. It is native to the Indian subcontinent and to parts of S ...

soap and

pongamia ''Pongamia pinnata'' is a species of tree in the pea family, Fabaceae, native to eastern and tropical Asia, Australia, and the Pacific islands. It is the sole species in genus ''Pongamia''. It is often known by the synonym ''Millettia pinnata''. ...

soap for control of major pests. * Bio-control agents and micro organisms like Trichoderma, Pseudonymous fluorescence, Paecilomyces lilacinus etc. for control of soil borne diseases and nematodes. *

Pheromone A pheromone () is a secreted or excreted chemical factor that triggers a social response in members of the same species. Pheromones are chemicals capable of acting like hormones outside the body of the secreting individual, to affect the behavio ...

trap for the mango fruit fly. * Integrated disease management protocols and diagnostic kits for viruses. Post Harvest Technology : IIHR has contributed to the standardization of Post Harvest Technology as: * Extension the storage life of fruits and crops at various temperatures. * Protocol for MOP and shrink wrapping technology. * Protocols for preparation of osmo-dehydrated products. * Fruit based beverages like mango squash, passion fruit squash, anona squash, passion fruit and banana blends. * Culinary pastes and purees. *

Lactic acid Lactic acid is an organic acid. It has the molecular formula C3H6O3. It is white in the solid state and it is miscible with water. When in the dissolved state, it forms a colorless solution. Production includes both artificial synthesis as wel ...

fermentation Fermentation is a type of anaerobic metabolism which harnesses the redox potential of the reactants to make adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and organic end products. Organic molecules, such as glucose or other sugars, are catabolized and reduce ...

of vegetables. * Protocols for minimally processed foods. * Technology for production of tomato, colored capsicum, cucumbers and melons under protected conditions. * The technology for production of nursery seedlings using pro trays. * Macro propagation protocols for various crops. *

Nucleic acid Nucleic acids are large biomolecules that are crucial in all cells and viruses. They are composed of nucleotides, which are the monomer components: a pentose, 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base. The two main classes of nuclei ...

probes for many viruses. *

DNA fingerprinting DNA profiling (also called DNA fingerprinting and genetic fingerprinting) is the process of determining an individual's deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) characteristics. DNA analysis intended to identify a species, rather than an individual, is cal ...

techniques for characterization and documentation of

. Machineries : IIHR has developed machineries the following purposes. * Nursery raising * Seed sowing * Seedling transplanting * Weeding * Harvesting of fruit crops * Pickle making * Mushroom

spawn Spawn or spawning may refer to: * Spawning, the eggs and sperm of aquatic animals Arts, entertainment and media * Spawn (character), a fictional character in the comic series of the same name and in the associated franchise ** ''Spawn: Armageddon' ...

production

Awards and recognitions

IIHR has been awarded and recognized as: * Sardar Patel Outstanding ICAR Institution Award 1998 from Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR). * Sardar Patel Outstanding ICAR Institution Award 2010 from Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR). * Recognized as the post graduate research and training centre in horticulture by six universities. * Second Prize in the field of Official Language Implementation for the year 2012-13 from Town Official Language Implementation Committee, Bangalore. * ''BAGWANI'', the Official Language Magazine of the institute, received the Best in house Magazine Award for the year 2011–2012. * The pollen Cryo-Bank of the institute features in the Limca Book of Records 2001. * Recognized as DBT-ICAR National Facility for virus –diagnosis and quality control in tissue culture plants. * Recognized as the Phyto-sanitary certification agency for seeds and planting materials. * Ranked No1 for the year 2019-20 and 2020-21 combined by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR).

References

External links

{{authority control Indian Council of Agricultural Research Horticultural organisations based in India Agricultural research institutes in India Research institutes in Bengaluru Research institutes established in 1967 1967 establishments in Mysore State