Hâfiz Osman ( ota, حافظ عثمان
Modern Turkish: ''Hâfız Osman'') (1642–1698) was an
Ottoman calligrapher noted for improving the script and for developing a layout template for the
hilye which became the classical approach to page design.
History
Born Osman Den Ali, in
Istanbul
)
, postal_code_type = Postal code
, postal_code = 34000 to 34990
, area_code = +90 212 (European side) +90 216 (Asian side)
, registration_plate = 34
, blank_name_sec2 = GeoTLD
, blank_i ...
, he was of
Dervish origin and worked under the name of Hâfiz Osman. His father was a muezzin at the Khassèki mosque, a position which afforded he and his family great protection.
He became an accomplished calligrapher and was a tutor to the sultans
Ahmed II,
Mustafa II and
Ahmed III, and was held in high esteem by the sultan
Mustafa II, who, according to legend often watched him work and held his inkwell as he wrote.
He received his formal training with
Suyolcuzade Mustafa Eyyubi and Derviş Ali. He studied ''nashk'' and ''sulus'' with Derviş Ali, and was certified by Suyolcuzade Mustafa Eyyubi. Osman also admired the work of the 15th-century calligrapher,
Seyh Hamdullah, and spent many hours copying his works assiduously in order to perfect his craft.
Osman revived some of the six scripts that had fallen into disuse. These scripts underwent a process of purification and became known as "Hâfiz Osman's style". The younger generation of calligraphers preferred this style, and it gradually replaced Hamdullah's style.
Osman was not only a fine calligrapher, but was also a master of layout. He raised text design to new heights, often incorporating different styles of calligraphy on the same page. His masterpiece is the Ottoman, ''
hilye''; a design template that includes eight distinct elements arranged aesthetically to provide for contemplative reflection and devotion. The elements are: ''Ba makan'' (prelude); ''Gobek'' (belly); ''Hilal'' (crescent); ''Ko'eler'' (corners); ''Ayak'' (verse); ''Etek'' (foot); ''Koltukar'' (alleys) and ''Pervaz'' (frame). His ''
hilye'' became the standard layout in the Ottoman world.
A ''hilye'' is a calligraphic panel containing a
hadith
Ḥadīth ( or ; ar, حديث, , , , , , , literally "talk" or "discourse") or Athar ( ar, أثر, , literally "remnant"/"effect") refers to what the majority of Muslims believe to be a record of the words, actions, and the silent approva ...
-based text describing the
Prophet
In religion, a prophet or prophetess is an individual who is regarded as being in contact with a divine being and is said to speak on behalf of that being, serving as an intermediary with humanity by delivering messages or teachings from the ...
's physical appearance and attributes. Hâfiz Osman incorporated such texts, which had been popular for some time, in a formal design that soon became standard for this art form. ''Hilye'' came to be used as wall decorations or surface adornments, fulfilling much the same function as figurative paintings in other religious traditions. While containing a concrete and artistically appealing description of Prophet's appearance, they complied with the strictures against figurative depictions of the Prophet, leaving his appearance to the viewer's imagination.
Hâfiz Osman also reinvigorated Hamdullah's tradition, in particular the re-introduction of a number of scripts that had fallen into disuse. Among his surviving works are copies of the
Koran
The Quran (, ; Standard Arabic: , Quranic Arabic: , , 'the recitation'), also romanized Qur'an or Koran, is the central religious text of Islam, believed by Muslims to be a revelation from God. It is organized in 114 chapters (pl.: , si ...
held at the
Topkapi Palace Museum Library in Istanbul and the Nasser D. Khalili Collection. The volumes of the Koran produced by Osman were among the most highly sought-after in his time.
He gave lessons to the poor on Sundays and lessons to the wealthy on Wednesdays. Throughout his lifetime, he trained a large number of calligraphers, of whom the finest was
Yedikuleli Seyyid 'Abdullah Efendi
Yedikuleli Seyyid Abdullah Efendi ( ota, يدى قللى سيد عبد الله Modern Turkish: ''Yedikuleli Seyyid Abdullah Efendi'') (1670-1731) was an Ottoman master calligrapher.
Life and career
Born Hâşimîzâde Abdullah Efendi in 1670 in ...
.
Works
Surviving examples of his work can be found in the
Topkapi Collection.
[''The Diez Albums: Contexts and Contents'', BRILL, c. 2016, p.136]
Image:Recueil d’adages et de hadiths - Turquie - 17ème siècle - Louvre - MAO 2090.jpg,
Image:Containing Hafız Osman's calligraphies - Murakka (calligraphic album) - Google Art Project.jpg,
Image:Copied by Hafız Osman - Prayer manual - Google Art Project.jpg,
Image:Hilye by Hafiz Osman from Sadberk Hanim Museum.jpg,
See also
*
Culture of the Ottoman Empire
Ottomans culture evolved over several centuries as the ruling administration of the Turks absorbed, adapted and modified the various native cultures of conquered lands and their peoples. There was influence from the customs and languages of Islami ...
*
Islamic calligraphy
Islamic calligraphy is the artistic practice of handwriting and calligraphy, in the languages which use Arabic alphabet or the alphabets derived from it. It includes Arabic, Persian, Ottoman, and Urdu calligraphy.Chapman, Caroline (2012). ...
*
List of Ottoman calligraphers
*
Ottoman art
Turkish art refers to all works of visual art originating from the geographical area of what is present day Turkey since the arrival of the Turks in the Middle Ages. Turkey also was the home of much significant art produced by earlier culture ...
References
External links
{{DEFAULTSORT:Osman, Hafiz
1642 births
1698 deaths
Calligraphers from the Ottoman Empire
Muslim artists
17th-century artists from the Ottoman Empire