Hywind Scotland
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Hywind Scotland is the world's first commercial wind farm using
floating wind turbine A floating wind turbine is an offshore wind turbine mounted on a floating structure that allows the turbine to generate electricity in water depths where fixed-foundation turbines are not feasible. Floating wind farms have the potential to signi ...
s, situated off
Peterhead Peterhead (; gd, Ceann Phàdraig, sco, Peterheid ) is a town in Aberdeenshire, Scotland. It is Aberdeenshire's biggest settlement (the city of Aberdeen itself not being a part of the district), with a population of 18,537 at the 2011 Census. ...
,
Scotland Scotland (, ) is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. Covering the northern third of the island of Great Britain, mainland Scotland has a Anglo-Scottish border, border with England to the southeast ...
. The farm has five 6 MW Siemens direct-drive turbines on ''Hywind'' floating monopiles, with a total capacity of 30 MW. It is operated by Hywind (Scotland) Limited, a joint venture of
Equinor Equinor ASA (formerly Statoil and StatoilHydro) is a Norwegian state-owned multinational energy company headquartered in Stavanger. It is primarily a petroleum company, operating in 36 countries with additional investments in renewable energy. I ...
(75%) and
Masdar Masdar,(Arabic:مصدر‎), also known as the Abu Dhabi Future Energy Company, is a UAE-government owned renewable energy company based in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Masdar is a subsidiary of Mubadala Development Company and was founded b ...
(25%). Equinor (then: Statoil) launched the world's first operational deep-water floating large-capacity wind turbine, the US$71 million 2.3 MW Hywind ($31/W), in 2009. The tall tower with a 2.3 MW Siemens turbine was towed from the Åmøy fjord and offshore into the
North Sea The North Sea lies between Great Britain, Norway, Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands and Belgium. An epeiric sea, epeiric sea on the European continental shelf, it connects to the Atlantic Ocean through the English Channel in the south and the ...
in deep water, off of
Stavanger, Norway Stavanger (, , US usually , ) is a city and municipality in Norway. It is the fourth largest city and third largest metropolitan area in Norway (through conurbation with neighboring Sandnes) and the administrative center of Rogaland county. T ...
on 9 June 2009 for a two-year test run, but remains working at the site while surviving wind speed and 19 m waves. In 2015, the company received permission to install the wind farm in Scotland, in an attempt at reducing the cost relative to the original Hywind, in accordance with the Scottish Government's commitment for cost reduction. Manufacturing for the project, with a budgeted cost of NOK2 billion (£152m), started in 2016 in Spain, Norway and Scotland. The turbines were assembled at
Stord Stord is a municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Sunnhordland. Stord is sometimes called "Norway in miniature" since it has such a variety of landscapes: coastline, fjords, forests, agricultural ...
in Norway in summer 2017 using the
Saipem 7000 The ''Saipem 7000'' is the world's third largest semi-submersible crane vessel, after the and the . It is owned by the oil and gas industry contractor Saipem S.p.A. Construction The vessel was designed by Gusto Engineering during 1984. The v ...
floating crane, and the finished turbines were moved to near Peterhead. Three suction anchors hold each turbine. Hywind Scotland was commissioned in October 2017. While cost was reduced compared to the very expensive Hywind One at $31m/MW, it still came with a final capital cost of £264m, or £8.8m/MW, approximately three times the capital cost of fixed offshore windfarms. Measured by unit cost, its levelized cost of energy (LCoE) is then £180/MWh ($248/MWh), about three times the typical LCoE of a fixed offshore wind farm at £55/MWh ($75.7/MWh). The high cost is partly compensated by £165.27/MWh from Renewable Obligation Certificates. In its first years of operation the facility has averaged a
capacity factor The net capacity factor is the unitless ratio of actual electrical energy output over a given period of time to the theoretical maximum electrical energy output over that period. The theoretical maximum energy output of a given installation is def ...
in excess of 50%. By shutting down at the worst conditions, it survived Hurricane Ophelia, and then Storm Caroline with wind gusts at and waves of 8.2 metres. The subsequent 94 MW Hywind Tampen (with concrete floating foundations) was under construction at the Snorre and
Gullfaks oil field Gullfaks is an oil and gas field in the Norwegian sector of the North Sea operated by Equinor. It was discovered in 1978, in block 34/10, at a water depth of 130-230 meters.Petterson, O., Storli, A., Ljosland, E., Nygaard, O., Massie, I., and Car ...
s in Norway in 2022.


See also

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Offshore wind power Offshore wind power or offshore wind energy is the generation of electricity through wind farms in bodies of water, usually at sea. There are higher wind speeds offshore than on land, so offshore farms generate more electricity per amount of c ...


References

{{Electricity generation in Scotland 2017 establishments in Scotland 2017 in technology Equinor Wind farms in Scotland Offshore wind farms in the North Sea Floating wind turbines Energy infrastructure completed in 2017