Hygromiidae is a

taxonomic Taxonomy is the practice and science of categorization or classification. A taxonomy (or taxonomical classification) is a scheme of classification, especially a hierarchical classification, in which things are organized into groups or types. A ...

family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Ideal ...

of small to medium-sized air-breathing

land snail A land snail is any of the numerous species of snail that live on land, as opposed to the sea snails and freshwater snails. ''Land snail'' is the common name for terrestrial gastropod mollusks that have shells (those without shells are kn ...

terrestrial Terrestrial refers to things related to land or the planet Earth. Terrestrial may also refer to: * Terrestrial animal, an animal that lives on land opposed to living in water, or sometimes an animal that lives on or near the ground, as opposed to ...

pulmonate Pulmonata or pulmonates, is an informal group (previously an order, and before that a subclass) of snails and slugs characterized by the ability to breathe air, by virtue of having a pallial lung instead of a gill, or gills. The group includ ...

gastropod The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. ...

mollusk Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is es ...

s in the superfamily

Helicoidea Helicoidea is a taxonomic superfamily of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the clade Stylommatophora. Taxonomy 2005 taxonomy There are 19 families within the superfamily Helicoidea according to the taxonom ...

. Helicellidae Ihering, 1909

Anatomy

Some snails in genera within this family create and use

love dart A love dart (also known as a gypsobelum, shooting darts, or just as darts) is a sharp, calcareous or chitinous dart which some hermaphroditic land snails and slugs create. Love darts are both formed and stored internally in a dart sac. Thes ...

s as part of their courtship and mating behavior. In this family, the number of

haploid Ploidy () is the number of complete sets of chromosomes in a cell, and hence the number of possible alleles for autosomal and pseudoautosomal genes. Sets of chromosomes refer to the number of maternal and paternal chromosome copies, respecti ...

chromosome A chromosome is a long DNA molecule with part or all of the genetic material of an organism. In most chromosomes the very long thin DNA fibers are coated with packaging proteins; in eukaryotic cells the most important of these proteins ar ...

s lies between 26 and 30 (according to the values in this table).Barker G. M.: Gastropods on Land: ''Phylogeny, Diversity and Adaptive Morphology''. in Barker G. M. (ed.):
The biology of terrestrial molluscs
'. CABI Publishing, Oxon, UK, 2001, . 1-146, cited pages: 139 and 142.

Taxonomy

The family Hygromiidae consists of the following subfamilies (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005): * subfamily Hygromiinae Tryon, 1866 ** tribe Hygromiini Tryon, 1866 - synonym: Cernuellini Schileyko, 1991 ** tribe Perforatellini Neiber, Razkin & Hausdorf, 2017 * subfamily Leptaxinae C.R. Boettger, 1909 ** tribe Cryptosaccini Neiber, Razkin & Hausdorf, 2017 ** tribe Leptaxini C.R. Boettger, 1909 ** tribe Perforatellini Neiber, Razkin & Hausdorf, 2017 * subfamily Metafruticicolinae Schileyko, 1972 * subfamily Ponentininae Schileyko, 1991 * subfamily Trochulininae Lindholm, 1927 ** tribe Archaicini Schileyko, 1978 ** tribe Caucasigenini Neiber, Razkin & Hausdorf, 2017 ** tribe Ciliellini Schileyko, 1970 ** tribe Halolimnohelicini H. Nordsieck, 1986 ** tribe Monachaini Wenz, 1930 (1904) ** tribe Trochulini Lindholm, 1927 ** tribe Urticicolini Neiber, Razkin & Hausdorf, 2017

Genera

Genera with the family Hygromiidae include: The type genus of this family is ''

Hygromia ''Hygromia'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate Pulmonata or pulmonates, is an informal group (previously an order, and before that a subclass) of snails and slugs characterized by the ability to breathe air, by v ...

'' Risso, 1826. ;Not belonging to a subfamily: * † '' Archygromia'' Pfeffer, 1930 * † '' Camaenopsis'' Dollfus & Dautzenberg, 1924 * ''

Cernuellopsis ''Cernuellopsis'' is a genus of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Geomitridae. It contains a single species, ''Cernuellopsis ghisottii''. This species is endemic to the Italian Peninsula. The sp ...

'' Manganelli & Giusti, 1988 * ''

Helicotricha ''Helicotricha'' is a monotypic genus of gastropods belonging to the family Hygromiidae Hygromiidae is a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helico ...

'' Giusti, Manganelli & Crisci, 1992 * † '' Hemistenotrema'' O. Boettger, 1897 * † '' Hochheimia'' Harzhauser & Neubauer, 2021 * ''

Ichnusomunda ''Ichnusomunda'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Hygromiidae Hygromiidae is a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastr ...

'' Giusti & Manganelli, 1998 * '' Kalitinaia'' Hudec & Lezhawa, 1967 * † '' Leucochroopsis'' O. Boettger, 1908 * † '' Loganiopharynx'' Wenz, 1919 * † '' Pseudomonacha'' Pfeffer, 1930 * † '' Pseudoxerotricha'' C. R. Boettger, 1911 ;subfamily Hygromiinae Tryon, 1866 * tribe Hygromiini Tryon, 1866 ** ''

'' Risso, 1826 ** ''

Zenobiellina ''Zenobiellina'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Hygromiinae of the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies.MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Zenobiellina Ho ...

'' Holyoak, D. T. & Holyoak, G. A., 2018 * tribe Perforatellini Neiber, Razkin & Hausdorf, 2017 ** '' Chilanodon'' Westerlund, 1897 ** ''

Kovacsia ''Kovacsia'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Hygromiidae Hygromiidae is a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod ...

'' H. Nordsieck, 1993 ** '' Lindholmomneme'' F. Haas, 1936 ** '' Lozekia'' Hudec, 1970 ** '' Monachoides'' Gude & B. B. Woodward, 1921 ** '' Noneulota'' Schileyko & Horsák, 2007 ** '' Perforatella'' Schlüter, 1838 ** '' Pseudotrichia'' Schileyko, 1970 ** Stygius Schileyko, 1970 * tribe incertaCucherat X. & Demuynck S. (2006). "Catalogue annoté des Gastéropodes terrestres (Mollusca, Gastropoda) de la région Nord - Pas-de-Calais"
''MalaCo'', Bulletin de la Malacologie Continentale Française, (2)
: page 81. http://www.journal-malaco.fr/page-5.html ;subfamily Leptaxinae C.R. Boettger, 1909 * Tribe Cryptosaccini Neiber, Razkin & Hausdorf, 2017 ** '' Cryptosaccus'' Prieto & Puente, 1994 ** '' Fractanella'' Caro & Madeira, 2019 ** '' Mengoana'' Ortiz de Zárate López, 1951 ** '' Pyrenaearia'' P. Hesse, 1921 * Tribe Leptaxini C.R. Boettger, 1909 ** '' Leptaxis'' R. T. Lowe, 1852 ** '' Portugala'' E. Gittenberger, 1980 ;subfamily Metafruticicolinae Schileyko, 1972 ** '' Cyrnotheba'' Germain, 1928 ** '' Elbasania'' Schileyko & Fehér, 2017 ** '' Hiltrudia'' H. Nordsieck, 1993 ** '' Metafruticicola'' Ihering, 1892 ; subfamily Trochulininae Lindholm, 1927 * Tribe Archaicini Schileyko, 1978 ** '' Angiomphalia'' Schileyko, 1978 ** '' Archaica'' Schileyko, 1970 ** '' Coronarchaica'' Neiber, Razkin & Hausdorf, 2017 ** '' Leucozonella'' Lindholm, 1927 ** '' Odontotrema'' Lindholm, 1927 ** '' Paedhoplita'' Lindholm, 1927 * Tribe Ashfordiini Neiber, Razkin & Hausdorf, 2017 ** '' Ashfordia'' J. W. Taylor, 1917 * tribe Caucasigenini Neiber, Razkin & Hausdorf, 2017 ** '' Anoplitella'' Lindholm, 1929 ** '' Caucasigena'' Lindholm, 1927 ** '' Circassina'' P. Hesse, 1921 ** '' Diodontella'' Lindholm, 1929 ** '' Dioscuria'' Lindholm, 1927 ** '' Fruticocampylaea'' Kobelt, 1871 ** '' Hygrohelicopsis'' Schileyko, 1978 ** '' Lazicana'' Neiber, Walther & Hausdorf, 2018 ** '' Teberdinia'' Schileyko, 1978 * Tribe Ciliellini Schileyko, 1970 ** '' Ciliella'' Mousson, 1872 ** '' Ciliellopsis'' Giusti & Manganelli, 1990 * tribe Ganulini Neiber, Razkin & Hausdorf, 2017 ** '' Ganula'' E. Gittenberger, 1970 ** '' Ichnusotricha'' Giusti & Manganelli, 1987 ** '' Nienhuisiella'' Giusti & Manganelli, 1987 * tribe Halolimnohelicini H. Nordsieck, 1986 ** '' Elgonella'' Preston, 1914 ** '' Halolimnohelix'' Germain, 1913 ** '' Haplohelix'' Pilsbry, 1919 ** '' Vicariihelix'' Pilsbry, 1919 * tribe Monachaini Wenz, 1930 (1904) ** '' Abchasohela'' Hudec & Lezhawa, 1971 ** '' Batumica'' Schileyko, 1978 ** '' Caucasocressa'' P. Hesse, 1921 ** '' Diplobursa'' Schileyko, 1968 ** '' Euomphalia'' Westerlund, 1889 ** '' Harmozica'' Lindholm, 1927"Caucasian Land Snails"
. accessed May 2, 2014. ** '' Hesseola'' Lindholm, 1927 ** '' Jasonella'' Lindholm, 1927 ** '' Karabaghia'' Lindholm, 1927 ** '' Lejeania'' Ancey, 1887 ** ''

Monacha ''Monacha'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Trochulininae Lindholm, 1927 of the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Mon ...

'' Fitzinger, 1833 - type genus of the subfamily Monachainae ** '' Oscarboettgeria'' Lindholm, 1927 ** '' Platytheba'' Pilsbry, 1895: synonym of ''

'' Fitzinger, 1833 (junior synonym) ** '' Prostenomphalia'' Baidashnikov, 1985 ** '' Pseudhesseola'' H. Nordsieck, 1993 ** '' Stenomphalia'' Lindholm, 1927 * tribe Trochulini Lindholm, 1927 ** '' Edentiella'' Poliński, 1929 ** '' Noricella'' Neiber, Razkin & Hausdorf, 2017 ** '' Petasina'' H. Beck, 1847 * '' Raeticella'' Kneubühler, Baggenstos & Neubert, 2022 ** ''

Trochulus ''Trochulus'' is a genus of small air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily subfamily Trochulininae of the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies. Taxonomy ''Trichia'' Hartmann, 1840 is ...

'' Chemnitz, 1786 - synonym: ''Trichia'' * Tribe Urticicolini Neiber, Razkin & Hausdorf, 2017 ** '' Plicuteria'' Schileyko, 1978 ** '' Semifruticicola'' A. J. Wagner, 1914 ** '' Urticicola'' Lindholm, 1927 ** '' Xerocampylaea'' Kobelt, 1871

Synonyms

* ''Kokotschashvilia'' Hudec & Lezhawa, 1969: synonym of '' Dioscuria'' Lindholm, 1927 * ''Shileykoia'' Hudec, 1969: synonym of '' Fruticocampylaea'' Kobelt, 1871 * ''Tyrrheniella'': synonym of '' Tyrrheniellina'' Giusti & Manganelli, 1992 * ''Zenobiella'' Gude & Woodward, 1921 - with the only species '' Zenobiella subrufescens'' (Miller, 1822): synonym of ''

'' Holyoak, D. T. & Holyoak, G. A., 2018 (junior synonym)

References

External links

A page of images of shells of species in the family

Razkin, O., Gómez-Moliner, B. J., Prieto, C. E., Martínez-Ortí, A., Arrébola, J. R., Muñoz, B., Chueca, L. J. & Madeira, M. J. (2015). Molecular phylogeny of the western Palaearctic Helicoidea (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 83: 99-117

Neiber, M. T., Razkin, O. & Hausdorf, B. (2017). Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of the land snail family Hygromiidae (Gastropoda: Helicoidea). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 111: 169-184.
{{Commons category, Hygromiidae Taxa named by George Washington Tryon