Hydroxycinnamic acids (hydroxycinnamates) are a class of
aromatic acid
Aromatic acids are a type of aromatic compound. Included in that class are substances containing an aromatic ring and an organic acid functional group.
There are several categories of aromatic acids including:
*Phenolic acids
Phenolic acids or ph ...
s or
phenylpropanoid
The phenylpropanoids are a diverse family of organic compounds that are synthesized by plants from the amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine. Their name is derived from the six-carbon, aromatic phenyl group and the three-carbon propene tail of ...
s having a C
6–C
3 skeleton. These compounds are hydroxy derivatives of
cinnamic acid.
In the category of
phytochemicals that can be found in food, there are :
*
α-Cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid
*
Caffeic acid – burdock, hawthorn, artichoke, pear, basil, thyme, oregano, apple
*
Cichoric acid
Chicoric acid (also known as cichoric acid) is a hydroxycinnamic acid, an organic compound of the phenylpropanoid class and occurs in a variety of plant species. It is a derivative of both caffeic acid and tartaric acid.
As a suitable marker for ...
*
Cinnamic acid – aloe
*
Chlorogenic acid – echinacea, strawberries, pineapple, coffee, sunflower, blueberries
*
Diferulic acids
Diferulic acids (also known as dehydrodiferulic acids) are organic compounds that have the general chemical formula C20H18O8, they are formed by dimerisation of ferulic acid. Curcumin and curcuminoids, though having a structure resembling diferuli ...
*
Coumaric acid Coumaric acid is a phenolic derivative of cinnamic acid having a hydroxy group
In chemistry, a hydroxy or hydroxyl group is a functional group with the chemical formula and composed of one oxygen atom covalently bonded to one hydrogen atom. I ...
*
Ferulic acid
Ferulic acid is a hydroxycinnamic acid, an organic compound with the formula (CH3O)HOC6H3CH=CHCO2H. The name is derived from the genus ''Ferula'', referring to the giant fennel ('' Ferula communis''). Classified as a phenolic phytochemical, ferul ...
(3-methoxy-4-hydroxycinnamic acid) – oats, rice, artichoke, orange, pineapple, apple, peanut
*
Sinapinic acid (3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxycinnamic acid or sinapic acid)
Hydroxycinnamoyltartaric acids
*
Caftaric acid – grapes and wine,
mainly the
''trans'' isomer
*
Coutaric acid
Coutaric acid is a hydroxycinnamoyltartaric acid found in wine, pomace and grape. It is an ester formed from coumaric acid and tartaric acid
Tartaric acid is a white, crystalline organic acid that occurs naturally in many fruits, most notably ...
– grapes and wine, both ''trans'' and ''cis'' isomers
*
Fertaric acid
Fertaric acid is a hydroxycinnamic acid found in wine and grapes. It is an ester formed from ferulic acid bound to tartaric acid.
It is a metabolite of caftaric acid
Caftaric acid is a non-flavonoid phenolic compound.
It is found in the juice ...
– grapes and wine, mainly the ''trans'' isomer
References
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