Humboldtianidae is an American

family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...

of air-breathing

land snail A land snail is any of the numerous species of snail that live on land, as opposed to the sea snails and freshwater snails. ''Land snail'' is the common name for terrestrial gastropod mollusks that have shells (those without shells are known ...

terrestrial Terrestrial refers to things related to land or the planet Earth. Terrestrial may also refer to: * Terrestrial animal, an animal that lives on land opposed to living in water, or sometimes an animal that lives on or near the ground, as opposed to ...

pulmonate Pulmonata or pulmonates, is an informal group (previously an Order (biology), order, and before that a Class (biology), subclass) of snails and slugs characterized by the ability to breathe air, by virtue of having a Respiratory system of gastro ...

gastropod The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. T ...

mollusk Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is e ...

s in the superfamily Helicoidea (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).

Anatomy

The anatomy of this family is defined by the presence of a

diverticulum In medicine or biology, a diverticulum is an outpouching of a hollow (or a fluid-filled) structure in the body. Depending upon which layers of the structure are involved, diverticula are described as being either true or false. In medicine, t ...

and three to four dart apparatuses (the

love dart A love dart (also known as a gypsobelum, shooting darts, or just as darts) is a sharp, calcareous or chitinous dart which some hermaphroditic land snails and slugs create. Love darts are both formed and stored internally in a dart sac. These ...

is used in mating behaviour). They always have the same number of dart sacs and mucus glands, with two darts per dart sac. The mucus glands are situated on, and open into, the vagina, above the dart sac.

Distribution

This family of snails occurs in the United States and Mexico.

Taxonomy

The family Humboldtianidae is classified within the

clade A clade (), also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree. Rather than the English ter ...

Stylommatophora Stylommatophora is an orderPhilippe Bouchet, Jean-Pierre Rocroi, Bernhard Hausdorf, Andrzej Kaim, Yasunori Kano, Alexander Nützel, Pavel Parkhaev, Michael Schrödl and Ellen E. Strong. 2017. Revised Classification, Nomenclator and Typification ...

within the clade Eupulmonata (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005). The family Humboldtianidae consists of the following subfamilies: * subfamily Bunnyinae H. Nordsieck, 1987 * subfamily Humboldtianinae Pilsbry, 1939

Genera

There are only 2 genera in the family Humboldtianidae: * genus '' Bunnya'' H. B. Baker, 1942 - type genus of the subfamily Bunnyinae * genus '' Humboldtiana'' Ihering, 1892 - type genus of the family Humboldtianidae ** subgenus '' Oreades'' Thompson & Brewer, 2000 ** subgenus '' Polyomphala'' Thompson & Brewer, 2000Thompson F.G. & Brewer G.P. 2000. ''Landsnails of the Genus Humboldtiana from Northern Mexico (Gastropod, Pulmonata, Helicoidea, Humboldtianidae)''. Bull. Florida Mus. Nat. Hist. 43(2), page 71.

References

External links

Humboldtianidae
{{Taxonbar, from=Q1636985