Huang Shaohong (1895 – August 31, 1966) was a warlord in
Guangxi province and governed Guangxi as part of the
New Guangxi Clique through the latter part of the
Warlord era, and a leader in later years of the
Republic of China.
Biography
Huang was born in 1895 in
Rong County,
Guangxi, China. After the
1911 revolution
The 1911 Revolution, also known as the Xinhai Revolution or Hsinhai Revolution, ended China's last imperial dynasty, the Manchu-led Qing dynasty, and led to the establishment of the Republic of China. The revolution was the culmination of a d ...
he attended Guangxi Military Cadre Training School in Guilin along with
Bai Chongxi
Bai Chongxi (18 March 1893 – 2 December 1966; , , Xiao'erjing: ) was a Chinese general in the National Revolutionary Army of the Republic of China (ROC) and a prominent Chinese Nationalist leader. He was of Hui ethnicity and of the Muslim ...
and
Li Zongren. Later he rose to command the Model Battalion, a modern professional military formation equipped with machine guns.
In the confused power struggles following the
Ao-Gui Wars, local military figures began to carve out territory in
Guangxi and dominate it. In the southwest were the opium trails from both
Yunnan and
Guizhou that ran through
Baise and then down the river to
Nanning, from whence opium usually went out through
Wuzhou
Wuzhou (, postal: Wuchow; za, Ngouzcouh / Ŋouƨcouƅ), formerly Ngchow, is a prefecture-level city in the east of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China.
Geography and climate
Wuzhou is located in eastern Guangxi border ...
, where the trade was financed.
During the Ao-Gui wars Huang, then the commander of the Model Battalion, attempted to stay neutral and relocated to Baise in the far northwest. By stages he came to control Baise, and with it the opium trade. Later he expanded his control to Wuzhou, thus locking up the portals through which opium both entered and left Guangxi. By the spring of 1924 the new Guangxi Clique had formed and created the Guangxi Pacification Army.
Li Zongren was the Commander-in-Chief, Huang the deputy Commander and
Bai Chongxi
Bai Chongxi (18 March 1893 – 2 December 1966; , , Xiao'erjing: ) was a Chinese general in the National Revolutionary Army of the Republic of China (ROC) and a prominent Chinese Nationalist leader. He was of Hui ethnicity and of the Muslim ...
the Chief of Staff. By August they had defeated and driven former ruler
Lu Rongting
Lu Rongting (; September 9, 1859 – November 6, 1928), also spelled as Lu Yung-ting and Lu Jung-t'ing, was a late Qing/early Republican military and political leader from Wuming, Guangxi. Lu belonged to the Zhuang ethnic group.吴振汉. � ...
and other contenders out of the province and Huang became the civil governor of Guangxi from 1924-29. He was also interior and transportation minister in the National Government of
Chiang Kai-shek
Chiang Kai-shek (31 October 1887 – 5 April 1975), also known as Chiang Chung-cheng and Jiang Jieshi, was a Chinese Nationalist politician, revolutionary, and military leader who served as the leader of the Republic of China (ROC) from 1928 ...
after 1927.
During the
Kumul Rebellion
The Kumul Rebellion (, " Hami Uprising") was a rebellion of Kumulik Uyghurs from 1931 to 1934 who conspired with Hui Chinese Muslim Gen. Ma Zhongying to overthrow Jin Shuren, governor of Xinjiang. The Kumul Uyghurs were loyalists of the Kum ...
Chiang Kai-shek was ready to send Huang and his expeditionary force, which he assembled to assist Muslim Gen. Ma Zhongying against
Sheng Shicai, but when Chiang heard about the
Soviet Invasion of Xinjiang, he decided to withdraw to avoid an international incident if his troops directly engaged the Soviets, leaving Ma alone without reinforcements to fight the Red Army.
Huang became chairman of the government of
Zhejiang from 1934–35 and
Hubei
Hubei (; ; alternately Hupeh) is a landlocked province of the People's Republic of China, and is part of the Central China region. The name of the province means "north of the lake", referring to its position north of Dongting Lake. The prov ...
from 1936-37. Again from 1937-46 he became chairman of the government of
Zhejiang and commander of the 15th Army of the
National Revolutionary Army. During
World War II he was named deputy commander-in-chief of the 2nd War Zone. After the war he was named head of the Supervisory Committee and elected member of the
Legislative Yuan (parliament).
During the
Chinese Civil War peace talks in March 1949, he was one of the
Kuomintang
The Kuomintang (KMT), also referred to as the Guomindang (GMD), the Nationalist Party of China (NPC) or the Chinese Nationalist Party (CNP), is a major political party in the Republic of China, initially on the Chinese mainland and in Tai ...
delegates. He and
Zhang Zhizhong agreed to accept the cease-fire conditions submitted by the
Communist Party
A communist party is a political party that seeks to realize the socio-economic goals of communism. The term ''communist party'' was popularized by the title of '' The Manifesto of the Communist Party'' (1848) by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. ...
. When the Kuomintang leadership turned them down later, Huang fled to
Hong Kong and declared his revolt from the KMT and joined the
Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
The Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC, zh, 中国人民政治协商会议), also known as the People's PCC (, ) or simply the PCC (), is a political advisory body in the People's Republic of China and a central part of ...
(CPPCC) in September 1949.
After the founding of the People's Republic, Huang was elected a member of the
State Council,
National People's Congress, and CPPCC. He was also a member of the Standing Committee of the Kuomintang Revolutionary Committee. During the
Anti-Rightist Movement
The Anti-Rightist Campaign () in the People's Republic of China, which lasted from 1957 to roughly 1959, was a political campaign to purge alleged " Rightists" within the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the country as a whole. The campaign was ...
, Huang was labeled a rightist. Later, during the
Cultural Revolution, he was again determined to be a "rightist." Unable to stand the persecution of the
Red Guards, he committed suicide at home on August 31, 1966, in
Beijing
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Beijing ( ; ; ), alternatively romanized as Peking ( ), is the capital of the People's Republic of China. It is the center of power and development of the country. Beijing is the world's most populous national capital city, with over 2 ...
.
References
Citations
Sources
Huang Shaohong(with photo)
{{DEFAULTSORT:Huang, Shaohong
1895 births
1966 deaths
People from Yulin, Guangxi
Baoding Military Academy cadets
Republic of China warlords from Guangxi
Hakka people
Hakka generals
National Revolutionary Army generals
Chinese military personnel of World War II
Delegates to the 1st National People's Congress
Members of the 3rd Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
Members of the 2nd Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
Members of the 1st Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
Members of the Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang
Members of the Control Yuan
People's Republic of China politicians from Guangxi
Suicides during the Cultural Revolution
Members of the Kuomintang
Chinese politicians who committed suicide
Interior Ministers of the Republic of China
Transportation Ministers of the Republic of China
Victims of the Anti-Rightist Campaign
Members of the 1st Legislative Yuan