The hooked squid, family Onychoteuthidae, currently comprise about 20–25 species (several known from only single life stages and thus unconfirmed), in six or seven genera. They range in mature

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length from 7 cm to a suggested length of 2 m for the largest member, ''

Onykia robusta ''Onykia robusta'', also known as the robust clubhook squid and often cited by the older name ''Moroteuthis robusta'', is a species of squid in the family Onychoteuthidae. Reaching a mantle length of ,Norman, M.D. 2000. ''Cephalopods: A World G ...

''. The family is characterised by the presence of hooks only on the tentacular clubs, a simple, straight,

funnel–mantle locking apparatus The funnel–mantle locking apparatus is a structure found in many cephalopods that connects the mantle and hyponome (funnel) and restricts their movement relative to each other.Young, R.E., M. Vecchione & K.M. Mangold (1999)Cephalopoda Glossary ...

, and a 'step' inside the jaw angle of the lower beak. With the exception of the

Arctic Ocean The Arctic Ocean is the smallest and shallowest of the world's five major oceans. It spans an area of approximately and is known as the coldest of all the oceans. The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) recognizes it as an ocean, a ...

, the family is found worldwide.

Species

*Genus '' Onychoteuthis'' Lichtenstein, 1818 **''

Onychoteuthis banksii ''Onychoteuthis banksii'', the common clubhook squid, is a species of squid in the family Onychoteuthidae. It is the type species of the genus '' Onychoteuthis''. This species was thought to have a worldwide distribution but with the revision ...

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, 1817) – common clubhook squid **'' Onychoteuthis bergii''* Lichtenstein, 1818 **'' Onychoteuthis mollis''* Appelloef, 1891 **'' Onychoteuthis compacta''

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, 1913 **''

Onychoteuthis borealijaponica ''Onychoteuthis borealijaponica'', the boreal clubhook squid, is a species of squid in the family Onychoteuthidae. It is the largest member of the genus '' Onychoteuthis'', reaching a mantle length of 30 cm in males and 37 cm in female ...

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, 1927 – boreal clubhook squid **'' Onychoteuthis meridiopacifica'' Rancurel & Okutani, 1990 **''

Onychoteuthis lacrima ''Onychoteuthis'' is a genus of squid in the family Onychoteuthidae. The type species is '' Onychoteuthis bergii''. While the genus is found worldwide in tropical and subtropical oceans, they can also occur in the North Pacific Ocean. There w ...

'' Bolstad & Seki ''in'' Bolstad, 2008 **'' Onychoteuthis prolata'' Bolstad, Vecchione & Young ''in'' Bolstad, 2008 **'' Onychoteuthis horstkottei'' Bolstad, 2010 *Genus ''

Onykia ''Onykia'' is a genus of squids in the family Onychoteuthidae. Due to similarities between the genera, several recent authors consider the genus ''Moroteuthis'' a junior synonym of ''Onykia''. The type species is '' Onykia carriboea'', the tropi ...

'' Lesueur, 1821 (includes most species previously placed in ''Moroteuthis'') **Subgenus ''Onykia'' ***''

Onykia carriboea ''Onykia carriboea'', the tropical clubhook squid, is a squid in the family Onychoteuthidae, the type species of the genus ''Onykia''. It is known with certainty only from immature specimens. The type locality of ''O. carriboea'' is the Gulf of ...

'' Lesueur, 1821 – tropical clubhook squid ***''

'' ( Verrill, 1876) – robust clubhook squid ***''

Onykia loennbergii ''Onykia loennbergii'', the Japanese hooked squid, is a species of squid in the family Onychoteuthidae, named for Swedish zoologist Einar Lönnberg. It occurs in the Western Pacific Ocean, at an estimated depth of 230–1200 m. The mantle l ...

'' (Ishikawa & Wakiya, 1914) – Japanese hooked squid ***''

Onykia aequatorialis ''Onykia'' is a genus of squids in the family Onychoteuthidae. Due to similarities between the genera, several recent authors consider the genus ''Moroteuthis'' a junior synonym of ''Onykia''. The type species is '' Onykia carriboea'', the tropi ...

''* Thiele, 1920 ***''

Onykia robsoni ''Onykia robsoni'', the rugose hooked squid, is a species of squid in the family Onychoteuthidae. It occurs in the Antarctic Ocean, at an estimated depth of 250–550 meters. The mantle of this species grows to a length of 75 cm. The sp ...

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, 1962) – rugose hooked squid ***''

Onykia indica ''Onykia'' is a genus of squids in the family Onychoteuthidae. Due to similarities between the genera, several recent authors consider the genus ''Moroteuthis'' a junior synonym of ''Onykia''. The type species is '' Onykia carriboea'', the tropi ...

''* Okutani, 1981 **Subgenus ''Moroteuthopsis'' ***''

Onykia ingens ''Onykia ingens'', the greater hooked squid, is a species of squid in the family Onychoteuthidae. It occurs worldwide in subantarctic oceans. Although ''O. ingens'' was long attributed to the genus ''Moroteuthis'', several authors have recently ...

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, 1881) – greater hooked squid **''

incertae sedis ' () or ''problematica'' is a term used for a taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertaint ...

'' ***?'' Onykia appelloefi''* Pfeffer, 1900 *Genus '' Ancistroteuthis''

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, 1849 **'' Ancistroteuthis lichtensteinii'' ( Ferussac, 1835) – angel clubhook squid or angel squid *Genus '' Kondakovia'' Filippova, 1972 **''

Kondakovia longimana ''Moroteuthopsis longimana'', also known as the giant warty squid or longarm octopus squid,O'Shea, S. 2005''Kondakovia longimana'' In: Giant Squid and Colossal Squid Fact Sheet. The Octopus News Magazine Online. is a large species of hooked squid ...

'' Filippova, 1972 **'' Kondakovia nigmatullini'' Laptikhovsky, Arkhipkin & Bolstad, 2008 *Genus '' Notonykia'' Nesis, Roeleveld & Nikitina, 1998 **'' Notonykia africanae'' Nesis, Roeleveld & Nikitina, 1998 **'' Notonykia nesisi'' Bolstad, 2007 *Genus '' Filippovia'' Bolstad, 2010 **'' Filippovia knipovitchi'' (Filippova, 1972) – smooth hooked squid *Genus '' Walvisteuthis'' Nesis & Nikitina, 1986 **'' Walvisteuthis jeremiahi'' Vecchione, Sosnowski & Young, 2015 **'' Walvisteuthis rancureli'' (Okutani, 1981) **'' Walvisteuthis virilis'' Nesis & Nikitina, 1986 **'' Walvisteuthis youngorum'' (Bolstad, 2010) (*) indicates taxa requiring further taxonomic investigation

References

*Bolstad, K.S.R. 2008
Systematics of the Onychoteuthidae Gray, 1847 (Cephalopoda: Oegopsida)
Doctoral thesis. *Bolstad, K.S.R. 2010. Systematics of the Onychoteuthidae Gray, 1847 (Cephalopoda: Oegopsida). ''Zootaxa'' 2696: 1–186
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External links

Tree of Life: Onychoteuthidae

Onychoteuthidae discussion forum at TONMO.com
*Laptikhovsky, V.; Arkhipkin, A.; Bolstad, K.S. 2008
A second species of the squid genus ''Kondakovia'' (Cephalopoda: Onychoteuthidae) from the sub-Antarctic.
{{Taxonbar, from=Q3202623 Squid Taxa named by John Edward Gray