Hobby horse (toy)

A hobby horse (or hobby-horse) is a child's toy horse. Children played at riding a wooden hobby horse made of a straight stick with a small horse's head (of wood or stuffed fabric), and perhaps reins, attached to one end. The bottom end of the stick sometimes had a small wheel or wheels attached. This toy was also sometimes known as a cock horse (as in the nursery rhyme '' Ride a cock horse to Banbury Cross'') or stick horse.

Hobby horses feature in the worship of Rajasthani folk deity Baba Ramdevji, a reference to a story about his childhood; wooden toy horses are popular offerings at his temple at Ramdevra. They also figured in the public rites of the Romanian Călușari.

Hobby horsing as a sport became popular among young women in Finland and elsewhere in the 21st century.

Other meanings

A hobby horse is not always a riding-stick like the child's toy; larger hobby horses feature in some traditional seasonal customs (such as Mummers Plays and the Morris dance in England). They vary in size from a costume for one person to large frameworks carried by nine people.

From "hobby horse" (see Etymology, below) came the expression "to ride one's hobby-horse", meaning "to follow a favourite pastime", and in turn, the modern sense of the term ''hobby''.

The term is also connected to the ''draisine'', a forerunner of the bicycle, invented by Baron Karl von Drais. In 1818, a London coach-maker named Denis Johnson began producing an improved version, which was popularly known as the "hobby-horse".

The artistic movement Dada is possibly named after a French child's word for hobby-horse.

Etymology

The word ''hobby'' is glossed by the OED as "a small or middle-sized horse; an ambling or pacing horse; a pony." The word is attested in English from the 14th century, as Middle English ''hobyn''. Old French had ''hobin'' or ''haubby'', whence Modern French ''aubin'' and Italian ''ubino''. But the Old French term is apparently adopted from English rather than vice versa. OED connects it to "the by-name ''Hobin'', ''Hobby''", a variant of ''Robin''" (compare the abbreviation ''Hob'' for ''Robert''). This appears to have been a name customarily given to a cart-horse, as attested by White Kennett in his ''Parochial Antiquities'' (1695), who stated that "Our ploughmen to some one of their cart-horses generally give the name of Hobin, the very word which Philippe de Commines, Phil. Comines uses, Hist. VI. vii." Another familiar form of the same Christian name, ''Dobbin'' has also become a generic name for a cart-horse.

Samuel Johnson, ''Dictionary of the English Language'', 1755, glosses "A strong, active horse, of a middle size, said to have been originally from Ireland; an ambling nag."

Further use

Hobblers or hovellers were men who kept a light horse so that they may give swift warning of threatened invasion. (Old French, hober, to move up and down; our hobby, q.v.) In medieval times their duties were to reconnoiter, to carry intelligence, to harass stragglers, to act as spies, to intercept convoys, and to pursue fugitives. Henry Spelman (d. 1641) derived the word from "hobby".

Border horses, called hobblers or hobbies, were small and active and trained to cross the most difficult and boggy country "and to get over where our footmen could scarce dare to follow." - George MacDonald Fraser, ''The Steel Bonnets, The Story of the Anglo-Scottish Border Reivers''.

Hobby horse polo partly uses polo rules but has its own specialities, e.g. 'punitive sherries', and uses hobby horses instead of ponies. The hobby horse variant of polo started in 1998 as a fun sport in south western Germany and led in 2002 to the foundation of the First Kurfürstlich-Kurpfälzisch Polo-Club in Mannheim. It has since gained further interest in other German cities.

In the 21st century Hobby horsing became a popular sport among young women in Finland and spread to other countries.

File:Horae ad usum Parisiensem (ca. 1480) - Horse Toy.jpg, A stick horse in the parisian manuscript ''Horae ad usum Parisiense'', circa 1480.
File:Steckenpferd 1542.jpg, Woodcut illustration from Dryander, ''Der Arzney gemeiner Inhalt'', 1542
File:Pieter Bruegel d. Ä. 059.jpg, Detail from ''Children's Games'' by Pieter Bruegel the Elder, 1560
File:Prinzen Don Diego, Sohn König Philipps II. von Spanien und Königin Annas von Österreich.jpg, ''Portrait of the Infant Don Diego'' by Coello, 1577
File:Hobby-Horse.jpg, Child with a hobby horse
File:Mexican paper mache horses 02.jpg, Mexican papier-mâché hobby horses
File:Esteitäkeppihevosella2020.jpg, A hobby horse rider jumping
File:Käpphästar - Ystad 2024.jpg, A race with hobby horses in central Ystad in 2024.

See also

* 'Obby 'Oss festival

References

{{Authority control

Traditional toys
Wooden toys
Horse
Horses in art