Hermitian symmetry

In mathematical analysis, a Hermitian function is a complex function with the property that its complex conjugate is equal to the original function with the variable changed in sign:

:$f^*(x) = f(-x)$

(where the $^*$ indicates the complex conjugate) for all $x$ in the domain of $f$. In physics, this property is referred to as PT symmetry.

This definition extends also to functions of two or more variables, e.g., in the case that $f$ is a function of two variables it is Hermitian if

:$f^*(x_1, x_2) = f(-x_1, -x_2)$

for all pairs $(x_1, x_2)$ in the domain of $f$.

From this definition it follows immediately that: $f$ is a Hermitian function if and only if

* the real part of $f$ is an even function,
* the imaginary part of $f$ is an odd function.

Motivation

Hermitian functions appear frequently in mathematics, physics, and signal processing. For example, the following two statements follow from basic properties of the Fourier transform:

* The function $f$ is real-valued if and only if the Fourier transform of $f$ is Hermitian.
* The function $f$ is Hermitian if and only if the Fourier transform of $f$ is real-valued.

Since the Fourier transform of a real signal is guaranteed to be Hermitian, it can be compressed using the Hermitian even/odd symmetry. This, for example, allows the discrete Fourier transform of a signal (which is in general complex) to be stored in the same space as the original real signal.

* If ''f'' is Hermitian, then $f \star g = f*g$.

Where the $\star$ is cross-correlation, and $*$ is convolution.

* If both ''f'' and ''g'' are Hermitian, then $f \star g = g \star f$.

See also

*
*

Types of functions
Calculus

{{mathanalysis-stub