Henri Parinaud (1 May 1844, Bellac – 23 March 1905,Henri Parinaud
at Who Named It

Paris Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), ma ...

) was a French ophthalmologist and

neurologist Neurology (from el, νεῦρον (neûron), "string, nerve" and the suffix -logia, "study of") is the branch of medicine dealing with the diagnosis and treatment of all categories of conditions and disease involving the brain, the spinal c ...

, most noted for his work in the field of

neuro-ophthalmology Neuro-ophthalmology is an academically-oriented subspecialty that merges the fields of neurology and ophthalmology, often dealing with complex systemic diseases that have manifestations in the visual system. Neuro-ophthalmologists initially complet ...

Early life

Henri Parinaud was born into a lower-class family in 1844, and his father died when Henri was 19. He went on to study medicine at Limoges, and then in

in 1869. When the Franco-Prussian War broke out in 1870, he went to serve as a doctor with the

Red Cross The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement is a humanitarian movement with approximately 97 million volunteers, members and staff worldwide. It was founded to protect human life and health, to ensure respect for all human beings, and ...

, where he earned a medal for Unusual Bravery.Ophthalmologist and eponyms – Parinaud
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Medical career

After the war, Parinaud returned to Paris to continue his studies. His thesis for medical school was on

optic neuritis Optic neuritis describes any condition that causes inflammation of the optic nerve; it may be associated with demyelinating diseases, or infectious or inflammatory processes. It is also known as optic papillitis (when the head of the optic nerv ...

in acute meningitis in children, which earned him respect and recognition in the field. His other fields of work included multiple sclerosis, ophthalmoplegic migraine, hysteria, supranuclear lesions, and concomitant squint; all in the realm of

neurology Neurology (from el, νεῦρον (neûron), "string, nerve" and the suffix -logia, "study of") is the branch of medicine dealing with the diagnosis and treatment of all categories of conditions and disease involving the brain, the spinal ...

. Parinaud also worked in the physiology of vision, where he worked on role of the visual receptors, the light sense, night-blindness, and color vision.

Associated terms

He is well known for the medical term

Parinaud's syndrome Parinaud's syndrome is an inability to move the eyes up and down. It is caused by compression of the vertical gaze center at the rostral interstitial nucleus of medial longitudinal fasciculus (riMLF). The eyes lose the ability to move upward and ...

, which is, "a dorsal midbrain lesion such as

pinealoma A pinealoma is a tumor of the pineal gland, a part of the brain that produces melatonin. If a pinealoma destroys the cells of the pineal gland in a child, it can cause precocious puberty. Signs and symptoms The pineal gland produces the hormone me ...

which results in vertical gaze palsy, convergence-retraction

nystagmus Nystagmus is a condition of involuntary (or voluntary, in some cases) eye movement. Infants can be born with it but more commonly acquire it in infancy or later in life. In many cases it may result in reduced or limited vision. Due to the invol ...

and light-near dissociation". Another medical condition named after him is Parinaud's oculoglandular syndrome (fever, papillar

conjunctivitis Conjunctivitis, also known as pink eye, is inflammation of the outermost layer of the white part of the eye and the inner surface of the eyelid. It makes the eye appear pink or reddish. Pain, burning, scratchiness, or itchiness may occur. The ...

and lymphadenopathy), a rare manifestation of

cat scratch disease Cat-scratch disease (CSD) or felinosis is an infectious disease that most often results from a scratch or bite of a cat. Symptoms typically include a non-painful bump or blister at the site of injury and painful and swollen lymph nodes. People m ...

(caused by the bacteria ''

Bartonella ''Bartonella'' is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria. It is the only genus in the family Bartonellaceae. Facultative intracellular parasites, ''Bartonella'' species can infect healthy people, but are considered especially important as opportunis ...

''), which he was first to describe.

Notes

{{DEFAULTSORT:Parinaud, Henri 1844 births 1905 deaths People from Haute-Vienne French neurologists French ophthalmologists

Early life

Medical career

Associated terms

See also

Notes