Haya (''Oluhaya'';
Swahili: ''Kihaya'') is a
Bantu language spoken by the
Haya people
The Haya (or Bahaya) are a Bantu ethnic group based in Kagera Region, northwestern Tanzania, on the western side of Lake Victoria. With over one million people, it is estimated the Haya make up approximately 2% of the population of Tanzania. Hi ...
of
Tanzania
Tanzania (; ), officially the United Republic of Tanzania ( sw, Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania), is a country in East Africa within the African Great Lakes region. It borders Uganda to the north; Kenya to the northeast; Comoro Islands ...
, in the south and southwest coast of
Lake Victoria. In 1991, the population of Haya speakers was estimated at 1,200,000 peopl
Its closest relative is the
Nyambo language and it is also closely related to the languages of southwest Uganda such as
Nkore-Kiga
Nkore-Kiga is a language spoken by around 5,800,000 people living in the
extreme southwest of Uganda. It is often defined as two separate languages: Nkore and Kiga.
It is closely related to Runyoro-Rutooro.
History
Archibald Norman Tucker w ...
,
Rutooro
Tooro, or ''Rutooro'', is a Bantu language spoken mainly by the Toro people (''Batooro'') from the Toro Kingdom region of western Uganda. There are three main areas where Rutooro as a language is mainly used and they are Kabarole District, Kyenj ...
and
Runyoro
The Nyoro language (autonym: ''Runyoro'') is a Bantu language spoken by the Nyoro people of Uganda
}), is a landlocked country in East Africa. The country is bordered to the east by Kenya, to the north by South Sudan, to the west by th ...
which all form a group called
Rutara.
Maho (2009) classifies JE221 Rashi as closest to Haya. It has no
ISO 639-1
ISO 639-1:2002, ''Codes for the representation of names of languages—Part 1: Alpha-2 code'', is the first part of the ISO 639 series of international standards for language codes. Part 1 covers the registration of two-letter codes. There are 1 ...
or
ISO 639-2
ISO 639- 2:1998, ''Codes for the representation of names of languages — Part 2: Alpha-3 code'', is the second part of the ISO 639 standard, which lists codes for the representation of the names of languages. The three-letter codes given for ea ...
code, but is included in
ISO 639-3
ISO 639-3:2007, ''Codes for the representation of names of languages – Part 3: Alpha-3 code for comprehensive coverage of languages'', is an international standard for language codes in the ISO 639 series. It defines three-letter codes for ...
as
hay.
Phonology
Consonants
Vowels
When a high vowel /i, u/ precedes a non-high vowel, it is realized as an approximant sound
, w
Tones
Two tones are present in Haya; high /v́/ and low /v̀/.
Grammar
Tense
Haya has nine tenses. These are the
present progressive, the
present habitual, the
past habitual and the
perfect, alongside two future tenses and three past tenses. The future tense F
2 refers to the distant future whilst F
1 refers to the near future. P
1 refers to the most recent past - events that have occurred earlier in the day, P
2 refers to events that happened yesterday and P
3, the most distant past, refers to events that happened before yesterday.
See also
*Betbeder, Paul; Jones, John. 1949. A handbook of the Haya language. Bukoba (Tanganyika): White Fathers Printing Press.
*Byarushengo, Ernest Rugwa; Duranti, Alessandro; Hyman, Larry M
chael (Eds.) 1977. Haya grammatical structure: phonology, grammar, discourse. (Southern California occasional papers in linguistics (SCOPIL), no 6.) Los Angeles: Department of Linguistics, University of Southern California. Pp 213.
*Herrmann,
apitänC. 1904. Lusíba, die Sprache der Länder Kisíba, Bugábu, Kjamtwára, Kjánja und Ihángiro. Mitteilungen des Seminars für orientalische Sprachen, 7 (III. Abt.), pp. 150–200.
*Kaji, Shigeki. (Ed.) 1998. Haya. (Textbooks for language training.) Tokyo: Institute for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), Tokyo University of Foreign Studies.
*Kaji, Shigeki. 2000. Haya vocabulary. (Asian and African lexicon series, no 37.) Tokyo: Institute for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), Tokyo University of Foreign Studies. Pp 532.
*Kuijpers, Em. 1922. Grammaire de la langue haya. Boxtel (Hollande): Prokuur van de Witte Paters. Pp 294.
*Maho, Jouni & Bonny Sands. 2002. ''The languages of Tanzania: a bibliography''. (Orientalia et africana gothoburgensia, no 17.) Göteborg: Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis. Pp ix, 428.
*Rehse, Hermann. 1912/13. Die Sprache der Baziba in Deutsch-Ostafrika. Zeitschrift für Kolonialsprachen, 3, pp. 1–33, 81–123, 201–229.
References
External links
*https://web.archive.org/web/20061004195910/http://www.african.gu.se/tanzania/weblinks.html
*http://www.linguistics.berkeley.edu/CBOLD/Docs/TLS.html (This webpage contains a Haya wordlist.)
Great Lakes Bantu languages
{{Bantu-lang-stub