Harlan Cleveland (January 19, 1918 – May 30, 2008) was an American

diplomat A diplomat (from ; romanization, romanized ''diploma'') is a person appointed by a state (polity), state, International organization, intergovernmental, or Non-governmental organization, nongovernmental institution to conduct diplomacy with one ...

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, and

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. He served as

Lyndon B. Johnson Lyndon Baines Johnson (; August 27, 1908January 22, 1973), also known as LBJ, was the 36th president of the United States, serving from 1963 to 1969. He became president after the assassination of John F. Kennedy, under whom he had served a ...

's U.S. Ambassador to NATO from 1965 to 1969, and earlier as U.S. Assistant Secretary of State for International Organization Affairs from 1961 to 1965. He was president of the

University of Hawaii A university () is an educational institution, institution of tertiary education and research which awards academic degrees in several Discipline (academia), academic disciplines. ''University'' is derived from the Latin phrase , which roughly ...

from 1969 to 1974, president of the World Academy of Art and Science in the 1990s, and Founding dean of the

University of Minnesota The University of Minnesota Twin Cities (historically known as University of Minnesota) is a public university, public Land-grant university, land-grant research university in the Minneapolis–Saint Paul, Twin Cities of Minneapolis and Saint ...

's Hubert H. Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs. Cleveland also served as dean of the

Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs The Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs (Maxwell School) is the professional public policy school of Syracuse University, a private research university in Syracuse, New York. The school is organized in 11 academic departments and 1 ...

Syracuse University Syracuse University (informally 'Cuse or SU) is a Private university, private research university in Syracuse, New York, United States. It was established in 1870 with roots in the Methodist Episcopal Church but has been nonsectarian since 1920 ...

from 1956 to 1961.

Early life and education

He was born on January 19, 1918 in

New York City New York, often called New York City (NYC), is the most populous city in the United States, located at the southern tip of New York State on one of the world's largest natural harbors. The city comprises five boroughs, each coextensive w ...

, to Stanley Matthews Cleveland and Marian Van Buren. His siblings were Harold van Buren Cleveland (who became an economist), Anne Cleveland White (who became an artist), and Stanley Cleveland (who became a diplomat). Cleveland's father died when he was eight years old, after which the family moved to

Geneva Geneva ( , ; ) ; ; . is the List of cities in Switzerland, second-most populous city in Switzerland and the most populous in French-speaking Romandy. Situated in the southwest of the country, where the Rhône exits Lake Geneva, it is the ca ...

Switzerland Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a landlocked country located in west-central Europe. It is bordered by Italy to the south, France to the west, Germany to the north, and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east. Switzerland ...

, where he attended school and learned French. Upon returning to the states, Cleveland attended Phillips Andover Academy from 1931 to 1934, and graduated from

Princeton University Princeton University is a private university, private Ivy League research university in Princeton, New Jersey, United States. Founded in 1746 in Elizabeth, New Jersey, Elizabeth as the College of New Jersey, Princeton is the List of Colonial ...

in 1938. He was a

Rhodes Scholar The Rhodes Scholarship is an international Postgraduate education, postgraduate award for students to study at the University of Oxford in Oxford, United Kingdom. The scholarship is open to people from all backgrounds around the world. Esta ...

Oxford University The University of Oxford is a collegiate research university in Oxford, England. There is evidence of teaching as early as 1096, making it the oldest university in the English-speaking world and the second-oldest continuously operating u ...

in 1938 and 1939, where one of his teachers was

Harold Wilson James Harold Wilson, Baron Wilson of Rievaulx (11 March 1916 – 23 May 1995) was a British statesman and Labour Party (UK), Labour Party politician who twice served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, from 1964 to 1970 and again from 197 ...

. When

World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...

broke out, Cleveland returned to the States.

Career

Cleveland's career included periods of service as an American

and as an

, as well as significant productivity as a writer and book

. In 1953, he became executive director and later publisher of The Reporter. He served as dean of the

from 1956 to 1961. He was appointed the U.S. Assistant Secretary of State for International Organization Affairs under Presidents John F. Kennedy and

from 1961 to 1965, and then as President Johnson's U.S. Ambassador to NATO from 1965 to 1969. Cleveland went on to serve as president of the

from 1969 to 1974, a period that saw university's addition of an international astronomy project, a law school, and a medical school.Alt URL
/ref> Cleveland was an early advocate and practitioner of

online education Distance education, also known as distance learning, is the education of students who may not always be physically present at school, or where the learner and the teacher are separated in both time and distance; today, it usually involves online ...

, teaching courses for the Western Behavioral Sciences Institute (WBSI), and Connected Education in the 1980s and early 1990s. and he was elected president of the World Academy of Art and Science in the 1990s. Cleveland was and the founding dean of the

's Hubert H. Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs. Cleveland is credited with coining the term '' coalition of the willing''.

International Commission on Peace & Food

Cleveland participated in the final meeting of the International Commission on Peace & Food (ICPF) at the Carter Presidential Center in October 1993, and released ICPF's report to the UN entitled, "Uncommon Opportunities: Agenda for Peace & Equitable Development" at the Minneapolis General Assembly in October 1994. He then served as chair of the commission's successor organization, the "International Center for Peace and Development" (ICPD) in California, for the remainder of his active years. Cleveland represented both the ICPD and World Academy of Art & Science (WAAS) at the 10th anniversary conference of ICPF in Delhi in October 2004.

Writing

Cleveland authored twelve books, among his best-known are ''The Knowledge Executive'' (1985) and ''Nobody in Charge: Essays on the Future of Leadership'' (2002). He also published hundreds of journal and magazine articles, including the final chapter of ‘’The Bretton Woods-GATT System Retrospect and Prospect After Fifty Years’’ (1996). Cleveland's final published work was the opening chapter for "Creating a Learning Culture: Strategy, Technology, and Practice" (2004) entitled, "Leading and learning with nobody in charge."

Awards and recognition

Cleveland was elected as a Fellow of the World Academy of Art & Science (WAAS), and as a member of the

Club of Rome The Club of Rome is a nonprofit, informal organization of intellectuals and business leaders whose goal is a critical discussion of pressing list of global issues, global issues. The Club of Rome was founded in 1968 at Accademia dei Lincei in R ...

during the 1980s. He was the co-winner (with

Bertrand de Jouvenel Bertrand de Jouvenel des Ursins (; 31 October 1903 – 1 March 1987) was a French philosopher, political economist, and futurist. He taught at the University of Oxford, the University of Cambridge, the University of Manchester, Yale University, ...

) of the 1981 Prix de Talloires, a Swiss award that heralded him as an "accomplished generalist." Cleveland was the recipient of the U.S.

Presidential Medal of Freedom The Presidential Medal of Freedom is the highest civilian award of the United States, alongside the Congressional Gold Medal. It is an award bestowed by decision of the president of the United States to "any person recommended to the President ...

, Princeton University's Woodrow Wilson Award in 1968, the

Peace Corps The Peace Corps is an Independent agency of the U.S. government, independent agency and program of the United States government that trains and deploys volunteers to communities in partner countries around the world. It was established in Marc ...

' Leader for Peace Award, and the

American Whig-Cliosophic Society American(s) may refer to: * American, something of, from, or related to the United States of America, commonly known as the "United States" or "America" ** Americans, citizens and nationals of the United States of America ** American ancestry, ...

's James Madison Award for Distinguished Public Service in 1965. He was named as trustee of the Chaordic Commons in the early 2000s, and was the recipient of 22 honorary degrees.

Personal life

A childhood accident left Cleveland blind in one eye, disqualifying him from military service. Cleveland served actively in the World Academy of Art & Science (WAAS) and the

for more than a quarter century. Cleveland was married with three children. He died at the age of 90 on May 30, 2008, in Sterling, Virginia outside of Washington, D.C.

References

External links

Club of Rome
* InO

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Cleveland, Harlan 1918 births 2008 deaths Writers from New York City American futurologists category:Knowledge management Princeton University alumni American Rhodes Scholars Permanent representatives of the United States to NATO Presidents of the University of Hawaii System Leaders of the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients 20th-century American male writers Syracuse University faculty 20th-century American academics