Harderwijk (;

Dutch Low Saxon Dutch Low Saxon ( or ''Nederlaands Nedersaksies''; nl, Nederlands Nedersaksisch) are the Low Saxon dialects of the Low German language that are spoken in the northeastern Netherlands and are written there with local, unstandardised orthographie ...

: ) is a

municipality A municipality is usually a single administrative division having corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. The term ''municipality'' may also mean the go ...

and city of the

Netherlands ) , anthem = ( en, "William of Nassau") , image_map = , map_caption = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = Kingdom of the Netherlands , established_title = Before independence , established_date = Spanish Netherl ...

. It is served by the Harderwijk railway station. Its population centres are Harderwijk and Hierden. Harderwijk is on the western boundary of the

Veluwe The Veluwe () is a forest-rich ridge of hills (1100 km2) in the province of Gelderland in the Netherlands. The Veluwe features many different landscapes, including woodland, heath, some small lakes and Europe's largest sand drifts. The Ve ...

. The southeastern half of the municipality is largely forests.

History

Harderwijk received city rights from Count Otto II of Guelders in 1231. A defensive wall surrounding the city was completed by the end of that century. The oldest part of the city is near where the streets Hoogstraat and Grote Poortstraat now are. Around 1315 the city was expanded southwards, which included the construction of what is now called the Grote Kerk (Great Church). A second, northward expansion took place around 1425. Particularly along the west side of town, much of the wall still exists but often not in entirely original form. That also goes for the only remaining city gate, the Vischpoort (Fish Gate). Between 1648 and 1811, the

University of Harderwijk The University of Harderwijk (1648–1811), also named the ''Guelders Academy'' ( la, Academia Gelro-Zutphanica), was located in the city Harderwijk, in the Republic of the United Provinces (now: the Netherlands). It was founded by the province ...

operated in the city. The Swedish botanist, physician and zoologist,

Carl Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his Nobility#Ennoblement, ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné#Blunt, Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalise ...

graduated at this university. The university, together with the universities of

Zutphen Zutphen () is a city and municipality located in the province of Gelderland, Netherlands. It lies some 30 km northeast of Arnhem, on the eastern bank of the river Ijssel at the point where it is joined by the Berkel. First mentioned in th ...

and

Franeker Franeker (; fry, Frjentsjer) is one of the eleven historical cities of Friesland and capital of the municipality of Waadhoeke. It is located north of the Van Harinxmakanaal and about 20 km west of Leeuwarden. As of 1 January 2014, it had 12 ...

, was abolished by

Napoleon Napoleon Bonaparte ; it, Napoleone Bonaparte, ; co, Napulione Buonaparte. (born Napoleone Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military commander and political leader who ...

. Harderwijk was a member of the Hanseatic League. It lies on what used to be the

Zuiderzee The Zuiderzee or Zuider Zee (; old spelling ''Zuyderzee'' or ''Zuyder Zee'') was a shallow bay of the North Sea in the northwest of the Netherlands, extending about 100 km (60 miles) inland and at most 50 km (30 miles) wide, with an o ...

shore (Southern Sea, now the IJsselmeer) and consequently its economy was strongly based on fishing and seafaring in general. That dramatically changed after 1932, when the Zuiderzee was cut off from the

North Sea The North Sea lies between Great Britain, Norway, Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands and Belgium. An epeiric sea, epeiric sea on the European continental shelf, it connects to the Atlantic Ocean through the English Channel in the south and the ...

for safety reasons. Few fishing boats thus now remain in the Harbour, which now is home mainly to yachts. An annual event illustrating the former importance of the fishing industry to Harderwijk is ''Aaltjesdag'', which translates to ''

Eel Eels are ray-finned fish belonging to the order Anguilliformes (), which consists of eight suborders, 19 families, 111 genera, and about 800 species. Eels undergo considerable development from the early larval stage to the eventual adult stage ...

day''. Fish can still be bought at stands and restaurants on the boulevard throughout the year except for the winter months. Tourists are common customers, but local people no longer make their living from the fisheries. Today, Harderwijk is probably known best for the Dolfinarium Harderwijk, a

marine mammal park A marine mammal park (also known as marine animal park and sometimes oceanarium) is a commercial theme park or aquarium where marine mammals such as dolphins, beluga whales and sea lions are kept within water tanks and displayed to the publ ...

where dolphin shows are held and various other marine mammals and fish are kept.

Notable residents

* Henriëtte van der Meij (1850-1945) early Dutch feminist and journalist *

Theo de Meester Theodoor Herman "Theo" de Meester (16 December 1851 – 27 December 1919) was a Dutch politician of the defunct Liberal Union (LU) now merged into the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) and economist. He served as Prime Minister of ...

(1851–1919), politician and

Prime Minister A prime minister, premier or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. Under those systems, a prime minister i ...

1905-1908 * Johan Mekkes (1898–1987) a Dutch reformational philosopher * Dirk Rijnders (1909–2006), politician * A. H. J. Prins (1921–2000) a Dutch Africanist and maritime anthropologist *

Herman Bouma Herman Bouma (born 15 March 1934) is a Dutch vision researcher and gerontechnologist. He is considered to be one of the founders of the field of gerontechnology. He spent the majority of his career at the Institute of Perception Research, serving as ...

(born 1934) a Dutch vision researcher and gerontechnologist *

Henk Schiffmacher Hendrikus Johannes Everhardus "Henk" Schiffmacher (born 22 March 1952), also known as Hanky Panky, is a Dutch tattoo artist. He is considered an expert within the field of body decoration, having curated exhibitions, written books, and presented ...

(1952), a Dutch tattoo artist * Harry van den Brink (born 1961) commander of the

Royal Marechaussee The Royal Netherlands Marechaussee ( nl, Koninklijke Marechaussee, abbreviated to KMar) is the national gendarmerie force of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, performing military and civilian police duties. It is also one of the two national pol ...

* Roef Ragas (1965–2007), actor IMDb Database
retrieved 10 March 2020 *

Joost Eerdmans Bernard Johannes "Joost" Eerdmans (born 9 January 1971) is a Dutch politician, broadcaster and former civil servant who has served as Leader of JA21 since 18 December 2020, a party he co-founded with Annabel Nanninga. Elected to the House of R ...

(1971), TV host & politician

Sport

* Marco Roelofsen (1968), Dutch football midfielder * Richard Roelofsen (1969), Dutch football striker, over 430 club caps *

Henk Timmer Hendrik Timmer (born 3 December 1971) is a Dutch former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. Club career Timmer was born in Hierden, Harderwijk, Gelderland. He spent his first 11 senior seasons in the second division, with FC Zw ...

(1971), Dutch football goalkeeper with 522 club caps * Liesbeth Migchelsen (born 1971) a Dutch former footballer, played for the Netherlands women's national football team 95 times * Marianne Timmer (1974), speedskater, twice gold medallist at the

1998 Winter Olympics The 1998 Winter Olympics, officially known as the and commonly known as Nagano 1998 ( ja, 長野1998), was a winter multi-sport event held from 7 to 22 February 1998, mainly in Nagano, Japan, with some events taking place in the ...

Jan Bos Jan Bos (born 29 March 1975) is a Dutch former speedskater and sprint cyclist. In the late 1990s he was world champion in speed skating and he competed in the 1998, 2002, 2006 and 2010 Winter Olympics. Speed skater In 1998 Bos both became the w ...

(1975), speedskater, twice silver medallist at the

1998 1998 was designated as the ''International Year of the Ocean''. Events January * January 6 – The ''Lunar Prospector'' spacecraft is launched into orbit around the Moon, and later finds evidence for frozen water, in soil in permanently s ...

and

2002 Winter Olympics The 2002 Winter Olympics, officially the XIX Olympic Winter Games and commonly known as Salt Lake 2002 ( arp, Niico'ooowu' 2002; Gosiute Shoshoni: ''Tit'-so-pi 2002''; nv, Sooléí 2002; Shoshoni: ''Soónkahni 2002''), was an internation ...

* Monique Jansen (born 1978) a Dutch discus thrower, competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics *

Theo Bos Theo Bos (born 22 August 1983) is a Dutch former professional road and track cyclist. An Olympic silver medalist and five-time world champion, he is the brother of Olympic medalist in speed skating Jan Bos. On 29 November 2021, he announced ...

(1983), cyclist, silver medallist at the 2004 Summer Olympics * Annemarie Worst (born 1995) a Dutch mountain-bike and cyclo-cross cyclist * Lisa Kruger (born 2000) a Dutch paralympic swimmer

Gallery

Image:Blaeu 1652 - Harderwijk.jpg, Map of Harderwijk (''Blaeu's Toonneel der Steden'', by Willem and Joan Blaeu, 1652. Note that north is at the bottom of the map. Image:Harderwijk 03-06-2006 19.13.02.JPG, Harderwijk, church: de Grote Kerk Image:2007-03-11 13.31 Harderwijk, stadspoort aan kant van Veluwemeer foto1.JPG, Harderwijk, gate: de Vischpoort File:Harderwijk, de Vischmarkt foto4 2013-07-15 13.04.jpg, Harderwijk, view of a street: de Vischmarkt (Fish Market) File:Harderwijk, stadszicht vanaf het Zeepad IMG 4332 2018-06-27 15.00.jpg, Harderwijk, view to the town from het Zeepad File:Harderwijk, muurrestanten + kanon + Sint Catharinakerk RM20204 foto7 2013-07-15 12.41.jpg, Harderwijk, defensive wall, cannon and church tower Image:Harderwijk, windkorenmolen De Hoop RM511958 IMG 4353 2018-06-27 15.16.jpg, Harderwijk, windmill File:Harderwijk, het Linnaeustorentje RM20154 foto7 2013-07-15 12.36.jpg, Harderwijk: het Linnaeustorentje (the Linnaeus tower)

References

Footnotes

Bibliography

External links

* * {{Authority control Municipalities of Gelderland Populated places in Gelderland