Harald Julius Alfred Carl-Ludwig Schultz-Hencke (18 August 1892,

Berlin Berlin ( ; ) is the Capital of Germany, capital and largest city of Germany, by both area and List of cities in Germany by population, population. With 3.7 million inhabitants, it has the List of cities in the European Union by population withi ...

– 23 May 1953, Berlin) was a German

psychiatrist A psychiatrist is a physician who specializes in psychiatry. Psychiatrists are physicians who evaluate patients to determine whether their symptoms are the result of a physical illness, a combination of physical and mental ailments or strictly ...

and

psychotherapist Psychotherapy (also psychological therapy, talk therapy, or talking therapy) is the use of Psychology, psychological methods, particularly when based on regular Conversation, personal interaction, to help a person change behavior, increase hap ...

. After an initial introduction to psychoanalysis, with Sandor Rado as psychoanalyst, he was excluded from the German Society of Psychoanalysis because of, among other things, his divergent views on sexuality. Schultze-Hencke was the son of Dankmar Schultz-Henke, a chemist who was the founder of the photographic institute at the Lette-Verein, and Rosa Zingler, a graphologist who had written the libretto to the opera ''Die Sibylle von Tivoli'' by Alfred Sormann and who was rumoured to be an illegitimate daughter of King

Edward VII Edward VII (Albert Edward; 9 November 1841 – 6 May 1910) was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Emperor of India, from 22 January 1901 until Death and state funeral of Edward VII, his death in 1910. The second child ...

.International Dictionary of Psychoanalysis: "Schultz-Hencke, Harald Julius Alfred Carl-Ludwig (1892–1953)", Thomson Gale, 2005

Career in psychotherapy

In 1933, like several non-Jewish psychotherapists (Felix Julius Boehm, Carl Müller-Braunschweig and Werner Kemper) he helped set up the " Göring Institute" (named after Matthias Göring), which was closely linked to the

Nazi regime Nazi Germany, officially known as the German Reich and later the Greater German Reich, was the German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a totalitarian dictat ...

and promoted a “New German soul medicine," a psychotherapy for Germans. After the war, his participation in this institute created controversy in professional circles such as the International Psychoanalytical Association. With other psychotherapists and analysts who had left or had been excluded from other psychoanalytic organizations, he started the DPV (Deutsche Psychoanalytische Vereinigung). After numerous debates regarding whether or not these analysts should join the International Psychoanalytical Association, Schultz-Hencke, who had long been in disagreement with the basic tenets of Freudian theory, created " Neopsychanalyse." "Neopsychanalyse" or neopsychoanalysis is a psychotherapeutic technique thus named by Schultz-Hencke.

Influence of Leibnizian symbolic thought

In one of his books, Schultz-Hencke had asserted that all psychotherapy should be submitted to the Leibnizian principle that "all science must be expressed in mathematical terms." This implies that even a young science must strive towards this goal. In this perspective, Schultz-Hencke analyzed all Freudian concepts and eliminated all those that do not respond to this precept, or that, according to him, could never respond to it, such as infantile sexuality, etc. So, in a way, the dualistic view of Freudian psychoanalysis is challenged in favor of a monistic view (and thus does not include notions of conflict between psychic entities, etc.). Schultz-Hencke also wanted to subject the

Oedipus complex In classical psychoanalytic theory, the Oedipus complex is a son's sexual attitude towards his mother and concomitant hostility toward his father, first formed during the phallic stage of psychosexual development. A daughter's attitude of desire ...

statistical Statistics (from German language, German: ', "description of a State (polity), state, a country") is the discipline that concerns the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data. In applying statistics to a s ...

studies. To some extent, this criticism joined that of

Karl Popper Sir Karl Raimund Popper (28 July 1902 – 17 September 1994) was an Austrian–British philosopher, academic and social commentator. One of the 20th century's most influential philosophers of science, Popper is known for his rejection of the ...

and other more modern scientists who, before anything else, advocated quantitative analysis and, thus, statistics. The treatment technique advocated by Schultz-Hencke was subsequently developed by Helmut Bach, among others, who progressively demarcated the ideas of its founder to create a "psychoanalysis" within the limits of practices imposed by the IPA; psychotherapists such as Franz Alexander, Karen Horney, René Laforgue, and

Erich Fromm Erich Seligmann Fromm (; ; March 23, 1900 – March 18, 1980) was a German-American social psychologist, psychoanalyst, sociologist, humanistic philosopher, and democratic socialist. He was a German Jew who fled the Nazi regime and set ...

have contributed significantly to this endeavor.

Publications (selected)

*1917: ''Der Einfluß des militärischen Kriegsdienstes auf die progressive Paralyse''. - Freiburg i. B. : Speyer & Kaerner *1920: ''Der Sinn unserer Zeit und die freien Volkshochschulen als Vorkämpfer neuen Bildungswesens : Grundsätzliches z. Revolutionierung von Schule u. Unterricht'', Berlin-Wilmersdorf: Volkshaus-Verlag *1927: ''Einführung in die Psychoanalyse''; Jena: G. Fischer *1931: ''Schicksal und Neurose : Versuch e. Neurosenlehre vom Bewusstsein her'', Jena: Fischer *1940: ''Der gehemmte Mensch : Entwurf eines Lehrbuches der Neo-Psychoanalyse'', Stuttgart: Thieme, 6. unveränd. Auflage, Stuttgart 1989, *1949: ''Lehrbuch der Traumanalyse.'' Stuttgart: G. Thieme

References

Sources

* Alain de Mijolla (ed.). ''International Dictionary of Psychoanalysis'', 3rd vol.: "Schultz-Hencke, Harald Julius Alfred Carl-Ludwig (1892–1953)", Macmillan Reference Books, * Cocks, Geoffrey. (1985). ''Psychotherapy in the Third Reich: The Göring Institute'' (2nd ed). New York: Oxford University Press * Theilemann, Steffen, ''Harald Schultz-Hencke und die Freideutsche Jugend: biografie bis 1921 und die Geschichte einer Bewegung'' (Giessen: Psychosozial-Verlag, 2018) . {{DEFAULTSORT:Schultz-Hencke, Harald 1892 births 1953 deaths German psychiatrists Analysands of Sándor Radó 20th-century German psychologists