Haigerloch is a town in the north-western part of the
Swabian Alb in
Germany
Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...
.
Geography
Geographical location
Haigerloch lies at between 430 and 550 metres elevation in the valley of the
Eyach river, which forms two loops in a steep
shelly limestone
Shelly limestone is a highly fossiliferous limestone, composed of a number of fossilized organisms such as brachiopods, bryozoans, crinoids, sponges, corals and mollusks. It varies in color, texture and hardness. Coquina is a poorly indurated f ...
valley. The town is therefore also called the 'Felsenstädtchen' (rocky/cliffy small town).
Neighbouring municipalities
Haigerloch's neighbouring municipalities are specified below in clockwise order from the north, and belong to the
Zollernalbkreis
The Zollernalbkreis is a ''Landkreis'' (district) in the middle of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. The district is located in the Swabian Alb, and contains the second highest elevation of this range, the high '' Oberhohenberg''. In the south-east ...
unless indicated.
Starzach ¹,
Rangendingen
Rangendingen is a municipality of the Zollernalbkreis district, in Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
History
The Abbey of Saint Gall gained possession of Rangendingen around 800 AD. In the 16th century, the town became a possession of the Principalit ...
,
Grosselfingen
Grosselfingen is a town in the Zollernalbkreis district, in Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
History
In the first half of the 14th century, the village of Grosselfingen was a possession of the Lordship of Haimburg, a fief of the County of Hohenberg ...
,
Balingen
Balingen (; Swabian: ''Balenga'') is a town in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, capital of the district of Zollernalbkreis. It is located near the Swabian Jura, approx. 35 km to the south of Tübingen, 35 km northeast of Villingen-Schwenn ...
,
Geislingen,
Rosenfeld,
Sulz am Neckar ²,
Empfingen ³ and
Horb am Neckar
Horb am Neckar is a town in the southwest of the German state of Baden-Württemberg. It is located on the Neckar river, between Offenburg to the west (about away) and Tübingen to the east (about away). It has around 25,000 inhabitants, of whom ...
³.
¹ Landkreis Tübingen, ² Landkreis Rottweil, ³ Landkreis Freudenstadt
Districts
Haigerloch consists of the following nine districts:
* Bad Imnau
* Bittelbronn
* Gruol
* Hart
* Haigerloch
* Owingen
* Stetten
* Trillfingen
* Weildorf
It is located 397 m above sea level. NN and has 572 inhabitants (31 December 2011). Bad Imnau was incorporated on 1 August 1973 town Haigerloch.
History
The city came in 1381 with the reign Haigerloch to the Habsburgs, the fief passed it in the 15th century to the lords of Weitingen. In 1516 Imnau was sold to the Count of Zollern.
Imnau had inhabitants:
*1824 440,
*1836 591
*1890 507
Mineral resources
In 1700, the physician Samuel Caspar discovered small pots source in the valley of the Eyach. 1733 Prince source was exposed, which is named after Prince Joseph Friedrich von Hohenzollern.
In 1905, the Apollo-source was taken in by the family Imnau Pope, which was sold to Commerce Carl Haegele in the following year.
History
The first documented mention of Haigerloch was in the year 1095 on the occasion of the gift of the local castle. This castle was probably located in the area around the Upper Town. By 1200 the
Counts of Hohenberg appear as the local lords and build a new castle on the Schlossberg. The lower town evolved into a market town.
Rudolf I
Rudolf I (1 May 1218 – 15 July 1291) was the first King of Germany from the House of Habsburg. The first of the count-kings of Germany, he reigned from 1273 until his death.
Rudolf's election marked the end of the Great Interregnum which h ...
, a brother-in-law of
Albert II Von Hohenberg-Haigerloch, awarded the town charter to Haigerloch before 1231. In 1268 a battle was fought just outside the city between
Zollern and Hohenberg. In 1291 the city was besieged by
Count Eberhard I of Württemberg; in 1347 the town was besieged again. From 1356 onward the upper town and lower town were administratively separated, but were reunited when the lordship of Haigerloch was sold to Austria in 1381. The Habsburgs pawned the property on several occasions, including to the Counts of Württemberg.
In 1487 rule of the city fell to the
Hohenzollern. In 1567 under
Christoph von Hohenzollern-Haigerloch the area around Haigerloch was an independent territory within the area of the
Holy Roman Empire
The Holy Roman Empire was a political entity in Western, Central, and Southern Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its dissolution in 1806 during the Napoleonic Wars.
From the accession of Otto I in 962 ...
as ''Hohenzollern-Haigerloch''. In this period, the present castle complex was built on the Schlossberg as the residence of the counts of Hohenzollern-Haigerloch, replacing the former high-medieval structure. In 1634 rule of the city descended to the line of ''Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen'', whose residence city was the city of Haigerloch between 1737 and 1769.
In the last months of
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing ...
, Haigerloch was the location of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Physics, part of the
German nuclear programme, which had the goal of achieving practical use of
nuclear fission. According to current view the
atomic bomb was not a direct objective of this work, but initially only the construction of the Haigerloch Research Reactor (
Forschungsreaktor Haigerloch), which was constructed in a beer cellar beneath the palace church. Through courageous negotiations by the pastor to rescue the reactor facility it was spared from demolition by an American command on April 24, 1945, and today is the site of the ' with a replica of the reactor.
Politics
Local council
In the local council election of 13 June 2004, the result was:
*
CDU - 15 seats
*
FWV - 9 seats
* Social Ecologist List - 4 seats
Culture and objects of interest
Haigerloch lies on the Ferienstraße (holiday road) and on the Hohenzollernstraße.
Museums
* (atomic cellar museum), former
research reactor
Research reactors are nuclear fission-based nuclear reactors that serve primarily as a neutron source. They are also called non-power reactors, in contrast to power reactors that are used for electricity production, heat generation, or marit ...
during
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing ...
* , former synagogue
Notable buildings
* Atomic cellar in the rock under the castle church
* Roman tower (Römerturm)
* Lower part of town church
*
* Former synagogue
Partnerships between cities
*
Noyal-sur-Vilaine, France
*
Sokobanja
Sokobanja ( sr-cyr, Сокобања, ) is a spa town and municipality located in the Zaječar District of the eastern Serbia. As of 2011, the population of the town is 7,982, while population of the municipality is 16,021.
Geography
Sokobanja ...
, Serbia
Economics and infrastructure
Roads
The L410 connects the city with Rangendingen to the east. The L360 forms the feeder, along with the federal highway B463, to the A81 motorway.
Local industry
One of the few
rock salt
Halite (), commonly known as rock salt, is a type of salt, the mineral (natural) form of sodium chloride ( Na Cl). Halite forms isometric crystals. The mineral is typically colorless or white, but may also be light blue, dark blue, purple, pi ...
mines still active in Germany is in the Stetten quarter. Salt has been extracted here since 1854.
Mine
/ref>
Notable people
* Salomon Schweigger
Salomon Schweigger (also spelled Solomon Schweiger) (30 March 1551 – 21 June 1622) was a German Lutheran theologian, minister, anthropologist and orientalist of the 16th century. He provided a valuable insight during his travels in the B ...
(1551–1622), evangelic parson and traveller to the Orient
* Christoph, Count of Hohenzollern-Haigerloch
Count Christoph of Hohenzollern-Haigerloch (20 March 1552 in Haigerloch – 21 April 1592, Haigerloch) was the first Count of Hohenzollern-Haigerloch.
Life
Christoph was the third surviving son of Count Karl I of Hohenzollern (1516-1576) fro ...
(1552–1592), first Count of Hohenzollern-Haigerloch
* Johann Christoph, Count of Hohenzollern-Haigerloch
Johann Christoph, Count of Hohenzollern-Haigerloch (1586 in Haigerloch – 1620 in Haigerloch) was the second Count of Hohenzollern-Haigerloch.
Life
Johann Christoph was the eldest son of Count Christoph of Hohenzollern-Haigerloch, from h ...
(1586–1620), second Earl of Hohenzollern-Haigerloch
* Charles, Count of Hohenzollern-Haigerloch
Karl, Count of Hohenzollern-Haigerloch (1588 in Haigerloch – 9 March 1634 in Überlingen) was the third Count of Hohenzollern-Haigerloch.
Life
Karl was the second son of Count Christoph of Hohenzollern-Haigerloch from his marriage to Ka ...
(1588–1634), third Earl of Hohenzollern-Haigerloch
* Franz Christoph Anton, Count of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen
Franz Christoph Anton, Count of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (16 January 1699 in Haigerloch – 23 November 1767 in Cologne) was a member of the House of Hohenzollern. He was canon of several cathedral chapters and also first minister of the Pr ...
(1699–1767), Canon, First Minister of the Electorate of Cologne
* (1718–1782), architect of the late Baroque
* (1807–1876), conductor, choirmaster and composer
* Father Desiderius Lenz, born Peter Lenz (1832–1928), painter and founder of the Beuron School of Art
* (1877–1944), born in Weildorf, politician (center), member of the Reichstag
* (1886–1931), writer
* Karl Hurm( 1930–2019), a contemporary German painter.
References
* This is a translation of the German wiki page :de:Haigerloch
External links
*
{{Authority control
Nuclear program of Nazi Germany