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HD 209458 is an 8th-
magnitude Magnitude may refer to: Mathematics * Euclidean vector, a quantity defined by both its magnitude and its direction *Magnitude (mathematics), the relative size of an object *Norm (mathematics), a term for the size or length of a vector *Order o ...
star A star is an astronomical object comprising a luminous spheroid of plasma held together by its gravity. The nearest star to Earth is the Sun. Many other stars are visible to the naked eye at night, but their immense distances from Eart ...
in the
constellation A constellation is an area on the celestial sphere in which a group of visible stars forms a perceived pattern or outline, typically representing an animal, mythological subject, or inanimate object. The origins of the earliest constellation ...
Pegasus Pegasus ( grc-gre, Πήγασος, Pḗgasos; la, Pegasus, Pegasos) is one of the best known creatures in Greek mythology. He is a winged divine stallion usually depicted as pure white in color. He was sired by Poseidon, in his role as ho ...
. It is a G0V star, and is thus very similar to the
Sun The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System. It is a nearly perfect ball of hot plasma, heated to incandescence by nuclear fusion reactions in its core. The Sun radiates this energy mainly as light, ultraviolet, and infrare ...
. Because it is located at a distance of about 159
light year A light-year, alternatively spelled light year, is a large unit of length used to express astronomical distances and is equivalent to about 9.46 trillion kilometers (), or 5.88 trillion miles ().One trillion here is taken to be 1012 ...
s, it is not visible to the unaided eye. With good
binoculars Binoculars or field glasses are two refracting telescopes mounted side-by-side and aligned to point in the same direction, allowing the viewer to use both eyes (binocular vision) when viewing distant objects. Most binoculars are sized to be held ...
or small
telescope A telescope is a device used to observe distant objects by their emission, absorption, or reflection of electromagnetic radiation. Originally meaning only an optical instrument using lenses, curved mirrors, or a combination of both to obs ...
it should be easily detectable. In 1999, two teams working independently (one team consisted of astronomers at the Geneva Observatory, the Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian, and the Wise Observatory; the second group was the California and Carnegie Planet Search team) discovered an
extrasolar planet An exoplanet or extrasolar planet is a planet outside the Solar System. The first possible evidence of an exoplanet was noted in 1917 but was not recognized as such. The first confirmation of detection occurred in 1992. A different planet, ini ...
orbiting the star by using the
radial velocity The radial velocity or line-of-sight velocity, also known as radial speed or range rate, of a target with respect to an observer is the rate of change of the distance or range between the two points. It is equivalent to the vector projection o ...
planet A planet is a large, rounded astronomical body that is neither a star nor its remnant. The best available theory of planet formation is the nebular hypothesis, which posits that an interstellar cloud collapses out of a nebula to create a yo ...
search method. Soon after the discovery, separate teams led by David Charbonneau and Gregory W. Henry were able to detect a
transit Transit may refer to: Arts and entertainment Film * ''Transit'' (1979 film), a 1979 Israeli film * ''Transit'' (2005 film), a film produced by MTV and Staying-Alive about four people in countries in the world * ''Transit'' (2006 film), a 2006 ...
of the planet across the surface of the star making it the first known transiting extrasolar planet. The planet received the designation '' HD 209458 b''. Because the planet transits the star, the star is dimmed by about 2% every 3.5 days making it an extrinsic variable. The
variable star A variable star is a star whose brightness as seen from Earth (its apparent magnitude) changes with time. This variation may be caused by a change in emitted light or by something partly blocking the light, so variable stars are classified as e ...
designation for HD 209458 is V376 Pegasi. It is the
prototype A prototype is an early sample, model, or release of a product built to test a concept or process. It is a term used in a variety of contexts, including semantics, design, electronics, and software programming. A prototype is generally used ...
of the variable class "EP" in the General Catalogue of Variable Stars, defined as stars showing eclipses by their planets.


Planetary system

HD 209458 b is an extrasolar planet that orbits the Sun-like star HD 209458 in the constellation Pegasus. Spectroscopic studies first revealed the presence of a planet around HD 209458 on November 5, 1999. The planet is now under even more public scrutiny with the announcement that its atmosphere contains water vapor. Astronomers had made careful photometric measurements of several stars known to be orbited by planets, in the hope that they might observe a dip in brightness caused by the
transit Transit may refer to: Arts and entertainment Film * ''Transit'' (1979 film), a 1979 Israeli film * ''Transit'' (2005 film), a film produced by MTV and Staying-Alive about four people in countries in the world * ''Transit'' (2006 film), a 2006 ...
of the planet across the star's face. This would require the planet's orbit to be inclined such that it would pass between the Earth and the star, and previously no transits had been detected. Travis Barman at Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, Arizona analyzed the emission spectrum of this planet in 2009, and believes that its atmosphere contains water, although previous research in 2007 suggests that the atmosphere is composed mostly of silicate clouds. The spectrum taken in 2020 did indeed feature either sodium or vanadium oxide, but not the water. Later study in 2021 did not find any planetary atmosphere at all.


References


External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:HD 209458 209458 108859 Pegasus (constellation) Planetary transit variables Planetary systems with one confirmed planet G-type main-sequence stars Pegasi, V376 Durchmusterung objects J22031077+1853036