''Himantura'' is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

stingray Stingrays are a group of sea Batoidea, rays, a type of cartilaginous fish. They are classified in the suborder Myliobatoidei of the order Myliobatiformes and consist of eight families: Hexatrygonidae (sixgill stingray), Plesiobatidae (deepwate ...

in the

family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...

Dasyatidae that is native to the

Indo-Pacific The Indo-Pacific is a vast biogeographic region of Earth. In a narrow sense, sometimes known as the Indo-West Pacific or Indo-Pacific Asia, it comprises the tropical waters of the Indian Ocean, the western and central Pacific Ocean, and the ...

. In a 2016

taxonomic 280px, Generalized scheme of taxonomy Taxonomy is a practice and science concerned with classification or categorization. Typically, there are two parts to it: the development of an underlying scheme of classes (a taxonomy) and the allocation ...

revision, many of the species formerly assigned to ''Himantura'' were reassigned to other genera (''

Brevitrygon ''Brevitrygon'' is a genus of stingrays in the family Dasyatidae from the Indo-Pacific. Its species were formerly contained within the genus ''Himantura''. Species *'' Brevitrygon heterura'' ( Bleeker, 1852) (Dwarf Whipray) *'' Brevitrygon imbr ...

'', ''

Fluvitrygon ''Fluvitrygon'' is a genus of stingrays in the family Dasyatidae from freshwater in southeast Asia. Its species were formerly contained within the genus ''Himantura ''Himantura'' is a genus of stingray in the family (biology), family Dasyatid ...

'', ''

Maculabatis ''Maculabatis'' is a genus of stingrays in the family (biology), family Dasyatidae from the Indo-Pacific. Its species were formerly contained within the genus ''Himantura''. Species The genus contains two groups, the "gerrardi-complex" containin ...

'', '' Pateobatis'', ''

Styracura ''Styracura'' is a genus of stingray in the family Potamotrygonidae and the only genus in the subfamily Styracurinae. The two species in this genus were formerly included in '' Himantura'', but were moved to ''Styracura'' in 2016 based on morphol ...

'' and '' Urogymnus'').

Species

Twelve extant species are currently recognized as valid, formerly four or five species. * ''

Himantura alcockii ''Himantura alcockii'', the pale-spot whip ray, is a species of stingray in the family Dasyatidae. It is found in coastal regions including estuaries, in the Indian Ocean. As presently defined, it is probably a species complex. Taxonomy The spe ...

'' ( Annandale, 1909) (Pale-spot whip ray) * ''

Himantura australis ''Himantura australis'', the Australian whipray, is a type of whiptail stingray found mainly in Australia and south of New Guinea island. This species is a minor bycatch and usually released back to ocean by Australian trawlers, although it might ...

'' (

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White White is the lightest color and is achromatic (having no chroma). It is the color of objects such as snow, chalk, and milk, and is the opposite of black. White objects fully (or almost fully) reflect and scatter all the visible wa ...

& Naylor, 2016) (Australian whipray) * ''

Himantura fava ''Himantura fava'', the honeycomb whipray, is a species of stingray in the family Dasyatidae. It is found in coastal regions including estuaries, in the Indo-Pacific off India, Indonesia, and the Gulf of Thailand. As presently defined, it is pr ...

'' (Annandale, 1909) (Honeycomb whipray) * ''

Himantura fluviatilis ''Himantura fluviatilis'', the Ganges whip ray, is an obscure species of stingray in the family Dasyatidae, apparently endemic to the Ganges River system and adjacent marine waters. With an oval pectoral fin disc and long projecting snout, it cl ...

'' (

Hamilton Hamilton may refer to: * Alexander Hamilton (1755/1757–1804), first U.S. Secretary of the Treasury and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States * ''Hamilton'' (musical), a 2015 Broadway musical by Lin-Manuel Miranda ** ''Hamilton'' (al ...

, 1822) (Ganges whipray) * ''

Himantura krempfi ''Himantura krempfi'', the marbled freshwater whip ray, is a species of stingray in the family Dasyatidae. It is found in freshwater rivers, such as the Chao Phraya and Mekong basins, in Asia. Taxonomy The species has had a chequered taxonomic ...

'' ( Chabanaud, 1923) (Marbled freshwater whip ray) * ''

Himantura leoparda The leopard whipray (''Himantura leoparda'') is a little-known species of stingray in the family Dasyatidae, found in the Indian and Pacific Oceans from the Andaman Sea to the Coral Triangle. It is found close to shore at depths shallower than , ...

'' ( Manjaji-Matsumoto & Last, 2008) (Leopard whipray) * ''

Himantura marginata The blackedge whipray (''Himantura marginata'') is a little-known species of stingray in the family Dasyatidae, found in the coastal waters of the Bay of Bengal and the Gulf of Mannar. Attaining a disc width of , this species has a diamond-shape ...

'' ( Blyth, 1860) (Blackedge whipray) * '' Himantura menoni'' (Sahni & Mehrotra, 1981) * '' Himantura microphthalma'' ( J. T. F. Chen, 1948) (Smalleye whip ray) * '' Himantura pareh'' ( Bleeker, 1852) * '' Himantura souarfortuna'' (

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et al., 2020) * '' Himantura tutul'' ( Borsa, Durand, K. N. Shen, Arlyza, Solihin & Berrebi, 2013) (Fine-spotted leopard whipray) * '' Himantura uarnak'' ( J. F. Gmelin, 1789) (Reticulate whipray) * '' Himantura undulata'' (Bleeker, 1852) (Honeycomb whipray) The former contentious species, '' Himantura tutul'' has had its validity disputed and has been considered a

junior synonym In taxonomy, the scientific classification of living organisms, a synonym is an alternative scientific name for the accepted scientific name of a taxon. The botanical and zoological codes of nomenclature treat the concept of synonymy differently. ...

of ''H. uarnak'' by the

Catalog of Fishes Catalog of Fishes is a comprehensive on-line database and reference work on the scientific names of fish species and genera. It is global in its scope and is hosted by the California Academy of Sciences. It has been compiled and is continuously up ...

. However, ''H. tutul'' was previously confused not with ''H. uarnak'', but with ''H. leoparda'', and subsequently shown to be genetically distinct and reproductively isolated from both ''H. uarnak'' and ''H. leoparda''. Both adult ''H. leoparda'' and ''H. tutul'' present leopard-like ocellated spots. These are smaller and more numerous in ''H. tutul''.

Synonyms

Data from: * ''Himantura alcocki'': synonym of ''Himantura alcockii'' * ''Himantura astra'': synonym of '' Maculabatis astra'' * ''Himantura bleekeri'': synonym of '' Pateobatis bleekeri'' * ''Himantura chaophraya'': synonym of '' Urogymnus polylepis'' * ''Himantura chaophrya'': synonym of '' Urogymnus polylepis'' * ''Himantura dalyensis'': synonym of '' Urogymnus dalyensis'' * ''Himantura draco'': synonym of '' Pateobatis jenkinsii'' * ''Himantura fai'': synonym of '' Pateobatis fai'' * ''Himantura gerrardi'': synonym of '' Maculabatis gerrardi'' * ''Himantura granulata'': synonym of '' Urogymnus granulatus'' * ''Himantura heterurus'': synonym of ''

Brevitrygon heterura ''Brevitrygon heterura'', the dwarf whipray, is a type of ray of the family Dasyatidae found in the Indo-Malay Archipelago, from Indonesia to Vietnam. It inhabits shallow waters in the depth of . This species is one of the most common small ray c ...

'' * ''Himantura hortlei'': synonym of '' Pateobatis hortlei'' * ''Himantura imbricata'': synonym of '' Brevitrygon imbricata'' * ''Himantura javaensis'': synonym of ''

Brevitrygon javaensis ''Brevitrygon javaensis'', the Javan whipray, is a type of tropical ray of the family Dasyatidae found exclusively in Java, Indonesia. It lives in the maximum depth of . This species is often caught in the tangle nets meant for catching crustacea ...

'' * ''Himantura jenkinsii'': synonym of '' Pateobatis jenkinsii'' * ''Himantura lobistoma'': synonym of '' Urogymnus lobistoma'' * ''Himantura oxyrhyncha'': synonym of '' Fluvitrygon oxyrhynchus'' * ''Himantura pacifica'': synonym of '' Styracura pacifica'' * ''Himantura pastinacoides'': synonym of '' Maculabatis pastinacoides'' * ''Himantura polylepis'': synonym of '' Urogymnus polylepis'' * ''Himantura ponapensis'': synonym of '' Urogymnus granulatus'' * ''Himantura punctata'': synonym of ''Himantura uarnak'' * ''Himantura randalli'': synonym of '' Maculabatis randalli'' * ''Himantura schmardae'': synonym of '' Styracura schmardae'' * ''Himantura signifer'': synonym of '' Fluvitrygon signifer'' * ''Himantura toshi'': synonym of '' Maculabatis toshi'' * ''Himantura uarnacoides'': synonym of '' Pateobatis uarnacoides'' * ''Himantura walga'': synonym of ''

Brevitrygon walga ''Brevitrygon walga'', the dwarf whipray or mangrove whipray, is a small stingray, a cartilaginous fish in the family Dasyatidae. It is a demersal fish and is found over the continental and insular shelf of the west central Pacific Ocean where i ...

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q135505 Dasyatidae Ray genera Taxa named by Johannes Peter Müller Taxa named by Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle