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Healthy city is a term used in
Healthy Cities and urban governance.
Copenhagen: WHO Europe. An alternative term is Healthy Communities, or ''Municipios saludables'' in parts of Latin America.
Healthy Cities: urban social entrepreneurship for health.
''Health Promotion International'' 1999; 14(3): 261-270.
Healthy cities: a guide to the literature.
''Environment and Urbanization'', 11(1), April 1999. * Boonekamp GMM et al
Healthy Cities Evaluation: the co-ordinators perspective.
''Health Promotion International'' 14(2): 103, 1999.
Special Supplement on European Healthy Cities.
''Health Promotion International'', Volume 24, Supplement 1, November 2009. * J Ashton, P Grey, K Barnard
Healthy cities — WHO's New Public Health initiative.
''Health Promotion International'', 1(3): 319-324, 1986. *
The Health City
{{Land-use planning, CTM Environmental social science concepts Public health World Health Organization Environment by city Urban design
Healthy city is a term used in public health
Public health is "the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through the organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private, communities and individuals". Analyzing the de ...
and urban design to stress the impact of policy on human health. It is a municipality that continually improves on a physical and a social level until environmental and pathological conditions are reached establishing an acceptable morbidity rate for the population. Its modern form derives from a World Health Organization
The World Health Organization (WHO) is a list of specialized agencies of the United Nations, specialized agency of the United Nations which coordinates responses to international public health issues and emergencies. It is headquartered in Gen ...
(WHO) initiative on Healthy Cities and Villages in 1986, but has a history dating back to the mid 19th century. The term was developed in conjunction with the European Union
The European Union (EU) is a supranational union, supranational political union, political and economic union of Member state of the European Union, member states that are Geography of the European Union, located primarily in Europe. The u ...
, but rapidly became international as a way of establishing healthy public policy at the local level through health promotion. It emphasises the multi-dimensionality of health
Health has a variety of definitions, which have been used for different purposes over time. In general, it refers to physical and emotional well-being, especially that associated with normal functioning of the human body, absent of disease, p ...
as laid out in WHO's constitution and, more recently, the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion.World Health OrganizatioHealthy Cities and urban governance.
Copenhagen: WHO Europe. An alternative term is Healthy Communities, or ''Municipios saludables'' in parts of Latin America.
Approaches
Many jurisdictions which have healthy community programmes and cities can apply to become a WHO-designated "Healthy City". WHO defines the Healthy City as:"one that is continually creating and improving those physical and social environments and expanding those community resources which enable people to mutually support each other in performing all the functions of life and in developing to their maximum potential."Measuring the indices required, establishing standards and determining the impact of each component on health is difficult. In some regions such as Europe, a health impact assessment is a required piece of
public policy
Public policy is an institutionalized proposal or a Group decision-making, decided set of elements like laws, regulations, guidelines, and actions to Problem solving, solve or address relevant and problematic social issues, guided by a conceptio ...
development.
There are many networks of healthy cities, including in Europe and internationally, such as the Alliance for Healthy Cities. A key feature is ensuring that the social determinants of health are taken into consideration in urban design and urban governance. For example, " urbanization and health" was the theme of the 2010 World Health Day. One tool in developing healthy cities is social entrepreneurship.Evelyne de LeeuwHealthy Cities: urban social entrepreneurship for health.
''Health Promotion International'' 1999; 14(3): 261-270.
See also
* 15-minute city * Active design *Carfree city
A carfree city is an urban area absent of motor vehicles. Carfree cities rely on public transport, walking, and cycling for travel, as opposed to motor vehicles. Districts where motor vehicles are prohibited are referred to as carfree zones. Ca ...
* Co-benefits of climate change mitigation
* Health promotion
** Alliance for Healthy Cities
*
*
*
* Primary health care
** Health For All
* Public health
Public health is "the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through the organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private, communities and individuals". Analyzing the de ...
*
* Social influences on fitness behavior
*
* Urban vitality
* Zero-carbon city
References
Further reading
* Kenzer MHealthy cities: a guide to the literature.
''Environment and Urbanization'', 11(1), April 1999. * Boonekamp GMM et al
Healthy Cities Evaluation: the co-ordinators perspective.
''Health Promotion International'' 14(2): 103, 1999.
Special Supplement on European Healthy Cities.
''Health Promotion International'', Volume 24, Supplement 1, November 2009. * J Ashton, P Grey, K Barnard
Healthy cities — WHO's New Public Health initiative.
''Health Promotion International'', 1(3): 319-324, 1986. *
External links
The Health City
{{Land-use planning, CTM Environmental social science concepts Public health World Health Organization Environment by city Urban design