This is a list of rock formations in the Harz. They are known as the Harzklippen (literally "Harz crags" or "Harz cliffs") in German, which is the collective name for the, mainly,

granite Granite ( ) is a coarse-grained (phanerite, phaneritic) intrusive rock, intrusive igneous rock composed mostly of quartz, alkali feldspar, and plagioclase. It forms from magma with a high content of silica and alkali metal oxides that slowly coo ...

rock

outcrop An outcrop or rocky outcrop is a visible exposure of bedrock or ancient superficial deposits on the surface of the Earth and other terrestrial planets. Features Outcrops do not cover the majority of the Earth's land surface because in most p ...

s, crags and

tor Tor, TOR or ToR may refer to: Places * Toronto, Canada ** Toronto Raptors * Tor, Pallars, a village in Spain * Tor, former name of Sloviansk, Ukraine, a city * Mount Tor, Tasmania, Australia, an extinct volcano * Tor Bay, Devon, England * Tor ...

s in the

Harz mountains The Harz (), also called the Harz Mountains, is a Mittelgebirge, highland area in northern Germany. It has the highest elevations for that region, and its rugged terrain extends across parts of Lower Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt, and Thuringia. The nam ...

Germany Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south. Its sixteen States of Germany, constituent states have a total popu ...

. Most of them have the status of a

natural monument A natural monument is a natural or cultural feature of outstanding or unique value because of its inherent rarity, representative of aesthetic qualities, or cultural significance. They can be natural geological and geographical features such as w ...

. The following list contains an alphabetically-sorted selection of rock formations in the Harz with - where known - their height in metres (m) above sea level, referenced to

Normalnull ("standard zero") or (short N. N. or NN) is an outdated official vertical datum used in Germany. Elevations using this reference system were to be marked (“meters above standard zero”). has been replaced by (NHN). History In 187 ...

(NN): * Achtermannstor (max. c. 900 m), on the

Achtermannshöhe At , the Achtermannshöhe (also just called the Achtermann) in the Harz National Park is the third highest mountain in Lower Saxony and the fourth highest in the Harz, Harz mountains. It lies in the unincorporated area of Harz (Landkreis Goslar), ...

, near Braunlage, Lower Saxony * Ackertklippe, near Königshütte, Saxony-Anhalt * Adlerklippen (max. c. 340 m), in the valley of the Oker, near Goslar-

Oker The Oker () is a river in Lower Saxony, Germany, that has historically formed an important political boundary. It is a left tributary of the River Aller (Germany), Aller, in length and runs in a generally northerly direction. Origin and meanin ...

, Lower Saxony * Adlersklippen (see below: ''Teufelsmauer'') * Ahrentsklint (''Ahrentsklintklippe''; max. 822.4 m), on the Erdbeerkopf, near Schierke, Saxony-Anhalt * Altarklippen (max. c. 490 m), on the Heimberg, near

Lautenthal The formerly free mining town ('' Bergstadt'') of Lautenthal in Germany is a state-recognised, climatic spa with around 1,570 inhabitants and has been part of the borough of Langelsheim since 1972. Geography Lautenthal lies in the Innerste ...

, Lower Saxony * Anhaltinischer Saalstein (max. c. 393 m), in the valley of the Kältetalbach, near Bad Suderode, Saxony-Anhalt * Bärenklippe (near c. 870 m), part of the ''Hohneklippen'' of the Hohnekamm, between Wernigerode and Schierke, Saxony-Anhalt *

Bäumlersklippe The Bäumlersklippe is a crag and one of the so-called '' Harzklippen'' (Harz rock formations) in the Harz National Park southwest of Ilsenburg. The crag was restored as a travel destination in 2019. Specifically, an information board and bench we ...

(near c. 350 m), on the Meineberg, near Ilsenburg, Saxony-Anhalt * Bielsteinsklippe (near c. 385 m), on the Bielstein, near Hüttenrode, Saxony-Anhalt *

Böser Kleef The Böser Kleef is a rock formation, 440 metres above sea level, near the village of Altenbrak in the district of Harz in central Germany. It is made largely of granite. The Böser Kleef can be reached on foot from several directions including ...

, near Altenbrak, Saxony-Anhalt * Bremer Klippe (near c. 550 m), on the Jagdkopf, near

Wieda Wieda is a village and a former municipality in the district of Göttingen, in Lower Saxony, Germany. Since 1 November 2016, it is part of the municipality Walkenried. Wieda is on River Wieda, a tributary of Zorge in the southern part of the ...

, Lower Saxony * Breitesteinklippen (near. c. 840 m), on the

, near Torfhaus, Lower Saxony * Brockenkinderklippe (near c. 905 m), on the

Renneckenberg The Renneckenberg (formerly ''Rennekenberg'') is a mountain, roughly high, in the High Harz part of the Harz mountain range of central Germany within the borough of Wernigerode in the state of Saxony-Anhalt. Location The Renneckenberg lies in ...

, between Wernigerode and Schierke, Saxony-Anhalt * Brockentor (max. 1,039.5 m), on the

Heinrichshöhe The Heinrichshöhe is a subsidiary peak of the highest mountain in the Harz, the Brocken, and, at , it is the second summit in the Harz, Harz Mountains. Today, it may only be visited with permission from the national park authority for the purpos ...

, between Wernigerode and Schierke, Saxony-Anhalt *

Dreibrodesteine Sankt Andreasberg () is a former independent city in the district of Goslar, in Lower Saxony, Germany. Since 1 November 2011, it has formed part of the town Braunlage. It is situated in the Harz, approximately west of Braunlage proper, and east ...

(near c. 641 m), near Sankt Andreasberg, Lower Saxony * Dühringsklippe, on the Netzberg, near Netzkater, Thuringia * Elfenstein (max. c. 420 m), on the Elfenstein, near Bad Harzburg, Lower Saxony *

Elversstein The Elversstein in the Harz Mountains of Germany is a granite rock formation with a maximum elevation of Harzer WandernadelStempelstelle 29 – ''Elversstein'' auf harzer-wandernadel.de on the Steinberg (Hasserode), Steinberg (ca. ) near Hasse ...

(max. c. 499 m), on the Steinberg, near Hasserode, Saxony-Anhalt * Ettersklippe (near c. 440 m), on the

Ettersberg The Thuringian Basin () is a depression in the central and northwest part of Thuringia in Germany which is crossed by several rivers, the longest of which is the Unstrut. It stretches about from north to south and around from east to west. Its h ...

, near

Bad Harzburg Bad Harzburg (; Eastphalian dialect, Eastphalian: ''Bad Harzborch'') is a spa town in central Germany, in the Goslar (district), Goslar district of Lower Saxony. It lies on the northern edge of the Harz mountains and is a recognised saltwater spa ...

, Lower Saxony * Falkenklippe (max. 405.2 m), in the Bodetal, between Altenbrak and Treseburg, Saxony-Anhalt * Feigenbaumklippe (auch: ''Feigenbaumkanzel''; near c. 540 m), on the Huthberg, between Oker and Schulenberg, Lower Saxony * Ferdinandsstein (near c. 639 m), near Ilsenburg, Saxony-Anhalt * Feuersteinklippe (near c. 710 m), near

Schierke station Schierke station ({{langx, de, Bahnhof Schierke) is the railway station in the village of Schierke operated by the Harz Narrow Gauge Railways on the Brocken Railway in the Harz Mountains of central Germany. Schierke itself lies as the foot of the ...

, Saxony-Anhalt * Geroldsklippen (max. c. 390 m), in the valley of the Wurmbach, near

Stecklenberg Stecklenberg is a village and a former municipality in the district of Harz, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 23 November 2009, it is part of the town Thale. Sights The ''Glockenstein'' is a granite block in the shape of a bell that was probab ...

, Saxony-Anhalt * Gewitterklippen (max. c. 410 m), in the Bodetal, between Thale and Treseburg, Saxony-Anhalt * Gipfelklippe (max. 1,033.5 m), on the

Königsberg Königsberg (; ; ; ; ; ; , ) is the historic Germany, German and Prussian name of the city now called Kaliningrad, Russia. The city was founded in 1255 on the site of the small Old Prussians, Old Prussian settlement ''Twangste'' by the Teuton ...

, between Ilsenburg and Schierke, Saxony-Anhalt * Glückaufklippen (max. c. 670 m), on the

Kuppe A ''Kuppe'' is the term used in German-speaking central Europe for a mountain or hill with a rounded summit that has no rock formation, such as a tor, on it. A range of such hills is called a ''Kuppengebirge''. In geology the term also refers t ...

, near Sankt Andreasberg, Lower Saxony * Goldenkerklippe (max. c. 840 m),

Auf dem Acker Auf dem Acker (commonly called the ''Acker'') is a mountain ridge up to high, which is located in the southwestern part of the Harz mountains in Lower Saxony (Germany). Geography The ridge begins south of the Bruchberg near ''Stieglitzecke'' ...

, Lower Saxony * Grenzklippe (near c. 886 m), part of the ''Hohneklippen'' of the Hohnekamm, between Wernigerode and Schierke, Saxony-Anhalt *

Große Teufelsmühle The Große Teufelsmühle is a natural monument on the Viktorshöhe near Friedrichsbrunn in the Harz Mountains of central Germany. The name means "Great Devil's Mill". It is a tor, a granite rock formation that displays typical spheroidal or "mattre ...

(max. c. 581 m), on the Viktorshöhe, near Friedrichsbrunn, Saxony-Anhalt * Große Wurmbergklippe (auch: ''Große Klippe''; max. 823.8 m) (see below: ''Wurmbergklippen'') * Große Zeterklippe (''Obere Zeterklippe''; max. 929.7 m), see below: ''Zeterklippen'' * Hahnenkleeklippen (max. c. 750 m), east of the Odertals, near Braunlage, Lower Saxony * Hohnekammsteinklippen (max. c. 780 m),

, Lower Saxony * Hanskühnenburgfelsen (near c. 815 m), on the

Hanskühnenburg The Hanskühnenburg is a mountain hut () in the Harz mountains. It is located at a height of above sea level in fields known as ''Auf dem Acker'', or simply ''Acker'', in the middle of the Harz National Park and has its own observation tower. ...

, Auf dem Acker, Lower Saxony * Hanskühnenburgklippe (near c. 818 m), near the Hanskühnenburg,

, Lower Saxony *

Harschenhöllenklippe The Harschenhöllenklippe is a rock formation in the Harz mountains in the German state of Saxony-Anhalt. The crag is located on the northern slopes of the Tänn valley (''Tänntal''). It lies southwest of Oehrenfeld and belongs to the borough of ...

(near / max. 411 m, on the Halberstädter Berg, near Oehrenfeld, Saxony-Anhalt * Hausmannsklippen (max. c. 480 m), on the Kaltetalskopf, near

, Lower Saxony * Hexenküche (near c. 570 m), on the Huthberg, between

and Schulenberg, Lower Saxony *

Hirschhornklippen The Hirschhorn Rocks ( or ''Hirschhörner'') are a natural monument in the Harz National Park in central Germany. Geographical location The Hirschhorn Rocks are one of the many tors in the Harz and are located on the Königsberg mountain abo ...

(near 1,023.2 m), on the Königsberg, between Wernigerode and Schierke, Saxony-Anhalt * Hohe Klippen (max. c. 770 m), west of the Odertals, near

Sankt Andreasberg Sankt Andreasberg () is a former independent city in the Goslar (district), district of Goslar, in Lower Saxony, Germany. Since 1 November 2011, it has formed part of the town Braunlage. It is situated in the Harz, approximately west of Braunlage ...

, Lower Saxony * Hoher Kleef (max. c. 306 m), near Rübeland, Saxony-Anhalt * Hopfensäcke (max. c. 875 m), on the Quitschenberg, near

Torfhaus Torfhaus is a village in the borough of the mining town of Altenau in the Harz mountains of Germany and lies at a height of about . It is the highest settlement in Lower Saxony. This small settlement consists mainly of restaurants, youth hostels, ...

, Lower Saxony * Ifenkopfer Klippe (max. c. 620 m), on the Ifenkopf, between

Altenau Altenau () is a town and a former municipality in the district of Goslar, in Lower Saxony, Germany. Since 1 January 2015 it is part of the town Clausthal-Zellerfeld. It is situated in the middle of the Harz mountains, between Clausthal-Zellerf ...

and Kon theschlacken, Lower Saxony *

Ilsestein The Ilsestein (formerly also called ''Ilsenstein'') is a prominent granite rock formation near the town of Ilsenburg in the Harz mountains of central Germany. Offering a scenic view over the Ilse valley to the Brocken massif, the highest mountain ...

(max. 473.2 m), near Ilsenburg, Saxony-Anhalt * Jungfernklippe (max. c. 390 m), on the Kleiner Staufenberg, near Zorge, Lower Saxony *

Kästeklippen The ''Kästeklippen'', often shortened to ''Käste'', is a rocky tor above the Oker valley in the Upper Harz mountains of central Germany. It lies at a height of . Near the ''Käste'' are other similar granite rock formations such as the ''Hexenk� ...

(max. c. 602 m), on the Huthberg, between Oker and Schulenberg, Lower Saxony * Kahle Klippe (max. 1,011.5 m), on the Westhang of the Brockens, Saxony-Anhalt * Kanapeeklippe (max. c. 750 m),

, Lower Saxony * Kanzelklippe (max. c. 950 m), on the

, between Wernigerode and Schierke, Saxony-Anhalt * Kapellenklippe (near c. 910 m), on the Renneckenberg (on the Pferdekopf), between Wernigerode and Schierke, Saxony-Anhalt * Kattnäse (near c. 580 m), on the Mittelberg, near

, Lower Saxony * Kesselklippe (max. c. 975 m), on the

, between Wernigerode and Schierke, Saxony-Anhalt * Kleine Teufelsmühle (near c. 577 m), on the

Viktorshöhe The Viktorshöhe is a hill, 581.5 metres high, in the Harz mountains of central Germany. It lies on the Ramberg massif within the boundaries of Gernrode, a part of Quedlinburg, and about 3 kilometres northeast of Friedrichsbrunn. History The ...

, near Friedrichsbrunn, Saxony-Anhalt * Kleine Wurmbergklippe (auch: ''Kleine Klippe''; near c. 690 m) (see below: ''Wurmbergklippen'') * Kleine Zeterklippe (''Untere Zeterklippe''; max. c. 827 m), see below: ''Zeterklippen'' * Leistenklippe (near c. 880 m), part of the ''Hohneklippen'' of the Hohnekamm, between Wernigerode and Schierke, Saxony-Anhalt * Luisenklippe (see below: ''Quitschenbergklippen'') * Margaretenklippen (max. c. 400 m), on the Glockenberg, near

Goslar Goslar (; Eastphalian dialect, Eastphalian: ''Goslär'') is a historic town in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is the administrative centre of the Goslar (district), district of Goslar and is located on the northwestern wikt:slope, slopes of the Harz ...

, Lower Saxony * Mäuseklippe (near c. 660 m), on the Barenberg, near

Elend Elend may refer to: * Elend, Saxony-Anhalt Elend is a district of the town of Oberharz am Brocken in the Harz (district), Harz District, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It lies in the Bode valley in the High Harz in central Germany, at a height of . T ...

and Schierke, Saxony-Anhalt * Mausefalle (near c. 550 m), on the Huthberg, between

and Schulenberg, Lower Saxony * Mittlere Zeterklippe (max. c. 866 m), see below: ''Zeterklippen'' * Mönchskappenklippe (max. c. 680 m),

, Lower Saxony * Muxklippe (max. c. 550 m), on the Hasselkopf, near Bad Harzburg, Lower Saxony * Ohrenklippen (max. c. 710 m), on the Hohe Wand, near Wernigerode-

Hasserode Hasserode has been a quarter in the town of Wernigerode in the German state of Saxony-Anhalt since 1907. Location Hasserode lies at the foot of the Harz Mountains in the valley of the River Holtemme, whose upper reaches include the water cas ...

, Saxony-Anhalt * Ottofels (max. c. 620 m), between Wernigerode and the Hohnekamm, Saxony-Anhalt * Paternosterklippe (max. c. 522 m), near the Plessenburg, near Ilsenburg, Saxony-Anhalt * Pferdediebsklippe (near c. 550 m), on the

Hasselkopf Hasselkopf is a mountain on the southern periphery of Braunlage, Germany. It is 612 m high. The hill is mostly covered in grass and undeveloped, but its northern slope has a short ski lift and can be used for downhill skiing Skiing is ...

, near

, Lower Saxony * Präzeptorklippe, in the Rappbode Reservoir, not far from Hasselfelde, Saxony-Anhalt * Preußischer Saalstein (max. c. 405 m), in the valley of the Kältetalbach, near Bad Suderode, Saxony-Anhalt * Quitschenbergklippen (max. c. 860 m; including the ''Luisenklippe''), on the Quitschenberg, near

, Lower Saxony * Rabenklippe (max. c. 550 m), on the Kaltetalskopf, near Bad Harzburg, Lower Saxony * Rabenklippe (max. c. 975 m), on the

, between Wernigerode and Schierke, Saxony-Anhalt * Rabenklippen (Große and Kleine Rabenklippe), on the

Rappbode Reservoir The Rappbode is a right-hand, southwestern tributary of the River Bode in the Harz mountains in the German state of Saxony-Anhalt. In its lower reaches it is impounded by the Rappbode Dam, the largest dam in the Harz. The Rappbode rises east of ...

near Hasselfelde, Saxony-Anhalt * Ravensklippen (max. c. 490 m), on the Dietrichsberg, near Schulenberg, Saxony-Anhalt *

Roßtrappe The ''Roßtrappe'' is a granite crag in the Harz mountains of central Germany. The ''Roßtrappe'' rises over the Bode Gorge in the Harz. It may be reached from Thale by road, on foot or on via the Rosstrappe Chair Lift. On the rocks is a moun ...

(max. 403.0 m), near Thale on the Roßtrappenberg (Bodetal), Saxony-Anhalt * Rudolfklippe (max. c. 570 m), on the

Winterberg Winterberg (; Westphalian: ''Winnenmerg'') is a town in the Hochsauerland district of North Rhine-Westphalia, central Germany and a major winter sport resort of the Wintersport Arena Sauerland. Geography Winterberg is located in the middle ...

, near

, Lower Saxony * Sachsenstein (near c. 500 m), on the

Sachsenberg Sachsenberg is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: *Gotthard Sachsenberg Gotthard Sachsenberg (6 December 1891 – 23 August 1961) was a German World War I fighter ace with 31 victories who went on to command the world's first na ...

, near

, Lower Saxony * Sachsensteinsklippen (max. c. 320 m), on the Sachsenstein, between

Bad Sachsa Bad Sachsa is a town in the district of Göttingen, in Lower Saxony, Germany. The town was one of the few municipalities in West Germany that imported electric power from former East Germany. This was done via Neuhof Substation. Geography Bad ...

and Neuhof, Lower Saxony * Scharfensteinklippe (max. 697.6 m), on the

Scharfenstein (Ilsenburg) The Scharfenstein is a mountain, high, in the Harz Mountains of Germany, near Ilsenburg in the district of Harz in Saxony-Anhalt. It is part of the Harz National Park. Geographical location The Scharfenstein lies southwest of Ilsenburg, sout ...

, near Ilsenburg, Saxony-Anhalt * Scharfensteinklippe (max. 462.4 m), on the

Scharfenstein (Wernigerode) The Scharfenstein is a hill spur, {{GeoQuelle, DE, BFN-Karten, of the Eichberg-Süd (486.4 m) in the Harz Mountains of Germany, near the town of Wernigerode in the county of Harz in Saxony-Anhalt. Location The Scharfenstein lies in the Ha ...

, near Wernigerode, Saxony-Anhalt *

Scherstorklippen The Scherstorklippen is a granite tor (up to ) in the Harz Mountains of central Germany. It is located near the village of Schierke in the county of Harz in the state of Saxony-Anhalt. It was formed by the process of spheroidal weathering. Loca ...

(max. c. 694 m), on the Barenberg, near Elend and Schierke, Saxony-Anhalt * Schluftkopfklippe (near c. 805 m), on the

, between Wernigerode and Schierke, Saxony-Anhalt *

Schnarcherklippen Schnarcherklippen is the name of a rock formation (up to 671 m above Normalnull, sea level) south of the village of Schierke in the Harz, High Harz mountains of Saxony-Anhalt in central Germany. The name translates roughly to "snori ...

(max. c. 671 m), on the Barenberg, near Elend and Schierke, Saxony-Anhalt * Seilerklippe (near c. 760 m),

, Lower Saxony * Sergeantenklippe (max. c. 680 m), on the Großen Breitenberg, near Riefensbeek, Lower Saxony * Siebenwochenklippe (max. c. 520 m), on the Ifenkopf, between

and Kon theschlacken, Lower Saxony * Sösestein (max. c. 730 m),

, Lower Saxony * Sommerklippen (max. c. 410 m), in the valley of the Wurmbach, near

, Saxony-Anhalt * Sophienklippe (max. c. 650 m),

, Lower Saxony * Spießerklippe (max. c. 640 m),

, Lower Saxony * Stangenklippe (near c. 820 m), on the

, between Wernigerode and Schierke, Saxony-Anhalt * Steile Wand (max. c. 780 m), on the

Bruchberg At , the Bruchberg in the Upper Harz is the second highest mountain in Lower Saxony and the third highest in the Harz mountains in North Germany. It lies between Altenau and Torfhaus in the middle of the Harz National Park. The Bruchberg is more ...

, in Richtung Torfhaus, Lower Saxony * Stollenklippe (max. c. 690 m),

, Lower Saxony *

Taubenklippe The ''Taubenklippe'' is a rock formation in the Harz mountains in the German state of Saxony-Anhalt. It lies about halfway between Bad Harzburg and Ilsenburg at a height of on the eastern slopes of the Ecker valley. From the crag there is a good ...

(max. 560.3 m), in the valley of the Ecker, near Ilsenburg, on the Frankenberg, Saxony-Anhalt *

Teufelsmauer The Teufelsmauer (Ore Mountains), Teufelsmauer (German for "Devil's Wall") is a famous natural rock formation located in the Harz, Harz Mountains of central Germany. It stretches across the state of Saxony-Anhalt and is known for its striking, jagge ...

(part of the ''Adlersklippen''; max. 331.5 m), on the Heidelberg between Blankenburg and Ballenstedt, Saxony-Anhalt * Teufelsmühle (siehe oben: ''Große Teufelsmühle'' and ''Kleine Teufelsmühle'') * Tofana (Harz), part of the Adlerklippen near Goslar-

in the Okertal, Lower Saxony * Treppenstein (max. c. 511 m), in the Okertal, on the Huthberg, between Oker and Schulenberg, Lower Saxony * Trudenstein (near c. 735 m), near Schierke, on the Hohnekopf of the Hohnekamm, Saxony-Anhalt * Uhlenstein (max 469.1 m), in the valley of the Uhlenbach, Friedrichsbrunn, Saxony-Anhalt * Uhuklippen (max. c. 390 m), near Goslar-

in the Okertal, Lower Saxony * Viktorsklippen, in the valley of the Kältetalbach, near Bad Suderode, Saxony-Anhalt * Winterklippen (max. c. 420 m), in the valley of the Wurmbach, near

, Saxony-Anhalt * Woldsbergklippen (near c. 560 m), on the Woldsberg, near

, Lower Saxony * Wolfsklippen (max. c. 640 m), on the

Wolfskopf The Wolfskopf ("Wolf's Head") is a 668.5 metre high mountain in the West Harz in central Germany. It lies in the district of Göttingen roughly 2 km east of Kamschlacken and about 5 km southwest of Altenau. The ''Wolfsklippen'' ...

, near Kon theschlacken, Lower Saxony *

Wolfsklippen The Wolfsklippen, also called the Wolfsklippe, is a granite mountain in the Harz mountains in Central Germany with an observation platform on the summit. Its height is frequently given as about , but occasionally also as only around . Location ...

(c. 710 m), between Drei Annen Hohne and the Plessenburg, Saxony-Anhalt *

Wurmbergklippen At the Wurmberg is the second highest mountain in the Harz and the highest in Lower Saxony (Germany). Geography The Wurmberg lies north of Braunlage, in the district of Goslar, and west of Schierke. Its summit is located due south of t ...

(''Große'' and ''Kleine Wurmbergklippe''), on the Wurmberg, near Braunlage, Saxony-Anhalt * Zeterklippen (max. 929.7 m), on the Renneckenberg, between Wernigerode and Schierke, Saxony-Anhalt

References

Rock formations A rock formation is an isolated, scenic, or spectacular surface rock (geology), rock outcrop. Rock formations are usually the result of weathering and erosion sculpting the existing rock. The term ''rock Geological formation, formation ...

See also

References