Harpacticoida is an

order Order, ORDER or Orders may refer to: * Categorization, the process in which ideas and objects are recognized, differentiated, and understood * Heterarchy, a system of organization wherein the elements have the potential to be ranked a number of d ...

copepod Copepods (; meaning "oar-feet") are a group of small crustaceans found in nearly every freshwater and saltwater habitat (ecology), habitat. Some species are planktonic (inhabiting sea waters), some are benthos, benthic (living on the ocean floor) ...

s, in the subphylum

Crustacea Crustaceans (Crustacea, ) form a large, diverse arthropod taxon which includes such animals as decapods, seed shrimp, branchiopods, fish lice, krill, remipedes, isopods, barnacles, copepods, amphipods and mantis shrimp. The crustacean gro ...

. This order comprises 463

genera Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclat ...

and about 3,000 species; its members are

benthic The benthic zone is the ecological region at the lowest level of a body of water such as an ocean, lake, or stream, including the sediment surface and some sub-surface layers. The name comes from ancient Greek, βένθος (bénthos), meaning "t ...

s found throughout the world in the marine environment (most families) and in

fresh water Fresh water or freshwater is any naturally occurring liquid or frozen water containing low concentrations of dissolved salts and other total dissolved solids. Although the term specifically excludes seawater and brackish water, it does include ...

(essentially the

Ameiridae Ameiridae is a family of crustaceans belonging to the order Harpacticoida Harpacticoida is an order of copepods, in the subphylum Crustacea. This order comprises 463 genera and about 3,000 species; its members are benthic copepods found throug ...

Parastenocarididae Parastenocarididae is a family of copepods in the order Harpacticoida adapted to life in groundwater Groundwater is the water present beneath Earth's surface in rock and soil pore spaces and in the fractures of rock formations. About 30 per ...

and the

Canthocamptidae Canthocamptidae is a family of copepods. Most of the 700 species are confined to fresh water, although there are also marine species. It contains the following genera: *'' Afrocamptus'' Chappuis, 1932 *'' Antarctobiotus'' Chappuis, 1930 *'' An ...

). A few of them are planktonic or live in association with other organisms. Harpacticoida represents the second-largest meiofaunal group in

marine sediment Marine sediment, or ocean sediment, or seafloor sediment, are deposits of insoluble particles that have accumulated on the seafloor. These particles have their origins in soil and rocks and have been transported from the land to the sea, mainly ...

s, after

nematode The nematodes ( or grc-gre, Νηματώδη; la, Nematoda) or roundworms constitute the phylum Nematoda (also called Nemathelminthes), with plant-Parasitism, parasitic nematodes also known as eelworms. They are a diverse animal phylum inhab ...

s. In Arctic and Antarctic seas, Harpacticoida are common inhabitants of

sea ice Sea ice arises as seawater freezes. Because ice is less dense than water, it floats on the ocean's surface (as does fresh water ice, which has an even lower density). Sea ice covers about 7% of the Earth's surface and about 12% of the world's oce ...

. The name Harpacticoida comes from the Greek noun ''harpacticon'' (rapacious predator) and the suffix ''-oid'' (akin to) and means ''reminiscent of a predator'' . Harpacticoids are distinguished from other copepods by the presence of only a very short pair of first antennae. The second pair of antennae are biramous, and the major joint within the body is located between the fourth and fifth body segments. They typically have a wide abdomen, and often have a somewhat worm-like body.

Families

53 families are currently recognised in the Harpacticoida: *

Adenopleurellidae Adenopleurellidae is a family of crustaceans belonging to the order Harpacticoida Harpacticoida is an order of copepods, in the subphylum Crustacea. This order comprises 463 genera and about 3,000 species; its members are benthic copepods fou ...

Aegisthidae Aegisthidae is a family of copepods Copepods (; meaning "oar-feet") are a group of small crustaceans found in nearly every freshwater and saltwater habitat. Some species are planktonic (inhabiting sea waters), some are benthic (living on the o ...

Ancorabolidae Ancorabolidae is a family of copepods belonging to the order Harpacticoida Harpacticoida is an order of copepods, in the subphylum Crustacea. This order comprises 463 genera and about 3,000 species; its members are benthic copepods found thro ...

* Arenopontiidae * Argestidae * Balaenophilidae *

* Chappuisiidae * Cletodidae * Cletopsyllidae * Cristacoxidae * Cylindropsyllidae * Dactylopusiidae * Darcythompsoniidae * Ectinosomatidae *

Hamondiidae Hamondiidae is a family of copepods Copepods (; meaning "oar-feet") are a group of small crustaceans found in nearly every freshwater and saltwater habitat. Some species are planktonic (inhabiting sea waters), some are benthic (living on the o ...

Harpacticidae Harpacticidae is a family (biology), family of copepods, containing the following genus, genera: *''Archizausodes'' Bouck, Thistle & Huys, 1999 *''Arpacticus'' H. Milne-Edwards, 1840 *''Campella Copepoda, Campella'' C. B. Wilson, 1924 *''Discoha ...

* Idyanthidae *

Laophontidae Laophontidae is a family of copepods belonging to the order Harpacticoida. Genera The family contains the following genera: *''Aequinoctiella'' *''Afrolaophonte'' *''Amerolaophontina'' *''Apistophonte'' *''Applanola'' *''Archesola'' *'' ...

* Laophontopsidae *

Latiremidae Latiremidae is a family of crustaceans belonging to the order Harpacticoida Harpacticoida is an order of copepods, in the subphylum Crustacea. This order comprises 463 genera and about 3,000 species; its members are benthic copepods found thr ...

Leptastacidae Leptastacidae is a family of copepods Copepods (; meaning "oar-feet") are a group of small crustaceans found in nearly every freshwater and saltwater habitat. Some species are planktonic (inhabiting sea waters), some are benthic (living on the ...

Leptopontiidae Leptopontiidae is a family of crustaceans belonging to the order Harpacticoida. Genera: * '' Bereraia'' Huys, 2009 * '' Ichnusella'' Cottarelli, 1971 * '' Leptopontia'' Scott, 1902 * '' Notopontia'' Bodiou, 1977 * '' Parasewellina'' Cottarelli ...

Louriniidae Louriniidae is a family of crustaceans belonging to the order Harpacticoida. Genera: * '' Archeolourinia'' Corgosinho & Schizas, 2013 * '' Ceyloniella'' * '' Lourinia'' Wilson, 1924 References {{Taxonbar, from=Q18196024 Harpacticoida ...

Metidae Metidae is a family of copepods belonging to the order Harpacticoida. Genera: * ''Ilyopsilla'' * ''Lauberia'' * ''Laubieria'' Soyer, 1966 * ''Metis (copepod), Metis'' Philippi, 1843 References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q10329185 Copepods ...

Miraciidae Miraciidae is a family of copepods in the family Miraciidae. Subdivisions The World Register of Marine Species The World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) is a taxonomic database that aims to provide an authoritative and comprehensive list ...

Nannopodidae Nannopodidae is a family of copepods belonging to the order Harpacticoida. Genera: * ''Acuticoxa'' Huys & Kihara, 2010 * ''Concilicoxa'' Kim & Lee, 2020 * ''Doolia'' Lee, 2020 * ''Huntemannia'' Poppe, 1884 * ''Ilyophilus'' * ''Laophontisochra'' ...

Neobradyidae Neobradyidae is a family of crustaceans belonging to the order Harpacticoida. Genera: * '' Antarcticobradya'' Huys, 1987 * '' Marsteinia'' Drzycimski, 1968 * '' Neobradya'' Scott, 1892 * '' Tachidiopsis'' Sars, 1911 References {{Taxonbar, f ...

Normanellidae Normanellidae is a family of copepods Copepods (; meaning "oar-feet") are a group of small crustaceans found in nearly every freshwater and saltwater habitat. Some species are planktonic (inhabiting sea waters), some are benthic (living on the ...

Novocriniidae Novocriniidae is a family of crustaceans belonging to the order Harpacticoida Harpacticoida is an order of copepods, in the subphylum Crustacea. This order comprises 463 genera and about 3,000 species; its members are benthic copepods found th ...

Orthopsyllidae Orthopsyllidae is a family of copepods Copepods (; meaning "oar-feet") are a group of small crustaceans found in nearly every freshwater and saltwater habitat. Some species are planktonic (inhabiting sea waters), some are benthic (living on th ...

* Parameiropsidae *

Paramesochridae Paramesochridae is a family of copepods belonging to the order Harpacticoida. Genera Diarthrodellinae Huys, 1987 Paramesochrinae Lang, 1944 Incertae sedis References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q6564748 Copepods ...

Parastenheliidae Parastenheliidae is a family of copepods belonging to the order Harpacticoida. Genera: * '' Foweya'' Gee, 2006 * ''Karllangia ''Karllangia'' is a genus of marine copepods. Its name commemorates the Swedish carcinologist Karl Georg Herman La ...

Peltidiidae Peltidiidae is a family of copepods belonging to the order Harpacticoida Harpacticoida is an order of copepods, in the subphylum Crustacea. This order comprises 463 genera and about 3,000 species; its members are benthic copepods found throug ...

Phyllognathopodidae Phyllognathopodidae is a family of crustaceans belonging to the order Harpacticoida. Genera: * ''Allophyllognathopus'' Kiefer, 1967 * ''Neophyllognathopus'' Galassi & De Laurentiis, 2011 * ''Parbatocamptus'' Dumont & Maas, 1988 * ''Phyllognathop ...

* Pontostratiotidae *

Porcellidiidae Porcellidiidae is a family of copepods belonging to the order Harpacticoida. Genera Genera: * ''Acutiramus ''Acutiramus'' is a genus of giant predatory eurypterid, an extinct group of aquatic arthropods. Fossils of ''Acutiramus'' have be ...

* Protolatiremidae *

Pseudotachidiidae Pseudotachidiidae is a family of crustaceans Crustaceans (Crustacea, ) form a large, diverse arthropod taxon which includes such animals as decapods, seed shrimp, branchiopods, fish lice, krill, remipedes, isopods, barnacles, copepods, am ...

Rhizothricidae Rhizotrichidae is a family of crustaceans Crustaceans (Crustacea, ) form a large, diverse arthropod taxon which includes such animals as decapods, seed shrimp, branchiopods, fish lice, krill, remipedes, isopods, barnacles, copepods, amphi ...

* Rometidae *

Rotundiclipeidae ''Rotundiclipeus'' is a monotypic genus of crustaceans belonging to the monotypic family Rotundiclipeidae. The only species is ''Rotundiclipeus canariensis''. The species is found in Canary Islands The Canary Islands (; es, Canarias, ) ...

Superornatiremidae Superornatiremidae is a family of crustaceans belonging to the order Harpacticoida Harpacticoida is an order of copepods, in the subphylum Crustacea. This order comprises 463 genera and about 3,000 species; its members are benthic copepods fou ...

Tachidiidae Tachidiidae is a family of copepods belonging to the order Harpacticoida. Genera: * ''Cithadius'' Bowman, 1972 * ''Euterpina'' Norman, 1903 * ''Geeopsis'' Huys, 1996 * ''Microarthridion'' Lang, 1944 * ''Neotachidius'' Shen & Tai, 1963 * ''Sinota ...

Tegastidae Tegastidae is a family of copepods, which are characterised by having laterally compressed bodies (resembling that of an amphipod), a claw-like mandible in the nauplius stage, and by a modified male genital complex. 85 species have been describ ...

Tetragonicipitidae Tetragonicipitidae is a family of copepods belonging to the order Harpacticoida. Genera Genera: * ''Adoginiceps'' Gómez & Morales-Serna, 2015 * ''Aigondiceps'' Fiers, 1995 * ''Anguloceps'' Fiers & Iliffe, 1999 * ''Diagoniceps'' Willey, 1930 * ...

Thalestridae Thalestridae is a family of copepods Copepods (; meaning "oar-feet") are a group of small crustaceans found in nearly every freshwater and saltwater habitat. Some species are planktonic (inhabiting sea waters), some are benthic (living on the ...

* Thompsonulidae *

Tisbidae Tisbidae is a family of copepods belonging to the order Harpacticoida. Genera: * ''Amplipedicola'' Avdeev, 2010 * ''Aspinothorax'' Moura & Martínez Arbizu, 2004 * ''Avdeevia'' Bresciani & Lützen, 1994 * ''Bathyidia'' Farran, 1926 * ''Bresciani ...

* Zosimeidae

References

External links

Harpacticoida, Guide to the marine zooplankton of south eastern AustraliaTasmanian Aquaculture and Fisheries Institute
* {{Taxonbar, from=Q146286 Crustacean orders