The ''Granat Encyclopedic Dictionary'' (russian: Энциклопедический словарь Гранат) is a Russian encyclopedic dictionary originally published in 58 volumes with one supplement throughout both the

Tsarist Tsarist autocracy (russian: царское самодержавие, transcr. ''tsarskoye samoderzhaviye''), also called Tsarism, was a form of autocracy (later absolute monarchy) specific to the Grand Duchy of Moscow and its successor states ...

and

Soviet The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen nation ...

periods. The dictionary's full title is ''The Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Granat Russian Bibliographical Institute'' (Russian: ''Энциклопедический словарь Русского библиографического института Гранат''). The word "Granat" refers to the last name of two brothers,

Alexander Alexander is a male given name. The most prominent bearer of the name is Alexander the Great, the king of the Ancient Greek kingdom of Macedonia who created one of the largest empires in ancient history. Variants listed here are Aleksandar, Al ...

(1861 - 1933) and Ignatiy Granat (1863 - 1941), who commissioned the articles in their

Moscow Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 millio ...

office (Ignatiy Granat was later executed by shooting). First appearing in 1910, the dictionary was finally completed in 1948. The first 33 volumes were published in 1910–17 and the remaining volumes from 1922 onwards. The dictionary's large size allowed each entry sufficient space to present relatively full information. Among the dictionary's contributors and editors were

Vladimir Lenin Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov. ( 1870 – 21 January 1924), better known as Vladimir Lenin,. was a Russian revolutionary, politician, and political theorist. He served as the first and founding head of government of Soviet Russia from 1917 to 1 ...

, who wrote on

Karl Marx Karl Heinrich Marx (; 5 May 1818 – 14 March 1883) was a German philosopher, economist, historian, sociologist, political theorist, journalist, critic of political economy, and socialist revolutionary. His best-known titles are the 1848 ...

, botanist

Kliment Timiryazev Kliment Arkadievich Timiryazev (russian: Климент Аркадьевич Тимирязев, surname sometimes transliterated as Timiriazev; – 28 April 1920) was a Russian Imperial botanist and physiologist and a major proponent of the ...

, anthropologist

Dmitry Anuchin Dmitry Nikolayevich Anuchin ( Russian: Дми́трий Никола́евич Ану́чин; 27 August 1843 – 4 June 1923) was a Russian Empire anthropologist, ethnographist, archaeologist, and geographer. He was a member of the Russian Geo ...

, biologist

Ilya Mechnikov Ilya, Iliya, Ilia, Ilja, or Ilija (russian: Илья́, Il'ja, , or russian: Илия́, Ilija, ; uk, Ілля́, Illia, ; be, Ілья́, Iĺja ) is the East Slavic form of the male Hebrew name Eliyahu (Eliahu), meaning "My God is Yahu/Jah." ...

and economist Alexander Konyus. Unlike the '' Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary'', the ''Granat Encyclopedic Dictionary'' was written primarily by Russian authors.

References

External links

Online Russian version
Book series introduced in 1910 Russian dictionaries Russian-language encyclopedias 20th-century encyclopedias {{encyclopedia-stub