''Glyptothorax'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nom ...

catfish Catfish (or catfishes; order Siluriformes or Nematognathi) are a diverse group of ray-finned fish. Named for their prominent barbels, which resemble a cat's whiskers, catfish range in size and behavior from the three largest species alive, ...

order Order, ORDER or Orders may refer to: * Categorization, the process in which ideas and objects are recognized, differentiated, and understood * Heterarchy, a system of organization wherein the elements have the potential to be ranked a number of ...

Siluriformes Catfish (or catfishes; order Siluriformes or Nematognathi) are a diverse group of ray-finned fish. Named for their prominent barbels, which resemble a cat's whiskers, catfish range in size and behavior from the three largest species alive, ...

of the family

Sisoridae Sisoridae is a family of catfishes. These Asian catfishes live in fast-moving waters and often have adaptations that allow them to adhere to objects in their habitats. The family includes about 235 species. Taxonomy The family Sisoridae is recog ...

. It is the most species-rich and widely distributed genus in the

family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...

with new species being discovered on a regular basis. These

species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriat ...

are distributed in the

Black Sea The Black Sea is a marginal mediterranean sea of the Atlantic Ocean lying between Europe and Asia, east of the Balkans, south of the East European Plain, west of the Caucasus, and north of Anatolia. It is bounded by Bulgaria, Georgia, Rom ...

basin, northern

Turkey Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with a small portion on the Balkan Peninsula ...

, south and east to the

Yangtze River The Yangtze or Yangzi ( or ; ) is the longest river in Asia, the third-longest in the world, and the longest in the world to flow entirely within one country. It rises at Jari Hill in the Tanggula Mountains (Tibetan Plateau) and flows ...

drainage in

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, most populous country, with a Population of China, population exceeding 1.4 billion, slig ...

and south throughout Indo-China to

Java Java (; id, Jawa, ; jv, ꦗꦮ; su, ) is one of the Greater Sunda Islands in Indonesia. It is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the south and the Java Sea to the north. With a population of 151.6 million people, Java is the world's mo ...

Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Gui ...

. They are found in

Asia Minor Anatolia, tr, Anadolu Yarımadası), and the Anatolian plateau, also known as Asia Minor, is a large peninsula in Western Asia and the westernmost protrusion of the Asian continent. It constitutes the major part of modern-day Turkey. The re ...

(in the

Tigris The Tigris () is the easternmost of the two great rivers that define Mesopotamia, the other being the Euphrates. The river flows south from the mountains of the Armenian Highlands through the Syrian and Arabian Deserts, and empties into the ...

and

Euphrates River The Euphrates () is the longest and one of the most historically important rivers of Western Asia. Together with the Tigris, it is one of the two defining rivers of Mesopotamia ( ''the land between the rivers''). Originating in Turkey, the Eup ...

drainages) and southwards to

Southeast Asia Southeast Asia, also spelled South East Asia and South-East Asia, and also known as Southeastern Asia, South-eastern Asia or SEA, is the geographical south-eastern region of Asia, consisting of the regions that are situated south of mainland ...

. The genus is very diverse in the

Indian subcontinent The Indian subcontinent is a physiographical region in Southern Asia. It is situated on the Indian Plate, projecting southwards into the Indian Ocean from the Himalayas. Geopolitically, it includes the countries of Bangladesh, Bhutan, In ...

Southeast Asian Southeast Asia, also spelled South East Asia and South-East Asia, and also known as Southeastern Asia, South-eastern Asia or SEA, is the geographical south-eastern region of Asia, consisting of the regions that are situated south of mainland ...

species tend to have restricted distributions.

Description

This genus is easily distinguished from other sisorids by having an adhesive apparatus on the

thorax The thorax or chest is a part of the anatomy of humans, mammals, and other tetrapod animals located between the neck and the abdomen. In insects, crustaceans, and the extinct trilobites, the thorax is one of the three main divisions of the c ...

with grooves parallel or oblique to the longitudinal axis of the body, as opposed to grooves transverse to the longitudinal axis of body or the thoracic adhesive apparatus entirely absent. The

dorsal fin A dorsal fin is a fin located on the back of most marine and freshwater vertebrates within various taxa of the animal kingdom. Many species of animals possessing dorsal fins are not particularly closely related to each other, though through c ...

and

pectoral fin Fins are distinctive anatomical features composed of bony spines or rays protruding from the body of a fish. They are covered with skin and joined together either in a webbed fashion, as seen in most bony fish, or similar to a flipper, as se ...

s have strong

spine Spine or spinal may refer to: Science Biology * Vertebral column, also known as the backbone * Dendritic spine, a small membranous protrusion from a neuron's dendrite * Thorns, spines, and prickles, needle-like structures in plants * Spine (zoolo ...

s. The dorsal fin spine is smooth or

serrate Serration is a saw-like appearance or a row of sharp or tooth-like projections. A serrated cutting edge has many small points of contact with the material being cut. By having less contact area than a smooth blade or other edge, the applied p ...

on the front edge and smooth or finely serrated on the posterior edge. The pectoral fin spine is serrated on the front edge. The head is small and depressed and the snout is conical. The body is elongate, from moderately to greatly depressed. The

skin Skin is the layer of usually soft, flexible outer tissue covering the body of a vertebrate animal, with three main functions: protection, regulation, and sensation. Other animal coverings, such as the arthropod exoskeleton, have different ...

is either smooth or tuberculate. The eyes are small and dorsally placed. The lips are thick, fleshy and often papillate. The maxillary barbels have a well-developed membrane and a soft base. The

gill A gill () is a respiratory organ that many aquatic organisms use to extract dissolved oxygen from water and to excrete carbon dioxide. The gills of some species, such as hermit crabs, have adapted to allow respiration on land provided they ar ...

openings are wide. The paired fins are plaited and modified to form an adhesive apparatus in some species of ''Glyptothorax''.

Ecology

Like other sisorids, these fish are

rheophilic A rheophile is an animal that prefers to live in fast-moving water. Examples of rheophilic animals Insects *Many aquatic insects living in riffles require current to survive. *'' Epeorus sylvicola'', a rheophilic mayfly species ( Ephemeroptera ...

, that is they inhabit fast-flowing streams, where they are adapted to live by using the adhesive apparatus on the underside to attach themselves to rocks and prevent being washed away.

Species

There are currently 104 recognized species in this genus: * '' Glyptothorax alaknandi''

Tilak In Dharmic culture, the ''tilaka'' ( sa, तिलक) () is a mark worn usually on the forehead, at the point of the Ajna chakra, or sometimes another part of the body such as the neck, hand, chest or arm. ''Tilaka'' may be worn daily or for ...

, 1969 * '' Glyptothorax alidaeii'' Mousavi-Sabet, Eagderi, Vatandoust and Freyhof, 2021 * '' Glyptothorax anamalaiensis''

Silas Silas or Silvanus (; Greek: Σίλας/Σιλουανός; fl. 1st century AD) was a leading member of the Early Christian community, who according to the New Testament accompanied Paul the Apostle on his second missionary journey. Name and et ...

, 1952 * '' Glyptothorax annandalei'' Hora, 1923 * '' Glyptothorax armeniacus'' ( L. S. Berg, 1918) (Armenian mountain catfish) * '' Glyptothorax ater'' Anganthoibi & Vishwanath, 2011 * '' Glyptothorax botius'' ( F. Hamilton, 1822) * '' Glyptothorax buchanani'' H. M. Smith, 1945 * '' Glyptothorax burmanicus''

Prashad 200px, Prasad thaal offered to Swaminarayan temple in Ahmedabad ">Shri Swaminarayan Mandir, Ahmedabad">Swaminarayan temple in Ahmedabad Prasada (, Sanskrit: प्रसाद, ), Prasadam or Prasad is a religious offering in Hinduism. Most ...

& Mukerji, 1929 * '' Glyptothorax callopterus'' H. M. Smith, 1945 * '' Glyptothorax caudimaculatus'' Anganthoibi & Vishwanath, 2011 * '' Glyptothorax cavia'' ( F. Hamilton, 1822) * '' Glyptothorax chimtuipuiensis'' Anganthoibi & Vishwanath, 2010 * '' Glyptothorax chindwinica'' Vishwanath & Linthoingambi, 2007 * '' Glyptothorax churamanii'' Rameshori & Vishwanath, 2012 * '' Glyptothorax clavatus'' Rameshori & Vishwanath, 2014 * '' Glyptothorax conirostris'' (

Steindachner Franz Steindachner (11 November 1834 in Vienna – 10 December 1919 in Vienna) was an Austrian zoologist, ichthyologist, and herpetologist. He published over 200 papers on fishes and over 50 papers on reptiles and amphibians. Steindachner describ ...

, 1867) * '' Glyptothorax coracinus'' H. H. Ng & Rainboth, 2008 * '' Glyptothorax cous'' (

Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the ...

, 1766) * '' Glyptothorax cyanochloros'' ( Bleeker, 1847) * '' Glyptothorax davissinghi'' Manimekalan & H. S. Das, 1998 * '' Glyptothorax deqinensis'' T. P. Mo & X. L. Chu, 1986 * '' Glyptothorax dikrongensis''

Tamang The Tamang (; Devanagari: तामाङ; ''tāmāṅ'') are an Tibeto-Burmese ethnic group of Nepal. In Nepal Tamang/Moormi people constitute 5.6% of the Nepalese population at over 1.3 million in 2001, increasing to 1,539,830 as of the 2011 ...

Chaudhry Chowdhury is a title of honour, usually hereditary, originating from the Indian subcontinent. It is an adaption from Sanskrit. During the Mughal rule, it was a title awarded to eminent people, while during British rule, the term was associate ...

, 2011 * '' Glyptothorax dorsalis'' Vinciguerra, 1890 * '' Glyptothorax elankadensis'' Plamoottil &

Abraham Abraham, ; ar, , , name=, group= (originally Abram) is the common Hebrew patriarch of the Abrahamic religions, including Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. In Judaism, he is the founding father of the special relationship between the Je ...

, 2013 (Travancore rock catfish) * '' Glyptothorax exodon'' H. H. Ng & Rachmatika, 2005 * '' Glyptothorax filicatus'' H. H. Ng & Freyhof, 2008 * '' Glyptothorax fokiensis'' (

Rendahl Carl Hialmar Rendahl (born Jönköping 26 December 1891; died Stockholm 2 May 1969) was a Swedish zoologist, cartoonist and painter. He is most famous in Sweden for his authorship of ''Fågelboken'', the "bird book" which sold 60,000 copies. R ...

( de), 1925) * '' Glyptothorax fucatus'' W. S. Jiang, H. H. Ng, J. X. Yang & X. Y. Chen, 2012 * '' Glyptothorax fuscus'' Fowler, 1934 * '' Glyptothorax garhwali''

, 1969 * '' Glyptothorax gracilis'' ( Günther, 1864) * '' Glyptothorax granosus'' W. S. Jiang, H. H. Ng, J. X. Yang & X. Y. Chen, 2012 * '' Glyptothorax granulus'' Vishwanath & Linthoingambi, 2007 * '' Glyptothorax hainanensis'' (

Nichols Nichols may refer to: People *Nichols (surname) *Nichol, a surname Places Canada * Nichols Islands, Nunavut United States * Nichols, California, an unincorporated community * Nichols Canyon, Los Angeles, California * Nichols, Connecticut * Nich ...

& C. H. Pope, 1927) * '' Glyptothorax honghensis'' S. S. Li, 1984 * '' Glyptothorax horai'' ( Fowler, 1934) * '' Glyptothorax housei'' Herre, 1942 * '' Glyptothorax igniculus'' H. H. Ng & S. O. Kullander, 2013 * '' Glyptothorax indicus''

Talwar The talwar (), also spelled ''talwaar'' and ''tulwar'', is a type of curved sword or sabre from the Indian subcontinent. Etymology and classification The word ''talwar'' originated from the Sanskrit word ''taravāri'' ( sa, तरवारि) ...

, 1991 * '' Glyptothorax interspinalus'' ( Đ. Y. Mai, 1978) * '' Glyptothorax jalalensis'' Balon ( pl) & K. Hensel, 1970 * '' Glyptothorax jayarami'' Rameshori & Vishwanath, 2012 * ''

Glyptothorax kashmirensis ''Glyptothorax kashmirensis'' is a species of catfish that was described by Sunder Lal Hora in 1923. ''Glyptothorax kashmirensis'' is a species in genus Glyptothorax, family Sisoridae and order Siluriformes. IUCN categorise the species as criti ...

'' Hora, 1923 * '' Glyptothorax ketambe'' H. H. Ng & Hadiaty, 2009 * ''

Glyptothorax kudremukhensis ''Glyptothorax kudremukhensis'' is a species of catfish in family Sisoridae and was described by K.C. Gopi in 2007. It is endemic to the Western Ghats and only known from the Tunga River from inside the Kudremukh National Park. IUCN categorise ...

Boulenger Boulenger is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Benjamin Boulenger (born 1990), French footballer * Edward George Boulenger (1888–1946), British zoologist, director of aquarium at London Zoo * George Albert Boulenger (1858– ...

, 1894) * '' Glyptothorax malabarensis'' K. C. Gopi, 2010 * '' Glyptothorax manipurensis'' Menon, 1955 * '' Glyptothorax mibangi'' Darshan,

Dutta Dutta, also spelled Dutt or Datta, is a Hindu family name found primarily among Bengali Kayasthas,Assamese Kayasthas and also among Suvarna Baniks, Gandhabaniks in India. The name is also found among certain North Indian Brahmin communities ...

, Kachari,

Gogoi Gogoi (Assamese: গগৈ) is an Assamese surname, used by many communities of Assam including Ahoms and some other communities . The word originates from the Deori word 'Gogoi' which means Younger brother in Deori language. This surname was g ...

& D. N. Das, 2015 * '' Glyptothorax minimaculatus'' S. S. Li, 1984 * '' Glyptothorax naziri'' Mirza & I. U. Naik, 1969 * '' Glyptothorax nelsoni'' Ganguly, N. C. Datta & S. Sen, 1972 * '' Glyptothorax ngapang'' Vishwanath & Linthoingambi, 2007 * '' Glyptothorax nieuwenhuisi'' ( Vaillant, 1902) * '' Glyptothorax obliquimaculatus'' W. S. Jiang, X. Y. Chen & J. X. Yang, 2010 * '' Glyptothorax pallozonus'' ( S. Y. Lin, 1934) * '' Glyptothorax panda''

Ferraris Ferrari S.p.A. (; ) is an Italian luxury sports car manufacturer based in Maranello, Italy. Founded by Enzo Ferrari (1898–1988) in 1939 from the Alfa Romeo racing division as ''Auto Avio Costruzioni'', the company built its first car in ...

Britz Britz () is a German locality (''Ortsteil'') within the Berlin borough (''Bezirk'') of Neukölln. History The village of ''Britzig'' was first mentioned in 1273. It was incorporated by the 1920 Greater Berlin Act. It is known for being the site ...

, 2005 * '' Glyptothorax pantherinus'' Anganthoibi & Vishwanath, 2013 * '' Glyptothorax pasighatensis'' Arunkumar, 2016 Arunkumar, L. (2016): ''Glyptothorax pasighatensis'', a new species of catfish (Teleostei: Sisoridae) from Arunachal Pradesh, Northeastern India. ''International Journal of Pure and Applied Zoology, 4 (2): 179-185.'' * '' Glyptothorax pectinopterus'' (

McClelland McClelland is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Alyssa McClelland, Australian actress * Charles A. McClelland (1917–2006), American political systems analyst * Charles P. McClelland (1854–1944), New York politician, and US ...

, 1842) * '' Glyptothorax pedunculatus'' Roberts, 2021Roberts, T.R. (2021): ''Glyptothorax pedunculatus'', a New Species of Sumatran Sisorid Catfish with Slender Caudal Peduncle and Simple Thoracic Adhesive Organ. ''aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology'', 27 (1): 1-4.'' * '' Glyptothorax platypogon''

Valenciennes Valenciennes (, also , , ; nl, label=also Dutch, Valencijn; pcd, Valincyinnes or ; la, Valentianae) is a commune in the Nord department, Hauts-de-France, France. It lies on the Scheldt () river. Although the city and region experienced a ...

, 1840 * '' Glyptothorax platypogonides'' ( Bleeker, 1855) * '' Glyptothorax plectilis'' H. H. Ng & Hadiaty, 2008 * '' Glyptothorax poonaensis'' Hora, 1938 * '' Glyptothorax prashadi'' Mukerji, 1932 * '' Glyptothorax punjabensis'' Mirza &

Kashmiri Kashmiri may refer to: * People or things related to the Kashmir Valley or the broader region of Kashmir * Kashmiris, an ethnic group native to the Kashmir Valley * Kashmiri language, their language People with the name * Kashmiri Saikia Baruah ...

, 1971 * '' Glyptothorax quadriocellatus'' ( Đ. Y. Mai, 1978) * '' Glyptothorax radiolus'' H. H. Ng & Lalramliana, 2013 Ng, H.H. & Lalramliana (2013): ''Glyptothorax radiolus'', a new species of sisorid catfish (Osteichthyes: Siluriformes) from northeastern India, with a redescription of ''G. striatus'' McClelland 1842. ''Zootaxa, 3682 (4): 501–512.'' * '' Glyptothorax rugimentum'' H. H. Ng &

Kottelat Maurice Kottelat (born 16 July 1957 in Delémont, SwitzerlandCo ...

, 2008 * '' Glyptothorax rupiri'' (L. Kosygin, P. Singh & S. Rath, 2021) * '' Glyptothorax saisii'' ( J. T. Jenkins, 1910) * '' Glyptothorax schmidti'' ( Volz, 1904) * '' Glyptothorax scrobiculus'' H. H. Ng & Lalramliana, 2012 * '' Glyptothorax senapatiensis'' Premananda,

Kosygin Alexei Nikolayevich Kosygin ( rus, Алексе́й Никола́евич Косы́гин, p=ɐlʲɪkˈsʲej nʲɪkɐˈla(j)ɪvʲɪtɕ kɐˈsɨɡʲɪn; – 18 December 1980) was a Soviet statesman during the Cold War. He served as the Premi ...

Saidullah Sartōr Faqīr ( ps, سرتور فقير; died 1917), also known as "Mullah Mastan or Mullah Mastana"Easwaran p. 49 Pipi Faqir or Saidullah in PashtoBeattie p. 171 and by the British as "The Great Fakir" or "Mad Faqir", "Mad Faqir of Swat" or the " ...

, 2015 * '' Glyptothorax siamensis'' Hora, 1923 * '' Glyptothorax silviae'' Coad, 1981 * '' Glyptothorax sinensis'' (

Regan The family name Regan, along with its cognates O'Regan, O Regan, Reagan, and O'Reagan, is an Anglicized form of the Irish surname Ó Riagáin or Ó Ríogáin, from Ua Riagáin. The meaning is likely to have originated in ancient Gaelic ''ri'' ...

, 1908) * '' Glyptothorax steindachneri'' ( Pietschmann, 1913) * '' Glyptothorax stocki'' Mirza & Nijssen, 1978 * '' Glyptothorax stolickai'' (

, 1867) * '' Glyptothorax strabonis'' H. H. Ng & Freyhof, 2008 * '' Glyptothorax striatus'' (

, 1842) * '' Glyptothorax sufii'' K. Asghar Bashir & Mirza, 1975 * '' Glyptothorax sykesi'' ( F. Day, 1873) * '' Glyptothorax trewavasae'' Hora, 1938 * '' Glyptothorax trilineatus'' Blyth, 1860 (Three-lined catfish) * '' Glyptothorax ventrolineatus'' Vishwanath & Linthoingambi, 2006 * '' Glyptothorax verrucosus'' Rameshori & Vishwanath, 2012 * '' Glyptothorax zanaensis'' X. W. Wu, M. J. He & X. L. Chu, 1981 * '' Glyptothorax zhujiangensis'' Y. H. Lin, 2003

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q2154962 Fauna of Turkey Fish of Asia Fish of China Fish of Indonesia Fish of Southeast Asia Freshwater fish genera Catfish genera Taxa named by Edward Blyth