The Globigerinina is a

suborder Order ( la, ordo) is one of the eight major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy. It is classified between family and class. In biological classification, the order is a taxonomic rank used in the classification of organisms and ...

foraminifera Foraminifera (; Latin for "hole bearers"; informally called "forams") are single-celled organisms, members of a phylum or class of amoeboid protists characterized by streaming granular ectoplasm for catching food and other uses; and commonly ...

ns that are found as marine

plankton Plankton are the diverse collection of organisms found in water (or air) that are unable to propel themselves against a current (or wind). The individual organisms constituting plankton are called plankters. In the ocean, they provide a cruc ...

. They produce

hyaline A hyaline substance is one with a glassy appearance. The word is derived from el, ὑάλινος, translit=hyálinos, lit=transparent, and el, ὕαλος, translit=hýalos, lit=crystal, glass, label=none. Histopathology Hyaline cartilage is ...

calcareous Calcareous () is an adjective meaning "mostly or partly composed of calcium carbonate", in other words, containing lime or being chalky. The term is used in a wide variety of scientific disciplines. In zoology ''Calcareous'' is used as an ad ...

tests Test(s), testing, or TEST may refer to: * Test (assessment), an educational assessment intended to measure the respondents' knowledge or other abilities Arts and entertainment * ''Test'' (2013 film), an American film * ''Test'' (2014 film), ...

, and are known as fossils from the

Jurassic The Jurassic ( ) is a geologic period and stratigraphic system that spanned from the end of the Triassic Period million years ago (Mya) to the beginning of the Cretaceous Period, approximately Mya. The Jurassic constitutes the middle period of ...

period onwards. The group has included more than 100 genera and over 400 species, of which about 30 species are extant. One of the most important genera is '' Globigerina''; vast areas of the ocean floor are covered with ''Globigerina''

ooze Ooze may refer to: * Pelagic sediments, fine-grained sediments on the ocean floor, containing at least 30% biogenous material Games * Ooze (''Dungeons & Dragons''), a type of monster in the ''Dungeons & Dragons'' role-playing game * '' The Ooze ...

(named by Murray and Renard in 1873), dominated by the shells of planktonic forms.

Description

Globigerinids are characterized by distinctly perforate planispiral or trochospiral tests composed of lamellar radial

(glassy) calcite, with typically globular chambers and single interiomarginal aperture. Some however have multiple or auxiliary apertures, and in some the aperture is areal or terminal in location. Some, also, have keels, reinforcing thickenings along exterior angles. An adaptation to the planktonic habit is the development of long narrow spines that support a frothy buoyant ectoplasm.

Superfamilies and families

The Globigerinina are now divided into these superfamilies and families:Rotaliida
World Foraminifera Database, accessed 27 November 2018 * superfamily Globigerinitoidea Bermúdez, 1961 ** family Globigerinitidae Bermúdez, 1961 * superfamily Globigerinoidea Carpenter et al., 1862 ** family Globigerinidae Carpenter & al., 1862 ** family Hastigerinidae Bolli, Loeblich & Tappan, 1957 * superfamily Globorotalioidea Cushman, 1927 ** family Candeinidae Cushman, 1927 ** family Catapsydracidae Bolli & al., 1957 † ** family Eoglobigerinidae Blow, 1979 † ** family Globorotaliidae Cushman, 1927 ** family Pulleniatinidae Cushman, 1927 ** family Truncorotaloididae Loeblich & Tappan, 1961 † * superfamily Globotruncanoidea Brotzen, 1942 † ** family Globotruncanidae Brotzen, 1942 † ** family Rugoglobigerinidae Subbotina, 1959 † * superfamily Guembelitrioidea Montanaro Gallitelli, 1957 ** family Cassigerinellidae Bolli & al., 1957 † ** family Chiloguembelinidae Reiss, 1963 ** family Guembelitriidae Montanaro Gallitelli, 1957 * superfamily Hantkeninoidea Cushman, 1927 ** family Hantkeninidae Cushman, 1927 † * superfamily

Heterohelicoidea Heterohelicoidea is a superfamily of middle Jurassic to Oligocene planktonic forams characterized by biserial or triserial tests, at least in the early stage, that may be reduced in the later stage but more commonly show chamber proliferation in ...

Cushman, 1927 ** family

Heterohelicidae Heterohelicidae is a family of foraminifera Foraminifera (; Latin for "hole bearers"; informally called "forams") are single-celled organisms, members of a phylum or class of amoeboid protists characterized by streaming granular ectoplasm ...

Cushman, 1927 * superfamily Planomalinoidea Bolli et al., 1957 † ** family Globigerinelloididae Longoria, 1974 † ** family Planomalinidae Bolli & al., 1957 † ** family Schackoinidae Pokorny, 1958 † * superfamily Rotaliporoidea Sigal, 1958 † ** family Conoglobigerinidae Boudagher-Fadel et al., 1997 † ** family Favusellidae Michael, 1973 † ** family Globuligerinidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1984 † ** family Hedbergellidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1961 † ** family Praehedbergellidae Banner & Desai, 1988 † ** family Rotaliporidae Sigal, 1958 † ** family Sphaerogerinidae BouDagher-Fadel et al., 2012 †

References

* Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Globigerina".

Encyclopædia Britannica The (Latin for "British Encyclopædia") is a general knowledge English-language encyclopaedia. It is published by Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.; the company has existed since the 18th century, although it has changed ownership various t ...

(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press * Cushman Joseph A 1950 Foraminifera, their classification and economic use (4th ed)

Harvard University Press Harvard University Press (HUP) is a publishing house established on January 13, 1913, as a division of Harvard University, and focused on academic publishing. It is a member of the Association of American University Presses. After the retir ...

, Cambridge, Massachusetts * Loeblich, A. R. Jr and H. Tappan, 1964. Sarcodina Chiefly "Thecamoebians" and Foraminiferida;

Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology The ''Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology'' (or ''TIP'') published by the Geological Society of America and the University of Kansas Press, is a definitive multi-authored work of some 50 volumes, written by more than 300 paleontologists, and ...

, part C Protista 2. *___—____, 1988
Classification of the Foraminifera
* Sen Gupta B. K. 1992.
Systematics of Modern Foraminifera

External links

{{Taxonbar, from=Q8964261 Rotaliida