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''Globigerina'' () is a genus of
plankton Plankton are the diverse collection of organisms found in water (or air) that are unable to propel themselves against a current (or wind). The individual organisms constituting plankton are called plankters. In the ocean, they provide a crucia ...
ic
Foraminifera Foraminifera (; Latin for "hole bearers"; informally called "forams") are single-celled organisms, members of a phylum or class of amoeboid protists characterized by streaming granular ectoplasm for catching food and other uses; and commonly ...
, in the order of
Rotaliida The Rotaliida are an order of Foraminifera, characterized by multilocular tests (shells) composed of bilamellar perforate hyaline lamellar calcite that may be optically radial or granular. In form, rotaliid tests are typically enrolled, but ma ...
.Globigerina
World Foraminifera Database, accessed 3 December 2018
It has populated the world's oceans since the Middle
Jurassic The Jurassic ( ) is a geologic period and stratigraphic system that spanned from the end of the Triassic Period million years ago (Mya) to the beginning of the Cretaceous Period, approximately Mya. The Jurassic constitutes the middle period of ...
.


''Globigerina'' ooze

Vast areas of the ocean floor are covered with ''Globigerina'' ooze, dominated by the foraminiferous shells of ''Globigerina'' and other
Globigerinina The Globigerinina is a suborder of foraminiferans that are found as marine plankton. They produce hyaline calcareous tests, and are known as fossils from the Jurassic period onwards. The group has included more than 100 genera and over 400 spec ...
. The name was originally applied to mud collected from the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean when planning the location of the first transatlantic telegraph cables and it was mainly composed of the shells of '' Globigerina bulloides''.


Description

''Globigerina'' has a globose, trochospirally enrolled test composed of spherical to ovate but not radially elongate chambers that enlarge rapidly as added, commonly with only three to five in the final whorl. The test (or shell) wall is calcareous, perforate, with cylindrical pores. During life the surface has numerous long slender spines that are broken on dead or fossil shells, the short blunt remnants resulting in a hispid surface. The aperture a high umbilical arch that may be bordered by an imperforate rim or narrow lip. No secondary apertures.


Species

''Globigerina'' includes the following species (extinct species marked with a dagger, †) *'' Globigerina bulloides'' d'Orbigny, 1826 *'' Globigerina compacta'' Hofker, 1956 † *'' Globigerina cretacea'' d'Orbigny, 1840 † (later reclassified as '' Muricohedbergella delrioensis'') *'' Globigerina dubia'' Egger, 1857 † *'' Globigerina falconensis'' Blow, 1959 *'' Globigerina hexagona'' Natland, 1938 *'' Globigerina paratriloculinoides'' Hofker, 1956 † *'' Globigerina paravenezuelana'' Hofker, 1956 † *'' Globigerina protoreticulata'' Hofker, 1956 † *'' Globigerina pseudocretacea'' Hofker, 1956 † *'' Globigerina stainforthi'' Hofker, 1956 † *'' Globigerina supracretacea'' Hofker, 1956


References

* Alfred R. Loeblich Jr. and Helen Tappan, 1964. Sarcodina Chiefly "Thecamoebians" and Foraminiferida; Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part C Protista 2. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press. * Alfred R. Loeblich Jr. and Helen Tappan, 1988. Forminiferal Genera and their Classification

GSI E-book {{Taxonbar, from=Q5571051 Rotaliida genera Fossil taxa described in 1826 Extant Jurassic first appearances