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Georges Devereux (born György Dobó; 13 September 1908 – 28 May 1985) was a Hungarian- French
ethnologist Ethnology (from the grc-gre, ἔθνος, meaning 'nation') is an academic field that compares and analyzes the characteristics of different peoples and the relationships between them (compare cultural, social, or sociocultural anthropology). ...
and
psychoanalyst PsychoanalysisFrom Greek: + . is a set of theories and therapeutic techniques"What is psychoanalysis? Of course, one is supposed to answer that it is many things — a theory, a research method, a therapy, a body of knowledge. In what might be ...
, often considered the founder of ethnopsychiatry.Andrew P. Lyons, Harriet D. Lyons, ''Irregular Connections: A History of Anthropology and Sexuality''
(Critical Studies in the History of Anthropology), Paperback Edition, University of Nebraska Press, 2005, pp. 243-249
He was born into a
Jewish Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The ...
family in the
Banat Banat (, ; hu, Bánság; sr, Банат, Banat) is a geographical and historical region that straddles Central and Eastern Europe and which is currently divided among three countries: the eastern part lies in western Romania (the counties of ...
, Austria-Hungary (now Romania). His family moved to France following World War I. He studied the
Malayan language The Malayic languages are a branch of the Malayo-Polynesian subgroup of the Austronesian language family. The most prominent member is Malay, which is the national language of Brunei, Singapore and Malaysia; it further serves as basis for Ind ...
in Paris, completing work at the ''Institut d'Ethnologie''. In 1933 he converted to Catholicism and changed his name to Georges Devereux. At that time, he traveled for the first time to the United States to do fieldwork among the Mohave Indians, completing his doctorate in anthropology at
University of California at Berkeley The University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley, Berkeley, Cal, or California) is a public land-grant research university in Berkeley, California. Established in 1868 as the University of California, it is the state's first land-grant univ ...
in 1936. In the postwar years, Devereux became a
psychoanalyst PsychoanalysisFrom Greek: + . is a set of theories and therapeutic techniques"What is psychoanalysis? Of course, one is supposed to answer that it is many things — a theory, a research method, a therapy, a body of knowledge. In what might be ...
, working with the Winter Veterans Hospital and
Menninger Clinic The Menninger Foundation was founded in 1919 by the Menninger family in Topeka, Kansas. The Menninger Foundation, known locally as Menninger's, consists of a clinic, a sanatorium, and a school of psychiatry, all of which bear the Menninger name ...
in
Topeka, Kansas Topeka ( ; Kansa: ; iow, Dópikˀe, script=Latn or ) is the capital city of the U.S. state of Kansas and the seat of Shawnee County. It is along the Kansas River in the central part of Shawnee County, in northeast Kansas, in the Central Unit ...
. He treated Native Americans by drawing on his anthropology background. A pioneer, he is "well regarded among French and American scholars interested in psychoanalytic anthropology". Devereux taught at several colleges in the United States, returning to Paris about 1962 at the invitation of anthropologist Claude Levi-Strauss. He was appointed as director of studies of Section VI at the noted
École pratique des hautes études The École pratique des hautes études (), abbreviated EPHE, is a Grand Établissement in Paris, France. It is highly selective, and counted among France's most prestigious research and higher education institutions. It is a constituent college ...
(EPHE) in Paris, where he worked from 1963 to 1981. In addition, he had a private clinical practice. Devereux published more than 400 texts. In 1993 the Centre George Devereux was founded in his honor at the
University of Paris The University of Paris (french: link=no, Université de Paris), metonymically known as the Sorbonne (), was the leading university in Paris, France, active from 1150 to 1970, with the exception between 1793 and 1806 under the French Revolution. ...
8 Saint-Denis, to offer care to students and people in the community. His 1951 work, ''Reality and Dream'', about his ethnopsychoanalysis of a Native American
Blackfoot The Blackfoot Confederacy, ''Niitsitapi'' or ''Siksikaitsitapi'' (ᖹᐟᒧᐧᒣᑯ, meaning "the people" or " Blackfoot-speaking real people"), is a historic collective name for linguistically related groups that make up the Blackfoot or Bla ...
man, was adapted as a French film, ''Jimmy P: Psychotherapy of a Plains Indian'' (2013), written and directed by
Arnaud Desplechin Arnaud Desplechin (; born 31 October 1960) is a French film director and screenwriter. In 2016, he won the César Award for Best Director for '' My Golden Days'' (2015). Life and career Desplechin was born in Roubaix. He is the son of Robert and ...
. George Devereux is buried in the
Colorado River Indian Tribes The Colorado River Indian Tribes (Mojave language 'Aha Havasuu, Navajo language: Tó Ntsʼósíkooh Bibąąhgi Bitsįʼ Yishtłizhii Bináhásdzo) is a federally recognized tribe consisting of the four distinct ethnic groups associated with the C ...
(CRIT) cemetery in Parker, Arizona. The land is the CRIT reservation.


Biography

He was born György Dobó in 1908, in
Lugoj Lugoj (; hu, Lugos; german: Lugosch; sr, Лугош, Lugoš; bg, Лугож; tr, Logoş) is a city in Timiș County, Romania. The Timiș River divides the city into two halves, the so-called "Romanian Lugoj" that spreads on the right bank and t ...
, the
Banat Banat (, ; hu, Bánság; sr, Банат, Banat) is a geographical and historical region that straddles Central and Eastern Europe and which is currently divided among three countries: the eastern part lies in western Romania (the counties of ...
, now in
Romania Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Moldova to the east, and ...
and then part of
Austria-Hungary Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire,, the Dual Monarchy, or Austria, was a constitutional monarchy and great power in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. It was formed with the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1 ...
. His family was Hungarian Jewish and bourgeois. His father was a lawyer, and his mother of ethnic German Jewish background. Devereux had a rather difficult relationship with his mother. He said that the "insincerity of the adults", their "lack of respect for the world of the children" was a formative experience of his childhood and youth. His cousin was
Edward Teller Edward Teller ( hu, Teller Ede; January 15, 1908 – September 9, 2003) was a Hungarian-American theoretical physicist who is known colloquially as "the father of the hydrogen bomb" (see the Teller–Ulam design), although he did not care fo ...
. As a youngster growing up in that imperial and cosmopolitan world, and later in France, Dobó learned and spoke four languages: Hungarian, Romanian, German, and French. He studied piano seriously as a youth but, after an unsuccessful operation to correct a problem with his hand, had to give up his dream of performing professionally. His older brother committed
suicide Suicide is the act of intentionally causing one's own death. Mental disorders (including depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, personality disorders, anxiety disorders), physical disorders (such as chronic fatigue syndrome), and sub ...
.


Education and early career in France

Following the breakup of Austria-Hungary after World War I, the Dobó family left Romania for France. as a youth, Georgy studied chemistry and physics with
Marie Curie Marie Salomea Skłodowska–Curie ( , , ; born Maria Salomea Skłodowska, ; 7 November 1867 – 4 July 1934) was a Polish and naturalized-French physicist and chemist who conducted pioneering research on radioactivity. She was the first ...
in Paris. He was looking for ‘objective truth’ in physics and 'subjective' truth in music. In his later writings, he often referred to notions taken from the natural sciences. He became ill and had to interrupt his studies. After recovering, Dobó moved to
Leipzig Leipzig ( , ; Upper Saxon: ) is the most populous city in the German state of Saxony. Leipzig's population of 605,407 inhabitants (1.1 million in the larger urban zone) as of 2021 places the city as Germany's eighth most populous, as we ...
, Germany, to begin an apprenticeship in a publishing house. He returned to Paris upon completion and, taking a new direction, he enrolled at the École des langues orientales, known as INALCO, where he studied the
Malay language Malay (; ms, Bahasa Melayu, links=no, Jawi: , Rencong: ) is an Austronesian language that is an official language of Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore, and that is also spoken in East Timor and parts of the Philippines and ...
, qualifying in 1931. He became a pupil of
Marcel Mauss Marcel Mauss (; 10 May 1872 – 10 February 1950) was a French sociologist and anthropologist known as the "father of French ethnology". The nephew of Émile Durkheim, Mauss, in his academic work, crossed the boundaries between sociology and a ...
and
Paul Rivet Paul Rivet (7 May 1876, Wasigny, Ardennes – 21 March 1958) was a French ethnologist known for founding the Musée de l'Homme in 1937. In his professional work, Rivet is known for his theory that South America was originally populated i ...
in
anthropology Anthropology is the scientific study of humanity, concerned with human behavior, human biology, cultures, societies, and linguistics, in both the present and past, including past human species. Social anthropology studies patterns of behavi ...
, graduating from the ''Institut d'ethnologie''."Devereux, Georges", in: Gérald Gaillard, ''The Routledge Dictionary of Anthropologists''
, Psychology Press, 2004, p. 181, accessed 21 August 2014
He also befriended
Klaus Mann Klaus Heinrich Thomas Mann (18 November 1906 – 21 May 1949) was a German writer and dissident. He was the son of Thomas Mann, a nephew of Heinrich Mann and brother of Erika Mann, with whom he maintained a lifelong close relationship, and Gol ...
. During this period, Dobó wrote a novel, ''Le faune dans l’enfer bourgeois'' he faun in the bourgeois hell which has not been published. From 1931 to 1935, Dobó worked at the Musee d'histoire naturelle (Natural History Museum) as a junior researcher. After completing his ''licence ès lettres'' (B.A.), he received a grant/scholarship in 1932 from the
Rockefeller Foundation The Rockefeller Foundation is an American private foundation and philanthropic medical research and arts funding organization based at 420 Fifth Avenue, New York City. The second-oldest major philanthropic institution in America, after the Carne ...
in New York to do fieldwork in the United States.


Work in the United States

He moved to the southwest, doing
fieldwork Field research, field studies, or fieldwork is the collection of raw data outside a laboratory, library, or workplace setting. The approaches and methods used in field research vary across disciplines. For example, biologists who conduct fi ...
among the Mohave, Hopi, Yuma, and Cocopa in the California, Nevada and Arizona areas. His early days in the United States proved to be difficult. "Among the young American anthropologists with whom he collaborated during his preparative stage he encountered only distrust and contempt; when, being asked about his teachers, he mentioned the names Mauss,
Rivet A rivet is a permanent mechanical fastener. Before being installed, a rivet consists of a smooth cylindrical shaft with a head on one end. The end opposite to the head is called the ''tail''. On installation, the rivet is placed in a punched ...
and Lévy-Bruhl, he said.” Devereux considered his time with the Mohave to have been the happiest of his life. This was the first of five periods when he lived with and studied them. He noted that they paid much attention to their dreams as a culture. He learned how they used interpretation to gain aid from their dreams. He said they "converted him to
Freud Sigmund Freud ( , ; born Sigismund Schlomo Freud; 6 May 1856 – 23 September 1939) was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, a clinical method for evaluating and treating pathologies explained as originating in conflicts in ...
". In 1933 György Dobó converted to
Catholicism The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...
, and adopted the French name of Georges Devereux. As part of his anthropology work, he later traveled to
Indochina Mainland Southeast Asia, also known as the Indochinese Peninsula or Indochina, is the continental portion of Southeast Asia. It lies east of the Indian subcontinent and south of Mainland China and is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the west an ...
to live among and study the Sedang Moi. Devereux completed his PhD in anthropology in 1936 at the
University of California-Berkeley The University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley, Berkeley, Cal, or California) is a public land-grant research university in Berkeley, California. Established in 1868 as the University of California, it is the state's first land-grant univ ...
, working under
Alfred Kroeber Alfred Louis Kroeber (June 11, 1876 – October 5, 1960) was an American cultural anthropologist. He received his PhD under Franz Boas at Columbia University in 1901, the first doctorate in anthropology awarded by Columbia. He was also the firs ...
. Deeply interested in the use of dreams, Devereux decided to study
psychoanalysis PsychoanalysisFrom Greek: + . is a set of theories and therapeutic techniques"What is psychoanalysis? Of course, one is supposed to answer that it is many things — a theory, a research method, a therapy, a body of knowledge. In what might ...
, still a new field of study in the United States. He was analyzed by Marc Schlumberger and Robert Jokl. He completed his analytical training in 1952 at the Topeka Institute of Psychoanalysis in Kansas, now part of the
Menninger Clinic The Menninger Foundation was founded in 1919 by the Menninger family in Topeka, Kansas. The Menninger Foundation, known locally as Menninger's, consists of a clinic, a sanatorium, and a school of psychiatry, all of which bear the Menninger name ...
. In the early 21st century, the Clinic moved to Houston and became affiliated with Baylor College of Medicine. From 1945 to 1953 Devereux was associated with the Winter Veterans Hospital in Topeka as ethnologist and research director. He treated and studied several Native Americans suffering from mental illness in this period, including Jimmy Picard, a
Blackfoot The Blackfoot Confederacy, ''Niitsitapi'' or ''Siksikaitsitapi'' (ᖹᐟᒧᐧᒣᑯ, meaning "the people" or " Blackfoot-speaking real people"), is a historic collective name for linguistically related groups that make up the Blackfoot or Bla ...
whom he wrote about. He drew from his anthropology background to treat these men. From 1953 to 1955 Devereux worked in
Philadelphia Philadelphia, often called Philly, is the largest city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, the sixth-largest city in the U.S., the second-largest city in both the Northeast megalopolis and Mid-Atlantic regions after New York City. Since ...
, Pennsylvania with children and teenagers at the Devereux School (no relation to him). In 1956 he was appointed as professor of ethnopsychiatry to the medical faculty of
Temple University Temple University (Temple or TU) is a public state-related research university in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was founded in 1884 by the Baptist minister Russell Conwell and his congregation Grace Baptist Church of Philadelphia then called ...
in that city. In 1959 he moved to New York City, where he taught ethnology at Columbia University. In this period, Devereux was finally accepted as a member of the
American Psychoanalytic Association The American Psychoanalytic Association (APsaA) is an association of psychoanalysts in the United States. APsaA serves as a scientific and professional organization with a focus on education, research, and membership development. APsaA comprises ...
and also with the Société psychanalytique de Paris.


Return to France

On the initiative of noted anthropologist
Claude Lévi-Strauss Claude Lévi-Strauss (, ; 28 November 1908 – 30 October 2009) was a French anthropologist and ethnologist whose work was key in the development of the theories of structuralism and structural anthropology. He held the chair of Social Anth ...
, who had introduced
structuralism In sociology, anthropology, archaeology, history, philosophy, and linguistics, structuralism is a general theory of culture and methodology that implies that elements of human culture must be understood by way of their relationship to a broader s ...
to the field, Devereux was invited in 1963 to teach at Section VI of the
École pratique des hautes études The École pratique des hautes études (), abbreviated EPHE, is a Grand Établissement in Paris, France. It is highly selective, and counted among France's most prestigious research and higher education institutions. It is a constituent college ...
(EPHE) in Paris. Founded after World War II, the new section was devoted to Economic and Social Sciences. He became director of studies, and taught there until 1981. (Since 1975, this section spun off, founding the new
École des hautes études en sciences sociales The School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences (french: École des hautes études en sciences sociales; EHESS) is a graduate ''grande école'' and ''grand établissement'' in Paris focused on academic research in the social sciences. The ...
(EHESS). His chief work in methodology, ''From Anxiety to Method in the Behavioral Sciences'', was published in 1967. Devereux also worked with private patients, and wrote and published extensively. During the last years of his life, Devereux studied classical Greek history and culture. He published a book about the place of prophetic dreams in Greek
tragedies Tragedy (from the grc-gre, τραγῳδία, ''tragōidia'', ''tragōidia'') is a genre of drama based on human suffering and, mainly, the terrible or sorrowful events that befall a main character. Traditionally, the intention of tragedy i ...
.


Methodology

In ''From Anxiety to Method in the Behavioral Sciences'', Devereux suggested rethinking the question of the relation between the observer and the observed. He based his concept on psychoanalysis. He believed that the researcher's goal to make his observations from a strictly objective point of view was impossible to practice and could be counterproductive. Instead the observer needed to be in the middle of the process and to keep in mind that whatever he observed was always influenced by his own activity of observing. He recognized that the only data to which the observer had access were his own perceptions, his reaction to reactions he provoked. According to Devereux, the observer must think about his relation to the observed in the same manner as an analyst would do in his relation to his analysand. The analyst works with the
transference Transference (german: Übertragung) is a phenomenon within psychotherapy in which the "feelings, attitudes, or desires" a person had about one thing are subconsciously projected onto the here-and-now Other. It usually concerns feelings from ...
he triggers and with the
countertransference Countertransference is defined as redirection of a psychotherapist's feelings toward a client – or, more generally, as a therapist's emotional entanglement with a client. Early formulations The phenomenon of countertransference (german: G ...
he can perceive from the patient. In any study where the subject relates to the subjectivity of human beings (or even of animals), Devereux believed this process should be used. In addition to using his own experiences, Devereux closely studied
Claude Lévi-Strauss Claude Lévi-Strauss (, ; 28 November 1908 – 30 October 2009) was a French anthropologist and ethnologist whose work was key in the development of the theories of structuralism and structural anthropology. He held the chair of Social Anth ...
' ''
Tristes tropiques ''Tristes Tropiques'' (the French title translates literally as "Sad Tropics") is a memoir, first published in France in 1955, by the anthropologist and structuralist Claude Lévi-Strauss. It documents his travels and anthropological work, focus ...
'' World on the Wane a classic work of his anthropology studies among indigenous peoples in Brazil;
Georges Balandier Georges Balandier (21 December 1920 – 5 October 2016) was a French sociologist, anthropologist and ethnologist noted for his research in Sub-Saharan Africa. Balandier was born in Aillevillers-et-Lyaumont. He was a professor at the Sorbonne ( ...
s ''Afrique ambiguë'' mbiguous Africa: Cultures in Collision and Condominas' ''L'Exotique au quotidien''. He described these as " ��the only major attempts known to me to appraise the impact of his data and of his scientific activity upon the scientist". Devereux is considered among the group of French-speaking anthropologists who established new lines of research in the postwar period."Georges Devereux", Routledge, p. 292 Together with a former student, Tobie Nathan, he founded the journal, ''Ethnopsychiatrica'' in the 1970s.


Influence

According to George Gaillard, Devereux has been more influential in Europe than in North America in terms of ethnopsychiatry. Andrew and Harrit Lyons have assessed him as important in both France and the United States to those interested in psychoanalytic anthropology. Since the late 20th century, numerous American anthropologists have published studies that acknowledge and stress the subjectivity of researchers, noting they are in the middle and influence the work, as Devereux and Levi-Strauss noted. He also applied this insight to psychoanalysis. In France, Tobie Nathan and Marie Rose Moro continue Devereux's ethnopsychiatric work, especially in psychotherapy with immigrants. In Switzerland the second generation of the "Zurich School" of ethnopsychoanalysis, Mario Erdheim, Maya Nadig, Florence Weiss, etc., has been deeply influenced by Devereux's methodological approach.


Legacy

* Avicennes Hospital in France established the first clinic for ethnopsychiatry.Tobie Nathan, translated from the French by Catherine Grandsard, "Georges Devereux and Clinical Ethnopsychiatry"
n.d, Centre Georges Devereux, accessed 24 August 2014
*1993, the Centre George Devereux was founded in his honor at the University of Paris 8 Saint Denis, as part of the Psychology Department. It runs a clinic for ethnopsychiatry, aiding students as well as members of the community, including immigrants. *His book, ''Reality and Dream: Psychotherapy of a Plains Indian'' (1951), about his psychoanalytic work with a Blackfoot Indian in the United States, was adapted as a French film, '' Jimmy P: Psychotherapy of a Plains Indian'' (2013), written and directed by
Arnaud Desplechin Arnaud Desplechin (; born 31 October 1960) is a French film director and screenwriter. In 2016, he won the César Award for Best Director for '' My Golden Days'' (2015). Life and career Desplechin was born in Roubaix. He is the son of Robert and ...
, and starring
Benicio del Toro Benicio Monserrate Rafael del Toro Sánchez (born February 19, 1967) is a Puerto Rican actor and producer. He has garnered critical acclaim and numerous accolades, including an Academy Award, a BAFTA Award, a Golden Globe Award, two Screen Act ...
as Jimmy Picard, and
Mathieu Amalric Mathieu Amalric (; born 25 October 1965) is a French actor and filmmaker. He is best known internationally for his roles in the James Bond film ''Quantum of Solace'', in which he played the lead villain, Steven Spielberg's ''Munich'', Wes And ...
as Georges Devereux. It was nominated for numerous awards, including three Césars.


Writings (selection)

Devereux published more than 400 texts. Among them: * ''Reality and Dream: Psychotherapy of a Plains Indian'', New York: International Univ. Press, 1951 * ''A Study of Abortion in Primitive Societies; a typological, distributional, and dynamic analysis of the prevention of birth in 400 pre-industrial societies'', New York: Julian Press, 1955 * ''From Anxiety to Method in the Behavioral Sciences'', The Hague tc.. Mouton, 1967 * ''Mohave ethnopsychiatry and suicide: the psychiatric knowledge and the psychic disturbances of an Indian tribe'', St. Clair Shores, Michigan: Scholarly Press, 1976 * ''Ethnopsychoanalysis: psychoanalysis and anthropology as complementary frames of reference'', Berkeley: University of California Press, 1978 * ''Basic problems of ethnopsychiatry'', Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1980 * ''Dreams in Greek Tragedy: An Ethno-Psycho-Analytical Study'', University of California Press, 1976 * ''Les Femmes et les psychotiques dans les sociétés traditionelles'', (edited by Devereux), Paris 1981 * Femme et Mythe, Paris: Flammarion, 1982 * ''Baubo, la vulve mythique'', Paris: J.-C. Godefroy, 1983 * ''The character of the Euripidean Hippolytos: an ethno-psychoanalytical study'', Chico, Calif.: Scholars Press, 1985. * ''Cléomène le roi fou. Etude d'histoire ethnopsychanalytique'', Paris: Aubier Montaigne, 1998, * correspondence Henri Ellenberger-George Devereux, in: ''Ethno-psychiatry'' (Emmanuel Delille ed.), Lyon, ENS Éditions, 2017. http://books.openedition.org/enseditions/7967


See also

* Paul Parin * Henri Ellenberger


References


Secondary literature

English
Gérald Gaillard, "Devereux, Georges" in: ''The Routledge Dictionary of Anthropologists''
, Psychology Press, 2004, pp. 181 and 292
Andrew P. Lyons, Harriet D. Lyons, ''Irregular Connections: A History of Anthropology and Sexuality''
(Critical Studies in the History of Anthropology), Paperback Edition, University of Nebraska Press, 2005

n.d, Centre Georges Devereux *Simone Valentin, “Devereux, Georges (1908-1985)” in: ''International Dictionary of Psychoanalysis'', Detroit: Thomson Gale 2005, vol. 1, A-F, pp. 409–410. *Emmanuel Delille, "On the History of Cultural Psychiatry: Georges Devereux, Henri Ellenberger, and the Psychological Treatment of Native Americans in the 1950s", ''Transcultural Psychiatry'', 53 (3), 2016, pp. 392–411 French * Marie-Christine Beck: "La jeunesse de Georges Devereux. Un chemin peu habituel vers la psychanalyse". In: ''Revue Internationale d'Histoire de la Psychanalyse'', 1991, 4, pp. 581–603 * Elisabeth Burgos, "Georges Devereux, Mohave": ''Le Coq Héron'', n°109, 1988, pp. 71–75 * Françoise Michel-Jones: "Georges Devereux et l'ethnologie française. Rencontre et malentendu", In: ''Nouvelle revue d'Ethnopsychiatrie'', 1986, n°6, pp. 81–94 * Simone Valantin-Charasson, Ariane Deluz: ''Contrefiliations et inspirations paradoxales. Georges Devereux (1908-1985)''. In: ''Revue Internationale d'Histoire de la Psychanalyse''. 1991, 4, pp. 605–617
Tobie Nathan, ''Devereux, un hébreu anarchiste''
préface à Georges Devereux, ''Ethnopsychiatrie des Indiens Mohaves'', Paris, Synthélabo, 1996. * Emmanuel Delille, "De la psychiatrie exotique aux réseaux universitaires de psychiatrie culturelle: pour une histoire de l’ethnopsychiatrie comme corpus de savoirs en période de transition (1945-1965)", in: H. Ellenberger, ''Ethno-psychiatrie'', Lyon, ENS Éditions, 2017, pp. 9–1115. German *Georges Devereux: 'Es gibt eine kulturell neutrale Psychotherapie. Gespräch mit Georges Devereux'. In: Hans Jürgen Heinrichs (hg.): ''Das Fremde verstehen. Gespräche über Alltag, Normalität und Anormalität''. Frankfurt, Paris: Qumran, 1982, pp. 15–32 * Ulrike Bokelmann: 'Georges Devereux'. In: Hans Peter Duerr: ''Die wilde Seele. Zur Ethnopsychoanalyse von Georges Devereux'', Frankfurt: Suhrkamp 1987, pp. 9–31 * Klaus-Dieter Brauner: ''Kultur und Symptom. Über wissenschaftstheoretische und methodologische Grundlagen von George Devereux' Konzeption einer Ethnopsychoanalyse und Ethnopsychiatrie''. Frankfurt am Main, Bern, New York: Peter Lang, 1986 * Hans Peter Duerr (Hg.): ''Die wilde Seele. Zur Ethnopsychoanalyse von Georges Devereux''. Frankfurt: Suhrkamp, 1987 *Johannes Reichmayr: ''Einführung in die Ethnopsychoanalyse. Geschichte, Theorien und Methoden''. Frankfurt am Main: Fischer, 2001, – Revised new edition: Giesssen:Psychosozial-Verlag, 2003, * Ekkehard Schröder (Hg.): ''Georges Devereux zum 75. Geburtstag. Eine Festschrift'', Braunschweig tc. Vieweg, 1984


External links


Centre Georges Devereux
( Université de Paris VIII)
Vie et Œuvre de Georges Devereux
by Patrick Fermi {{DEFAULTSORT:Devereux, George French ethnologists 1908 births 1985 deaths People from Lugoj Hungarian Jews Hungarian Roman Catholics Converts to Roman Catholicism from Judaism École pratique des hautes études faculty University of California, Berkeley alumni Hungarian expatriates in the United States French anthropologists Jewish psychoanalysts 20th-century anthropologists Hungarian emigrants to France Baylor College of Medicine people