Albert Auguste Gabriel Hanotaux, known as Gabriel Hanotaux (19 November 1853 – 11 April 1944) was a French statesman and

historian A historian is a person who studies and writes about the past and is regarded as an authority on it. Historians are concerned with the continuous, methodical narrative and research of past events as relating to the human race; as well as the st ...

Biography

He was born at

Beaurevoir Beaurevoir is a commune in the department of Aisne in Hauts-de-France in northern France. Population See also * Communes of the Aisne department The following is a list of the 799 communes in the French department of Aisne. The commu ...

in the ''

département In the administrative divisions of France, the department (french: département, ) is one of the three levels of government under the national level (" territorial collectivities"), between the administrative regions and the communes. Ninety ...

'' of Aisne. He studied history at the École des Chartes, and became '' maître de conférence'' in the

École des Hautes Études École may refer to: * an elementary school in the French educational stages normally followed by secondary education establishments (collège and lycée) * École (river), a tributary of the Seine flowing in région Île-de-France * École, Savoi ...

. His political career was that of a civil servant rather than a party politician. In 1879 he entered the ministry of foreign affairs as a secretary, and rose gradually through the diplomatic service. In 1886, he was elected deputy for Aisne, but, defeated in 1889, he returned to his diplomatic career, and on 31 May 1894 accepted the offer of Charles Dupuy to be minister of foreign affairs. With one interruption (from 28 October 1895 to 29 April 1896, during the ministry of

Leon Bourgeois Leon, Léon (French) or León (Spanish) may refer to: Places Europe * León, Spain, capital city of the Province of León * Province of León, Spain * Kingdom of León, an independent state in the Iberian Peninsula from 910 to 1230 and again f ...

) he held this portfolio until 14 June 1898. During his ministry he developed the ''rapprochement'' of France with Russia—visiting

Saint Petersburg Saint Petersburg ( rus, links=no, Санкт-Петербург, a=Ru-Sankt Peterburg Leningrad Petrograd Piter.ogg, r=Sankt-Peterburg, p=ˈsankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk), formerly known as Petrograd (1914–1924) and later Leningrad (1924–1991), i ...

with the president,

Félix Faure Félix François Faure (; 30 January 1841 – 16 February 1899) was the President of France from 1895 until his death in 1899. A native of Paris, he worked as a tanner in his younger years. Faure became a member of the Chamber of Deputies for ...

—and sought to delimit the

French colonies From the 16th to the 17th centuries, the First French colonial empire stretched from a total area at its peak in 1680 to over , the second largest empire in the world at the time behind only the Spanish Empire. During the 19th and 20th centuri ...

in Africa through agreements with the British. The

Fashoda Incident The Fashoda Incident, also known as the Fashoda Crisis (French: ''Crise de Fachoda''), was an international incident and the climax of imperialist territorial disputes between Britain and France in East Africa, occurring in 1898. A French exped ...

of July 1898 was the most notable result of this policy. This seems to have intensified Hanotaux's distrust of England, which is apparent in his literary works (though most of these were written after he had left the Quai d'Orsay). Hanotaux was elected a member of the Académie française on 1 April 1897. He served as a delegate for France with the

League of Nations The League of Nations (french: link=no, Société des Nations ) was the first worldwide intergovernmental organisation whose principal mission was to maintain world peace. It was founded on 10 January 1920 by the Paris Peace Conference that ...

and participated in the 1st (15 November – 18 December 1920), 2nd (5 September – 5 October 1921), 3rd (4–30 September 1922) and 4th Assemblies (3–29 September 1923). In the early 1920s, there were proposals for the League of Nations to accept Esperanto as a working language. Ten delegates accepted the proposals with only one voice against, the French delegate, Gabriel Hanotaux. The French employed their veto as a member of the League Council on all such votes, starting with the vote on December 18, 1920. Hanotaux did not like how the French language was losing its position as the international language of diplomacy and saw Esperanto as a threat. Gabriel Hanotaux died in Paris in 1944 and was interred in the

Passy Cemetery Passy Cemetery (french: Cimetière de Passy) is a small cemetery in Passy, in the 16th arrondissement of Paris, France. History The current cemetery replaced the old cemetery (''l'ancien cimetière communal de Passy'', located on Rue Lekain), ...

. His home in Orchaise now serves as a

botanical garden A botanical garden or botanic gardenThe terms ''botanic'' and ''botanical'' and ''garden'' or ''gardens'' are used more-or-less interchangeably, although the word ''botanic'' is generally reserved for the earlier, more traditional gardens, an ...

, the Parc botanique du Prieuré d'Orchaise.

Works

* ''Les Villes retrouvées'' (1881) * ''Origines de l'institution des intendants des provinces, d'après les documents inédits'' (1884) * ''Henri Martin, sa vie, ses œuvres, son temps, 1810-1883'', Librairie Léopold Cerf, Paris, 1885, VII-340 p.,
Consultable en ligne
et téléchargeable sur

Internet Archive The Internet Archive is an American digital library with the stated mission of "universal access to all knowledge". It provides free public access to collections of digitized materials, including websites, software applications/games, music, ...

. * ''Études historiques sur le XVIe et le XVIIe en France'' (1886) * ''Recueil des instructions données aux ambassadeurs et ministres de France : depuis les traités de Westphalie jusqu'à la Révolution française'' (1888-1913) * ''Essai sur les libertés de l'Église gallicane depuis les origines jusqu'au règne de Louis XIV'' (1888) * ''Note sur la famille maternelle de Jean de La Fontaine (les Pidoux du Poitou et de l'Île-de-France)'' (1889) * ''Paris en 1614'' (1890) * ''Histoire du cardinal de Richelieu'' (1893-1903) * ''Les Hommes de 1889'' (1893) * ''L'Affaire de Madagascar'' (1896) * ''Tableau de la France en 1614, la France et la royauté avant Richelieu'' (1898) * ''La Seine et les quais, promenades d'un bibliophile'' (1901) * ''Du Choix d'une carrière'' (1902) * ''L'Énergie française'' (1902) * ''Histoire de la France contemporaine, 1871-1900'' (1903-1908
Vol. I : Le gouvernement de M. Thiers
Vol. II : La Présidence du Maréchal de Mac Mahon - L'échec de la MonarchieVol. III : La Présidence du Maréchal de Mac Mahon - La constitution de 1875
e
Vol. IV : La République Parlementaire
disponibles sur

* ''La Paix latine'' (1903) * '' La jeunesse de Balzac. Balzac imprimeur 1825-1828, with

Georges Vicaire Georges Vicaire (8 December 1853 – 4 November 1921) was a French bibliophile and bibliographer. The son of (1802-1865), General Director of forests, and Marthe Vicaire Blais, Georges Vicaire was the father of Jean Vicaire and (1893–1976), an ...

Paris, A. Ferroud, 1903, 1re édition. Librairie des Amateurs, A. Ferroud, F. Ferroud, 1921. La partie « Balzac imprimeur » recense et décrit tous les livres imprimés par Balzac dans son imprimerie. * ''Le Partage de l'Afrique : Fachoda'' (1909) * ''La Démocratie et le Travail'' (Flammarion, Bibliothèque de philosophie scientifique, 1910) * ''La Fleur des histoires françaises'' (1911) * ''Jeanne d'Arc'' (1911) * (1912) * ''Études diplomatiques. La Politique de l'équilibre, 1907-1911'' (1912) * ''Histoire de la nation française'' (1913) * ''La France vivante. En Amérique du Nord'' (1913) * ''Études diplomatiques. 2e série. La guerre des Balkans et l'Europe, 1912-1913'' (1914) * ''Les Villes martyres. Les falaises de l'Aisne'' (1915) * ''Pendant la grande guerre, I (août-décembre 1914) : études diplomatiques et historiques'' (1916) * ''L'Énigme de Charleroi'' (1917), l'Édition Française Illustrée, Paris * ''L'Aisne pendant la Grande guerre'' (1919) * ''Circuits des champs de bataille de France, histoire et itinéraires de la Grande guerre'' (1919) * ''De l'histoire et des historiens'' (1919) * ''Le Traité de Versailles du 28 juin 1919. L'Allemagne et l'Europe'' (1919) * ''Joffre'' (avec le lieutenant-colonel Fabry) (1921) * ''La Bataille de la Marne'' (1922) * ''Georges Vicaire. 1853-1921'' (1922) * ''Histoire illustrée de la guerre de 1914'', with illustrations by

Auguste-Louis Lepère Louis-Auguste Lepère (30 November 1849 – 20 November 1918) was a French painter and etcher. Lepère is also considered a leader in the creative revival of wood engraving in Europe. Biography Louis-Auguste Lepère was born in Paris. At the ag ...

Texte intégral
(1924) * ''Bibliophiles'' (1924) * ''Le Général Mangin'' (1925) * ''La Renaissance provençale. La Provence niçoise'' (1928) * ''Préface'' des ''Mémoires'' of , Plon, Paris (1928) * ''Histoire des colonies françaises et de l'expansion de la France dans le monde'' (1929-1934), with Alfred Martineau (Volume II ''Algérie''
available online
* ''Le Maréchal Foch ou l'homme de guerre'' (1929) * ''Regards sur l'Égypte et la Palestine'' (1929) * ''En Belgique par les pays dévastés'' (1931) * ''Histoire de la nation égyptienne'' (1931-1940) * ''L'Art religieux ancien dans le comté de Nice et en Provence'' (1932) * ''À propos de l'histoire'' (with

Paul Valéry Ambroise Paul Toussaint Jules Valéry (; 30 October 1871 – 20 July 1945) was a French poet, essayist, and philosopher. In addition to his poetry and fiction (drama and dialogues), his interests included aphorisms on art, history, letters, mus ...

) (1933) * ''Mon temps'' (1935-1947) * ''Pour l'Empire colonial français'' (1935) * ''Raymond Poincaré'' (1935) Four volumes of his memoir, ''Mon Temps'' were published between 1933 and 1947. He edited the ''Instructions des ambassadeurs de France à Rome, depuis les traités de Westphalie'' (1888).

Notes

References

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External links

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Hanotaux, Gabriel 1853 births 1944 deaths People from Aisne Politicians from Hauts-de-France French republicans French Foreign Ministers French Ministers of Overseas France Members of the 4th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic Ambassadors of France to the Holy See 19th-century French historians 20th-century French historians French male writers 19th-century male writers École Nationale des Chartes alumni Members of the Académie Française Grand Officiers of the Légion d'honneur Burials at Passy Cemetery