Guanshanhu District (), formerly the Jinyang New Area (JYND; ), is one of 6 urban districts of the

prefecture-level city A prefecture-level city () or prefectural city is an administrative division of the China, People's Republic of China (PRC), ranking below a province of China, province and above a Counties of the People's Republic of China, county in China's ...

Guiyang Guiyang; Mandarin pronunciation: ; Chinese postal romanization, alternatively as Kweiyang is the capital of Guizhou, Guizhou province in China. It is centrally located within the province, on the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau, eastern part of the Yun ...

, the capital of

Guizhou Province ) , image_skyline = , image_caption = , image_map = Guizhou in China (+all claims hatched).svg , mapsize = 275px , map_alt = Map showing the location of Guizhou Province , map_caption = Map s ...

, in

Southwest China Southwestern China () is a region in the People's Republic of China. It consists of five provincial administrative regions, namely Chongqing, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, and Xizang. Geography Southwestern China is a rugged and mountainous region, ...

. Located to the northwest of Guiyang's city centre, Guanshanhu District is situated beyond the city's mountains on high-plains interspersed with rolling hills,Guiyang City Government Website
, retrieved 2009-11-18 at an average altitude of . The district spans an area of , and has a population of 642,634 as of 2020. As a new city district of Guiyang, the Guanshanhu District is focused on government, finance, real estate, high-tech, transportation, aerospace and commercial services. Since its inception in 2001, through the end of 2008, 43 billion yuan was invested in the Guanshanhu District. Guanshanhu District is home to Guiyang's municipal government offices.

Toponymy

Prior to being established as a

district A district is a type of administrative division that in some countries is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or county, counties, several municipality, municip ...

, the area was incorporated as the Jinyang New Area (JYND; ). However, in order to avoid confusion with

Jinyang County Jinyang County ( zh, s=金阳县; ) is a county of Sichuan Province, China. It is under the administration of the Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture. Administrative divisions Jinyang County comprises 9 towns and 6 townships A township is a ...

Sichuan Sichuan is a province in Southwestern China, occupying the Sichuan Basin and Tibetan Plateau—between the Jinsha River to the west, the Daba Mountains to the north, and the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau to the south. Its capital city is Cheng ...

(which is written and pronounced identically), upon the area's re-organization as a district, it was renamed to Guanshanhu District (), after a prominent

lake A lake is often a naturally occurring, relatively large and fixed body of water on or near the Earth's surface. It is localized in a basin or interconnected basins surrounded by dry land. Lakes lie completely on land and are separate from ...

in the district.

History

In the early part of 2000, the municipal government of

devised a plan to build a new urban area to the northwest of the existing core, in response to the increased congestion caused by the city's recent growth. On April 14, the municipal government established a group to organize the development of such an area, then-called the Jinyang New Area (JYND; ). The Jinyang New Area was first carved out of areas from Wudang District and Baiyun District, and was transferred additional areas from the two

districts A district is a type of administrative division that in some countries is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or counties, several municipalities, subdivisions ...

in 2006 and 2007. By the end of 2011, the Jinyang New Area spanned an area of , and had a population of about 240,000. Guanshanhu District was formally established as a district on December 21, 2012. At the time of its establishment, the district spanned an area of , and had a population of 240,700.

Geography

Guanshanhu District spans west to east from 106° 33' to 106° 41', and south to north from 26°33' to 26°40'. 46.01% of the district's area is

forested A forest is an ecosystem characterized by a dense community of trees. Hundreds of definitions of forest are used throughout the world, incorporating factors such as tree density, tree height, land use, legal standing, and ecological functio ...

Climate

The district has a

humid subtropical climate A humid subtropical climate is a subtropical -temperate climate type, characterized by long and hot summers, and cool to mild winters. These climates normally lie on the southeast side of all continents (except Antarctica), generally between ...

Administrative divisions

Guanshanhu District administers seven

subdistricts A subdistrict or sub-district is an administrative division that is generally smaller than a district. Equivalents * Administrative posts of East Timor, formerly Portuguese-language * Kelurahan, in Indonesia * Mukim, a township in Brunei, Indon ...

and three

towns A town is a type of a human settlement, generally larger than a village but smaller than a city. The criteria for distinguishing a town vary globally, often depending on factors such as population size, economic character, administrative stat ...

. These

township-level divisions The administrative divisions of China have consisted of several levels since 1412, due to mainland China's large population and geographical area. In the People's Republic of China, the constitution provides for three levels of government. Ho ...

then, in turn, administer 49 administrative villages and 90 residential communities. The district's seven subdistricts are (宾阳街道), (云潭街道), (金华园街道), (长岭街道), (观山街道), (世纪城街道), and (金阳街道). The district's three towns are (金华镇), (朱昌镇), and (百花湖镇).

Demographics

Guanshanhu District had a permanent resident population of 642,634 per the

2020 Chinese Census The Seventh National Population Census of the People's Republic of China (), also referred to as the 2020 Chinese Census, was the seventh National Population Census of the People's Republic of China, national census conducted by the National Bure ...

. As of 2020, Guanshanhu District's population accounted for 10.73% of Guiyang's total population. 51.56% of Guanshanhu District's population is

male Male (Planet symbols, symbol: ♂) is the sex of an organism that produces the gamete (sex cell) known as sperm, which fuses with the larger female gamete, or Egg cell, ovum, in the process of fertilisation. A male organism cannot sexual repro ...

as of 2020, giving it a

sex ratio A sex ratio is the ratio of males to females in a population. As explained by Fisher's principle, for evolutionary reasons this is typically about 1:1 in species which reproduce sexually. However, many species deviate from an even sex ratio, ei ...

of 106.46 males per 100

females An organism's sex is female (symbol: ♀) if it produces the ovum (egg cell), the type of gamete (sex cell) that fuses with the male gamete (sperm cell) during sexual reproduction. A female has larger gametes than a male. Females and male ...

. 19.07% of the district's population is 14 years old or under as of 2020, 70.37% is between the ages of 15 and 59, and the remaining 10.56% is 60 years old or over. 7.07% of the district's population is 65 years and older. The district has a

crude birth rate Birth rate, also known as natality, is the total number of live human births per 1,000 population for a given period divided by the length of the period in years. The number of live births is normally taken from a universal registration syste ...

of 21.09 per thousand, and a crude death rate of 18.73 per thousand, giving it a

rate of natural increase In demography and population dynamics, the rate of natural increase (RNI), also known as natural population change, is defined as the birth rate minus the death rate of a particular population, over a particular time period. It is typically expre ...

of 2.36 per thousand.

Ethnic minorities The term "minority group" has different meanings, depending on the context. According to common usage, it can be defined simply as a group in society with the least number of individuals, or less than half of a population. Usually a minority g ...

in Guanshanhu District include the

Miao Miao may refer to: * Miao people, linguistically and culturally related group of people, recognized as such by the government of the People's Republic of China * Miao script or Pollard script, writing system used for Miao languages * Miao (Unicode ...

, the Bouyei, and the Tujia.

Historical population

The area's population has grown dramatically in the 21st century, largely driven by the relocation of major governmental and economic institutions to the district. From 2004 to 2008, the district's population grew from 70,000 to 180,000. By the end of 2011, the district's population was approximately 240,000, and was estimated to be about 240,700 by December 2012. Guanshanhu District's population continued to grow throughout the mid and late 2010s, reaching 642,634 by 2020.

Economy

As of 2020, Guanshanhu District has a

gross domestic product Gross domestic product (GDP) is a monetary measure of the total market value of all the final goods and services produced and rendered in a specific time period by a country or countries. GDP is often used to measure the economic performanc ...

(GDP) of 65.352 billion

renminbi The renminbi ( ; currency symbol, symbol: Yen and yuan sign, ¥; ISO 4217, ISO code: CNY; abbreviation: RMB), also known as the Chinese yuan, is the official currency of the China, People's Republic of China. The renminbi is issued by the Peop ...

(RMB), a 6.5% increase from the previous year. Of this, 0.441 billion RMB (0.67% of the total economy) comes from the district's

primary sector The primary sector of the economy includes any industry involved in the extraction and production of raw materials, such as farming, logging, fishing, forestry and mining. The primary sector tends to make up a larger portion of the economy in d ...

, 10.255 billion RMB (15.69%) comes from the district's

secondary sector In macroeconomics, the secondary sector of the economy is an economic sector in the three-sector theory that describes the role of manufacturing. It encompasses industries that produce a finished, usable product or are involved in constructi ...

, and 54.656 billion RMB (83.63%) comes from the district's

tertiary sector The tertiary sector of the economy, generally known as the service sector, is the third of the three economic sectors in the three-sector model (also known as the economic cycle). The others are the primary sector (raw materials) and the ...

. Guiyang's municipal government is seated in Guanshanhu District, and employs 20,000 people and is adjacent to the sprawling Guanshanhu Park in the district's center.Guiyang City Government Website
, (in Chinese), retrieved 2009-11-10 Century Town, located in the district's south, is the largest planned urban development in the district with 40,000 residences and the Century Town shopping complex with 3 interconnected shopping malls and several office buildings.Century Town Website
,(In Chinese), retrieved 2009-11-23. Guanshanhu District is also home to China West Technology Park (CWTP), a large hi-tech

office park A business park or office park is a designated area of land in which many office buildings are grouped together. These types of developments are often located in suburban areas where land and building costs are more affordable, and are typically ...

composed of seven class-A multi-use buildings comprising 174,000 square meters (1.8 million sq.ft.) of office, lab, meeting, residential, hotel, dining and retail space. It is anticipated that within 3 years of opening in 2012, between 6,000 and 10,000 workers will be employed in CWTP. Current tenants include the regional head offices of China Mingsheng Bank,

Sinopec China Petroleum and Chemical Corporation, or Sinopec Group, is a Chinese oil and gas enterprise based in Chaoyang District, Beijing. The SASAC administers China Petroleum and Chemical Corporation for the benefit of State Council of the ...

, and the Guizhou Province Talent City, a provincial-scale job market and training center JV between the Shanghai Municipal Government agency and the Guiyang High-Tech Development Zone administration. CWTP initial occupancy began in late 2012.China West Technology Park Website
(In Chinese) Retrieved 2009-11-22 In 2011, Guizhou Provincial General Hospital announced the location of a provincial medical center campus in the Guanshanhu District, north of the City's government administrative complex. The new medical campus is anticipated for completion in 2015-2016 and will be a large-scale medical and research center employing over 10,000 physician and staff. Guanshanhu District is home to the regional headquarters of several large companies including

China Mobile China Mobile is the trade name of both China Mobile Limited and its ultimate controlling shareholder, China Mobile Communications Group Co., Ltd., a Chinese State-owned enterprises of China, state-owned telecommunicationsStrait deals ''The Econ ...

, China Southern Coal, China Datang Corporation, China Hydro Engineering, and

Kweichow Moutai Kweichow Moutai Co. Ltd. (), commonly referred to as Kweichow Moutai (), is a Chinese company specializing in the production, sale, and distribution of Maotai liquor, a particular style of jiangxiang () baijiu. Since the establishment of the ...

.Article about company headquarters in Jinyang
Retrieved 2009-11-24

Minerals

Mineral deposits within Guanshanhu District include

coal Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock, formed as rock strata called coal seams. Coal is mostly carbon with variable amounts of other Chemical element, elements, chiefly hydrogen, sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen. Coal i ...

limestone Limestone is a type of carbonate rock, carbonate sedimentary rock which is the main source of the material Lime (material), lime. It is composed mostly of the minerals calcite and aragonite, which are different Polymorphism (materials science) ...

silicon Silicon is a chemical element; it has symbol Si and atomic number 14. It is a hard, brittle crystalline solid with a blue-grey metallic lustre, and is a tetravalent metalloid (sometimes considered a non-metal) and semiconductor. It is a membe ...

, and

barite Baryte, barite or barytes ( or ) is a mineral consisting of barium sulfate (Ba S O4). Baryte is generally white or colorless, and is the main source of the element barium. The ''baryte group'' consists of baryte, celestine (strontium sulfate), ...

Transportation

Road

The Guanshanhu District has a road network with a of signalized multi-lane roadways which provide access to the Guiyang–Zunyi Expressway, the Guiyang Outer Ring Road and Second Ring Road highways. The Gui-Zun Expressway, the Guiyang Outer Ring Road and Guiyang Second Ring Road highways pass through the district and are part of the national trunk highway system. These divided multi-lane motorways provide the district with rapid vehicular access to the city center,

Guiyang Longdongbao International Airport Guiyang Longdongbao International Airport is an international airport serving Guiyang, the capital of Southwest China’s Guizhou province, and the hub for Colorful Guizhou Airlines. The airport was opened on 28 May 1997 and adopted its curr ...

, and all points within Guizhou including the cities of

Zunyi Zunyi ( zh, s=遵义 , t=遵義 , p=Zūnyì) is a prefecture-level city in northern Guizhou province, People's Republic of China, situated between the provincial capital Guiyang to the south and Chongqing to the north, also bordering Sichuan to t ...

Anshun Anshun ( zh, s=安顺 , t=安順 , p=Ānshùn) is a prefecture-level city located in southwestern Guizhou province, southwest China, near the Huangguoshu Waterfall, the tallest in China. As of the 2010 census, it had a population of 2,297,339. ...

, and Kaili, as well as the large regional cities of

Chongqing ChongqingPostal Romanization, Previously romanized as Chungking ();. is a direct-administered municipality in Southwestern China. Chongqing is one of the four direct-administered municipalities under the State Council of the People's Republi ...

Chengdu Chengdu; Sichuanese dialects, Sichuanese pronunciation: , Standard Chinese pronunciation: ; Chinese postal romanization, previously Romanization of Chinese, romanized as Chengtu. is the capital city of the Chinese province of Sichuan. With a ...

Kunming Kunming is the capital and largest city of the province of Yunnan in China. The political, economic, communications and cultural centre of the province, Kunming is also the seat of the provincial government. During World War II, Kunming was a Ch ...

Guilin Guilin (Standard Zhuang: ''Gveilinz''), postal map romanization, formerly romanization of Chinese, romanized as Kweilin, is a prefecture-level city in the northeast of China's Guangxi, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. It is situated on the we ...

Changsha Changsha is the capital of Hunan, China. It is the 15th most populous city in China with a population of 10,513,100, the Central China#Cities with urban area over one million in population, third-most populous city in Central China, and the ...

Nanning Nanning; is the capital of the Guangxi, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in South China, southern China. It is known as the "Green City (绿城) " because of its abundance of lush subtropical foliage. Located in the South of Guangxi, Nanning ...

, and

Guangzhou Guangzhou, Chinese postal romanization, previously romanized as Canton or Kwangchow, is the Capital city, capital and largest city of Guangdong Provinces of China, province in South China, southern China. Located on the Pearl River about nor ...

. The

G75 Lanzhou–Haikou Expressway The Lanzhou–Haikou Expressway (), designated as G75 and commonly referred to as the Lanhai Expressway (), is an expressway in China that connects the cities of Lanzhou, Gansu, and Haikou, Hainan. When fully complete, it will be in length. It is ...

, the G60 Shanghai–Kunming Expressway, and the

G76 Xiamen–Chengdu Expressway The Xiamen–Chengdu Expressway (), designated as G76 and commonly referred to as the Xiarong Expressway () is an expressway in China that connects the cities of Xiamen, Fujian, and Chengdu, Sichuan. When complete, it will be in length. Route F ...

run through the

. Guanshanhu District is home to the JinYang Regional Bus Terminal, the largest coach and bus terminal in Guizhou Province, servicing over 7 million passengers annually.

Rail

Major railways that run through Guanshanhu District include the

Guiyang–Guangzhou high-speed railway Guiyang–Guangzhou high-speed railway, also known as the Guiguang HSR, is a high-speed railway line in southern China between Guiyang in Guizhou Province and Guangzhou in Guangdong Province. The railway is dedicated to high speed passenger rail ...

, the Shanghai–Kunming high-speed railway, the Chengdu–Guiyang high-speed railway, and the Chongqing–Guiyang high-speed railway all run through the district. The Guiyang–Nanning high-speed railway will also service the district upon completion. The district is home to the Guiyang North railway station, which is connected to the country's high-speed rail network. Situated in the eastern area of the Guanshanhu District, the station opened in December 2014. The station is serviced by passenger and freight service on CRH bullet trains that travel at average speed of . These bullet trains travel from Guiyang to Chongqing in 1.5 hours, Chengdu in 3 hours,

in 3 hours,

Shanghai Shanghai, Shanghainese: , Standard Chinese pronunciation: is a direct-administered municipality and the most populous urban area in China. The city is located on the Chinese shoreline on the southern estuary of the Yangtze River, with the ...

in 8 hours, and

Beijing Beijing, Chinese postal romanization, previously romanized as Peking, is the capital city of China. With more than 22 million residents, it is the world's List of national capitals by population, most populous national capital city as well as ...

in 9 hours.China Highway article about Guiyang High Speed Rail Station
(In Chinese), retrieved 2009-11-24 Other cities connected by rail include

and

Wuhan Wuhan; is the capital of Hubei, China. With a population of over eleven million, it is the most populous city in Hubei and the List of cities in China by population, eighth-most-populous city in China. It is also one of the nine National cent ...

. About 100 CRH bullet trains service the station daily. Both lines of the

Guiyang Metro The Guiyang Metro is a rapid transit system in the city of Guiyang, Guizhou province, China. It is operated and branded as Guiyang Urban Rail Transit (GYURT). A short northern section of Line 1 (Guiyang Metro), Line 1 opened on 28 December 2017, ...

run through Guanshanhu District, with 11 stations along Line 1 from through to servicing the district. Guiyang is currently building a three-line urban light rails system with the city's fline-1 of the system anticipated to be operational in 2015, connecting the Guanshanhu District to the older, established Guiyang central business district, several established high-density inner-city residential neighborhoods, and the airport.Guiyang Metro article about Jinyang
(In Chinese), retrieved 2009-11-10

Culture

Parks

Parks within Guanshanhu District include Guanshanhu Park (), Guiyang Karst Park (), Baihua Lake (), Baihua Lake Forest Park (), Xiaowanhe Wetlands Park (), Yueshan Lake Wetlands Park (), and Donglin Park ().

Sports

The Guiyang Olympic Sports Center in Guanshanhu District opened in 2011 and was host to the 9th Chinese Traditional Games for Ethnic Nationalities. The Olympic Center includes a 52,000 seat stadium, a swimming and diving hall, and 17 tennis courts. The total area is 289,000 square meters. The Center also used to host the Guizhou Renhe Football Club of the

Chinese Super League The Chinese Football Super League (), commonly known as the Chinese Super League or the CSL (), also known as the China Resources Beverage Chinese Football Super League for sponsorship reasons, is a professional association football league in Ch ...

prior to their relocation to

Tourism

Guiyang International Exhibition and Convention Center opened in 2011, with 2 million square meters of space, and can host conventions with as many as 20,000 visitors.Guiyang Web
(In Chinese), retrieved 2009-11-03. The Convention and Exhibition Center annually hosts the Global Eco-Forum Guiyang jointly sponsored by the Chinese Government and the United Nations. The Conference center also is adjacent to the new 366-room Hyatt Regency Guiyang,Hyatt Hotels website
, retrieved 2011-11-02 several smaller domestic hotels, and the Zhongtian Super Mall, a 330,000 square meter (3.5 million square feet) multi-level shopping center scheduled to open in 2014. The Marriott International Corporation opened the 340-room Renaissance Guiyang Hotel in February 2012.Marriott Renaissance Guiyang Website
Retrieved 2011-11-02 The hotel adjoins Guanshanhu Park and is also adjacent to the Municipal Government Administration Complex. Other major hotels in the district include the 306-room New World Hotel Guiyang, and the 351-room Empark Grand Hotel Guiyang.

References

External links

Guiyang City Government

Jinyang Government Website

Guiyang National High-Tech Industrial Development Zone

Guiyang City Government

Guiyang, City of Forests
{{New Area County-level divisions of Guizhou Guiyang New areas (China)