The Golden Gate Quartet (a.k.a. The Golden Gate Jubilee Quartet) is an American

vocal group A musical ensemble, also known as a music group, musical group, or a band is a group of people who perform instrumental and/or vocal music, with the ensemble typically known by a distinct name. Some music ensembles consist solely of instrume ...

. It was formed in 1934 and, with changes in membership, remains active.

Origins and early career

The group was founded as the Golden Gate Jubilee Singers in 1934, by four students at Booker T. Washington High School in

Norfolk, Virginia Norfolk ( ) is an independent city (United States), independent city in the U.S. state of Virginia. It had a population of 238,005 at the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, making it the List of cities in Virginia, third-most populous city ...

. According to the group's website, the original members were Willie Johnson (baritone; d. 1980), William Langford (tenor; d. 1970), Henry Owens (second tenor; d. 1970) and Orlandus Wilson (bass; 1917–1998); other sources state that Langford and Wilson replaced earlier members Robert "Peg" Ford and A.C. "Eddie" Griffin in 1935. From 1935, the group sang in churches and on local

radio Radio is the technology of communicating using radio waves. Radio waves are electromagnetic waves of frequency between 3 hertz (Hz) and 300 gigahertz (GHz). They are generated by an electronic device called a transmitter connec ...

, gaining a regular spot on radio station WIS in

Columbia, South Carolina Columbia is the List of capitals in the United States, capital city of the U.S. state of South Carolina. With a population of 136,632 at the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, it is List of municipalities in South Carolina, the second-mo ...

in 1936.Seamus McGarvey, ''The Golden Gate Quartet'', in ''

Juke Blues ''Juke Blues'' is a British magazine covering blues, R&B, gospel, soul, zydeco, and jazz. It was established in 1985 in London by Cilla Huggins, John Broven, and Bez Turner, and is now published in Bath, Somerset, England. Cilla Huggins has been ...

'' magazine, no. 71, 2011, pp. 42–45 They began as a traditional jubilee quartet, combining the clever arrangements associated with

barbershop quartet A barbershop quartet is a group of four singers who sing music in the barbershop style, characterized by four-part harmony without instrumental accompaniment (a cappella). The four voices are: the lead, the vocal part which typically carries t ...

s with rhythms borrowed from the

blues Blues is a music genre and musical form that originated among African Americans in the Deep South of the United States around the 1860s. Blues has incorporated spiritual (music), spirituals, work songs, field hollers, Ring shout, shouts, cha ...

and

jazz Jazz is a music genre that originated in the African-American communities of New Orleans, Louisiana, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Its roots are in blues, ragtime, European harmony, African rhythmic rituals, spirituals, h ...

scat singing Originating in vocal jazz, scat singing or scatting is vocal Musical improvisation, improvisation with Non-lexical vocables in music, wordless vocables, Pseudoword#Nonsense syllables, nonsense syllables or without words at all. In scat singing, t ...

. They developed a broad repertoire of styles – from Owens' mournful, understated approach in songs such as "Anyhow" or " Hush, Somebody's Calling My Name", to the group's highly

syncopated In music, syncopation is a variety of rhythms played together to make a piece of music, making part or all of a tune or piece of music off-beat (music), off-beat. More simply, syncopation is "a disturbance or interruption of the regular flow of ...

arrangements in " Shadrach, Meshach and Abednego". Like

The Mills Brothers The Mills Brothers, sometimes billed The Four Mills Brothers and originally known as Four Boys and a Guitar, were an American jazz and traditional pop vocal quartet who made more than 2,000 recordings that sold more than 50 million copies and g ...

in popular music, they would often include vocal special effects in their songs, imitating train sounds in songs such as "Golden Gate Gospel Train". Langford often sang lead, using his ability to range from

baritone A baritone is a type of classical music, classical male singing human voice, voice whose vocal range lies between the bass (voice type), bass and the tenor voice type, voice-types. It is the most common male voice. The term originates from the ...

falsetto Falsetto ( , ; Italian language, Italian diminutive of , "false") is the vocal register occupying the frequency range just above the modal voice register and overlapping with it by approximately one octave. It is produced by the vibration of the ...

, while Johnson narrated in a hip syncopated style that became the hallmark for the group. Wilson's bass served as the anchor for the group and Owens harmonized with Langford and Johnson. In 1937, they moved to station WBT in

Charlotte, North Carolina Charlotte ( ) is the List of municipalities in North Carolina, most populous city in the U.S. state of North Carolina and the county seat of Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, Mecklenburg County. The population was 874,579 at the 2020 United ...

, and soon afterwards won a contract with

Bluebird Records Bluebird Records is an American record label best known for its low-cost releases, primarily of children's music, blues, jazz and swing in the 1930s and 1940s. Bluebird was founded in 1932 as a lower-priced subsidiary label of RCA Victor. Bluebi ...

. After their first recording session on August 14, 1937, in which they recorded 14 songs in two hours, they were contracted to record 12 tracks per year. In 1938, they were recruited by John Hammond to appear at the first ''

From Spirituals To Swing ''From Spirituals to Swing'' was the title of two concerts presented by John Hammond in Carnegie Hall on 23 December 1938 and 24 December 1939. The concerts included performances by Count Basie, Benny Goodman, Big Joe Turner and Pete Johnson, ...

'' concert held at

Carnegie Hall Carnegie Hall ( ) is a concert venue in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. It is at 881 Seventh Avenue (Manhattan), Seventh Avenue, occupying the east side of Seventh Avenue between 56th Street (Manhattan), 56th and 57th Street (Manhattan), 57t ...

New York City New York, often called New York City (NYC), is the most populous city in the United States, located at the southern tip of New York State on one of the world's largest natural harbors. The city comprises five boroughs, each coextensive w ...

, after which their popularity grew. An example of their output during this popular period includes a 1938 recording of '

John the Revelator John of Patmos (also called John the Revelator, John the Divine, John the Theologian; ) is the name traditionally given to the author of the Book of Revelation. Revelation 1:9 states that John was on Patmos, an Aegean island off the coast of R ...

' being inducted into the

National Recording Registry The National Recording Registry is a list of sound recordings that "are culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant, and inform or reflect life in the United States." The registry was established by the National Recording Preservation ...

in 2005. They stayed in New York and were signed up for a residency at the

Cafe Society A coffeehouse, coffee shop, or café (), is an establishment that serves various types of coffee, espresso, latte, americano and cappuccino, among other hot beverages. Many coffeehouses in West Asia offer ''shisha'' (actually called ''nargile ...

nightclub. As well as performing and recording gospel songs they also recorded some secular songs for

RCA Records RCA Records is an American record label owned by Sony Music Entertainment, a subsidiary of Sony Group Corporation. It is one of Sony Music's four flagship labels, alongside Columbia Records (its former longtime rival), Arista Records and Epic R ...

, who were intending to bill them as "The Four Chocolate Bars", but the recordings were not released. In 1939, William Langford left the group to form a new group, the Southern Sons; he was replaced by Clyde Riddick (1913–1999).

The 1940s and 1950s

In 1940, the group signed a new contract with

Columbia Records Columbia Records is an American reco ...

' subsidiary

Okeh OKeh Records () is an American record label founded by the Otto Heinemann Phonograph Corporation, a phonograph supplier established in 1916, which branched out into phonograph records in 1918. The name originally was spelled "OkeH" from the init ...

label, and shortened their name to the Golden Gate Quartet. They soon had a nationwide radio program and the opportunity to sing at

Franklin Delano Roosevelt Franklin Delano Roosevelt (January 30, 1882April 12, 1945), also known as FDR, was the 32nd president of the United States, serving from 1933 until his death in 1945. He is the longest-serving U.S. president, and the only one to have served ...

's inauguration in 1941, becoming the first black musical group to sing at

Constitution Hall DAR Constitution Hall is a concert hall located at 1776 D Street NW, near the White House in Washington, D.C. It was built in 1929 by the Daughters of the American Revolution to house its annual convention when membership delegations outgrew ...

and later performing several times at the

White House The White House is the official residence and workplace of the president of the United States. Located at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue Northwest (Washington, D.C.), NW in Washington, D.C., it has served as the residence of every U.S. president ...

. They continued to be popular during

World War Two World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies and the Axis powers. Nearly all of the world's countries participated, with many nations mobilisi ...

, making several appearances in

Hollywood Hollywood usually refers to: * Hollywood, Los Angeles, a neighborhood in California * Hollywood, a metonym for the cinema of the United States Hollywood may also refer to: Places United States * Hollywood District (disambiguation) * Hollywood ...

films and singing secular music, including some unique popular front songs such as "

Stalin Wasn't Stallin' "Stalin Wasn't Stallin' (A Modern Spiritual)" was a song written in 1943 by Willie Johnson and originally recorded by the a cappella gospel group the Golden Gate Jubilee Quartet (of which Johnson was a member) in 1943. Robert Wyatt recorded a c ...

" that mixed humor with political commentary. The Quartet appeared in films such as ''

Star Spangled Rhythm ''Star Spangled Rhythm'' is a 1942 American all-star cast musical film made by Paramount Pictures during World War II as a morale booster. Many of the Hollywood studios produced such films during the war, with the intent of entertaining the troo ...

'' (1942), '' Hit Parade of 1943'' (1943), ''

Hollywood Canteen The Hollywood Canteen operated at 1451 North Cahuenga Boulevard in the Los Angeles, California, neighborhood of Hollywood between October 3, 1942 and November 22, 1945, as a club offering food, dancing, and entertainment for enlisted men and ...

'' (1944), and the

Danny Kaye Danny Kaye (born David Daniel Kaminsky; ; January 18, 1911 – March 3, 1987) was an American actor, comedian, singer, and dancer. His performances featured physical comedy, idiosyncratic pantomimes, and rapid-fire novelty songs. Kaye starred ...

film ''

A Song Is Born ''A Song Is Born'' (also known as ''That's Life''), starring Danny Kaye and Virginia Mayo, is a 1948 Technicolor musical film remake of Howard Hawks' 1941 movie '' Ball of Fire'' with Gary Cooper and Barbara Stanwyck. This version was also dir ...

'' (1948). In the latter film, they performed the songs "

Joshua Fit the Battle of Jericho "Joshua Fit the Battle of Jericho" (or alternatively "Joshua Fought de Battle of Jericho", "Joshua Fit the Battle" or just Joshua and various other titles) is a well-known African-American spiritual. Background The lyrics allude to the biblical s ...

" and part of "A Song Is Born" with

Louis Armstrong Louis Daniel Armstrong (August 4, 1901 – July 6, 1971), nicknamed "Satchmo", "Satch", and "Pops", was an American trumpeter and vocalist. He was among the most influential figures in jazz. His career spanned five decades and several era ...

and

Virginia Mayo Virginia Mayo (born Virginia Clara Jones; November 30, 1920 – January 17, 2005) was an American actress and dancer. She was in a series of popular comedy films with Danny Kaye and was Warner Bros.' biggest box-office draw in the late 1940s. S ...

. Johnson was called into the

US Navy The United States Navy (USN) is the naval warfare, maritime military branch, service branch of the United States Department of Defense. It is the world's most powerful navy with the largest Displacement (ship), displacement, at 4.5 millio ...

in 1943, followed by Wilson in 1944; they were temporarily replaced by Cliff Givens – who later left to join firstly

The Ink Spots The Ink Spots were an American vocal pop group who gained international fame in the 1930s and 1940s. Their unique musical style predated the rhythm and blues and rock and roll musical genres, and the subgenre doo-wop. The Ink Spots were widely ...

and then

Billy Ward and His Dominoes Billy Ward and his Dominoes were an American R&B vocal group. One of the most successful R&B groups of the early 1950s, the Dominoes helped launch the singing careers of two notable members, Clyde McPhatter and Jackie Wilson. Early life Bi ...

– and Alton Bradley. The group moved first to the main Columbia record label and then, in 1948, to

Mercury Records Mercury Records is an American record label owned by Universal Music Group. It had significant success as an independent operation in the 1940s and 1950s. Smash Records and Fontana Records were sub labels of Mercury. Mercury Records released ...

. Johnson left in 1948 to join The Jubalaires, and was replaced by Orville Brooks (1919–1997). The quartet lost their pre-eminent position in gospel music after the war, when they faced competition from the newer hard gospel quartets. They continued in their old style, offering sharper political commentary in songs such as "God's Gonna Cut You Down", but losing much of their audience to quartets such as

the Dixie Hummingbirds The Dixie Hummingbirds (formerly known as The Sterling High School Quartet) are an influential United States, American gospel music group, spanning more than 80 years from the Jubilee quartets, jubilee quartet style of the 1920s, through the "h ...

and

the Soul Stirrers The Soul Stirrers were an American gospel music group, whose career spans over eighty years. The group was a pioneer in the development of the quartet style of gospel, and a major influence on Soul, R&B, Doo-wop, and Southern soul, some of th ...

. Henry Owens left in 1950 to become a preacher and solo artist. Alton Bradley returned to replace him, but then left in 1952 when he was replaced by Eugene Mumford (1925–1977), previously of

The Larks The Larks were an American vocal group, active in the early 1950s. They were not the same group as the Los Angeles–based Larks (originally The Meadowlarks) featuring Don Julian, nor the Philadelphia-based group The Four Larks. Original membe ...

. The Golden Gates revived their career in 1955, however, when they toured

Europe Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and Asia to the east ...

for the first time, where they became widely popular. The group moved to

Paris Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, largest city of France. With an estimated population of 2,048,472 residents in January 2025 in an area of more than , Paris is the List of ci ...

in 1959 and has continued touring, primarily in Europe, since then. During his stint in the US Army, in Germany,

Elvis Presley Elvis Aaron Presley (January 8, 1935 – August 16, 1977) was an American singer and actor. Referred to as the "King of Rock and Roll", he is regarded as Cultural impact of Elvis Presley, one of the most significant cultural figures of the ...

, who was a huge admirer of their work since his early childhood, visited them backstage at Le Casino in Paris, and stayed to watch their entire show, staying also with them at the hotel Prince de Galles. Presley recorded a version of their popular " Swing Down Chariot" that appeared on his ''

His Hand in Mine ''His Hand in Mine'' is the fifth studio album by American singer and musician Elvis Presley, released on November 23, 1960 by RCA Victor in mono and stereo, catalog number LPM/LSP 2328. It was the first of three gospel albums that Presley wou ...

'' gospel album. During this time, there were further personnel changes: Orville Brooks left and was replaced by Franck Todd and later in turn by Caleb Ginyard (1910–1978), and Eugene Mumford was replaced by Clyde Wright (born May 1, 1928, Charlotte, North Carolina). Since the 1950s, the group has been primarily based in Europe. They toured widely in the late 1950s, including

US State Department The United States Department of State (DOS), or simply the State Department, is an executive department of the U.S. federal government responsible for the country's foreign policy and relations. Equivalent to the ministry of foreign affairs o ...

-sponsored tours around the world. In 1959, the group started a two-year residency at the

Casino de Paris The Casino de Paris, located at 16, rue de Clichy, in the 9th arrondissement, is one of the well known music halls of Paris, with a history dating back to the 18th century. Contrary to what the name might suggest, it is a performance venue, not ...

Later activities

The group made their first tour of Africa in 1962, and during the early 1960s gradually expanded their accompanying band to incorporate guitar, piano, bass and drums. Through the 1960s they toured widely in Europe, with a long-established line-up of Orlandus Wilson, Clyde Riddick, Caleb Ginyard, and Clyde Wright. In 1971, Ginyard and Wright left, and were replaced by Paul Brembly (the great-nephew of Orlandus Wilson) and Calvin Williams. Wright returned to the group in 1985 to replace Williams, who returned to the US. Bill "Willie" Johnson worked with Eugene Mumford and Cliff Givens in his own version of The Golden Gate Quartet in the late '70s out of the

Los Angeles Los Angeles, often referred to by its initials L.A., is the List of municipalities in California, most populous city in the U.S. state of California, and the commercial, Financial District, Los Angeles, financial, and Culture of Los Angeles, ...

area, most notably appearing on

Ry Cooder Ryland Peter Cooder (born March 15, 1947) is an American musician, songwriter, film score composer, record producer, and writer. He is a multi-instrumentalist but is best known for his slide guitar work, his interest in traditional music, and h ...

's "

Jazz Jazz is a music genre that originated in the African-American communities of New Orleans, Louisiana, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Its roots are in blues, ragtime, European harmony, African rhythmic rituals, spirituals, h ...

" album, and appearing with Cooder in his 1978 "

Soundstage A sound stage (also written soundstage) is a large, soundproof structure, building or room with large doors and high ceilings, used for the production of theatrical film-making and television productions, usually located on a secured movie or te ...

" performance, with Givens, Pico Payne, and Jimmy Adams (though Johnson didn't use the group name in these particular appearances). The group undertook a 60th anniversary world tour in 1994. Riddick remained with the group until his retirement in 1995, and Wilson, the last surviving member of the original group, until his death in 1998. Riddick was replaced by Frank Davis. Wright was replaced by Charles West (Nephew to Wilson) of Portsmouth, VA. The position of bass singer has in recent years been filled by Thierry Fred François, Richard Phillips, and, since 2005, by Anthony Gordon.

Recognition

In his 1978 album ', musician

Michel Jonasz Michel Jonasz (born 21 January 1947 in Drancy, France) is a French composer-songwriter, singer and actor. His compositions include: ''La boîte de jazz'', ''Joueurs de blues'' and ''Les vacances au bord de la mer''. Born of Hungarian immigra ...

used excerpts from their recording of "

" to mix into the song "Golden Gate". The Golden Gate Quartet was inducted into The

Vocal Group Hall of Fame The Vocal Group Hall of Fame & Museum Company Inc. was an American-based hall of fame that honored vocal groups throughout the United States. James E. Winner Jr. was the financial and managing partner of the For-profit corporation. Winner and ...

in 1998. A sample of the group's recording of "Jezebel" would serve as the basis for the

Recoil Recoil (often called knockback, kickback or simply kick) is the rearward thrust generated when a gun is being discharged. In technical terms, the recoil is a result of conservation of momentum, for according to Newton's third law the force requ ...

song of the same name, appearing on their 2000 album ''

Liquid Liquid is a state of matter with a definite volume but no fixed shape. Liquids adapt to the shape of their container and are nearly incompressible, maintaining their volume even under pressure. The density of a liquid is usually close to th ...

''. In his 2011 album ''

So Beautiful or So What ''So Beautiful or So What'' is the twelfth solo studio album by American folk rock singer-songwriter Paul Simon. It was released on April 8, 2011, by Hear Music. The album found Simon reuniting with former collaborator and record producer Phil ...

'', musician

Paul Simon Paul Frederic Simon (born October 13, 1941) is an American singer-songwriter known for his solo work and his collaborations with Art Garfunkel. He and Garfunkel, whom he met in elementary school in 1953, came to prominence in the 1960s as Sim ...

used excerpts from their 1938 recording of "Golden Gate Gospel Train" to mix into the song "Love & Blessings". In addition, the group's music was also featured in the video game '' Battlefield: Bad Company''.

Members after 1934

ImageSize = width:900 height:auto barincrement:18 PlotArea = left:120 bottom:70 top:0 right:05 Alignbars = justify DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy Period = from:01/01/1934 till:30/04/2023 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal format:yyyy Colors = id:vocals value:teal legend:First tenor id:bass value:blue legend:Bass id:charmo value:brightgreen legend:Second tenor id:lead value:purple legend:Baritone id:bars value:gray(0.93) BackgroundColors = bars:bars Legend = orientation:horizontal position:bottom ScaleMajor = increment:5 start:1934 ScaleMinor = increment:1 start:1934 PlotData= width:11 textcolor:black align:left anchor:from shift:(10,10) bar:William Langford † from:01/01/1934 till:01/06/1939 color:vocals bar:Clyde Riddick † from:01/06/1939 till:01/06/1994 color:vocals bar:Franck Davis from:01/06/1994 till:end color:vocals bar:Orlandus Wilson † from:01/01/1934 till:01/06/1944 color:bass bar:Clifford Givens † from:01/06/1944 till:01/01/1946 color:bass bar:Orlandus Wilson † from:01/01/1946 till:31/12/1998 color:bass bar:Terry François from:31/12/1998 till:01/01/2005 color:bass bar:Terry François from:01/01/2012 till:end color:bass bar:Richard Phillips from:01/01/2005 till:30/11/2005 color:bass bar:Anthony Gordon from:01/01/2006 till:01/01/2012 color:bass bar:Henry Owens † from:01/01/1934 till:01/06/1950 color:charmo bar:Alton Bradley † from:01/06/1950 till:01/06/1951 color:charmo bar:Eugène Mumford † from:01/06/1951 till:01/06/1954 color:charmo bar:Clyde Wright from:01/06/1954 till:01/06/1971 color:charmo bar:Calvin Williams † from:01/06/1971 till:01/06/1985 color:charmo bar:Clyde Wright from:01/06/1985 till:01/06/1995 color:charmo bar:Charles West from:01/06/1995 till:01/06/1999 color:charmo bar:Clyde Wright from:01/06/1999 till:01/01/2012 color:charmo bar:Timothy Riley from:01/01/2012 till:end color:charmo bar:Willy Johnson † from:01/01/1934 till:01/10/1942 color:lead bar:Joe Johnson † from:01/10/1942 till:01/12/1943 color:lead bar:Alton Bradley † from:01/12/1943 till:01/01/1946 color:lead bar:Willy Johnson † from:01/01/1946 till:01/06/1948 color:lead bar:Orville Brooks † from:01/06/1948 till:01/06/1954 color:lead bar:Bill Bing † from:01/06/1954 till:01/03/1955 color:lead bar:Frank Todd † from:01/03/1955 till:31/10/1955 color:lead bar:Caleb Ginyard † from:31/10/1955 till:01/06/1971 color:lead bar:Paul Brembly from:01/06/1971 till:end color:lead

Current members

* Paul Brembly – (born 1950) * Terry François – (born 1968) * Timothy Riley * Frank Davis

Past members

* Calvin Williams – (1921–2010) * William Langford – (1909–1969) * Henry Owens- (†1970) * Eugene Mumford – (1925–1977) * J. Caleb Ginyard – (1910–1978) * Willie Johnson – (†1980) * Joe Johnson – (1914–1984) * Clifford Givens – (1918–1989) * Orville Brooks – (1919–1997) * Orlandus Wilson – (1917–1998) * Clyde Riddick – (1913–1999) * Clyde Wright – (birth in 1928) * Richard Phillips – (birth in 1943) * Bill Bing – (December 22, 1922 – January 23, 2014) * Charles West (?) * Alton Bradley (†) * Frank Todd (1933–2016) *Anthony L. Gordon (born 1957)

Discography

Selected singles

* Bluebird 7564: "Pure Religion" / "Remember Me" (both recorded January 24, 1938) * Okeh 6713: "Comin' in on a Wing and a Prayer" (recorded May 1943) / "Run On" (recorded March 1942)Abrams, Steven and Settlemier, Tyrone
"The Online Discographical Project – Okeh (CBS) 6500 – 6747 (1941–45)"
Retrieved February 21, 2011 * Okeh 6741: "

I Will Be Home Again "I Will Be Home Again" is a song written by Bennie Benjamin, Raymond Leveen, and Lou Singer, in 1944. The Golden Gate Quartet recorded the song on March 16, 1945. This version was released on Okeh Records #6741.Abrams, Steven and Settlemier, Tyr ...

" / "The General Jumped at Dawn" (both sides recorded March 16, 1945) * Columbia 37236: "Atom and Evil" / "Shadrach" (both recorded June 5, 1946)Abrams, Steven and Settlemier, Tyrone
"The Online Discographical Project – COLUMBIA (Microphone label, USA) 37000 to 37500 Numerical Listing"
Retrieved February 21, 2011

78RPM singles (1937–1952)

Selected albums

* 2010 – ''Incredible'' * 2003 – ''The Good Book'' * 2003 – ''Gospel Train'' * 1999 – ''Our Story'' * 1997 – ''The Very Best of the Golden Gate Quartet'' * 1961 – ''Negro Spirituals'' * 1957 – ''That Golden Chariot'' * 1956 – ''The Golden Gate Quartet

amden Amden is a municipality in the ''Wahlkreis'' (constituency) of See-Gaster, in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland. History Amden is first mentioned in 1178 as ''Andimo monte Voraden''. In 1230 it was mentioned as ''Andimin'', in 1282 as ...

' * 1950 – ''The Golden Gate Spirituals'' * 1949 – ''Joshua fit the battle''

References

External links

Clyde Wright official website

The Golden Gate Quartet official website

discography and biography excerpts o
singers.com

*
The Golden Gate Quartet recordings
at the Internet Archive. For the latest update of The Golden Gate Quartet, please go to their official Facebook Page.
The Golden Gate Quartet Sings
- Old Time Radio Researchers (otrr.org) Maintained Set of the radio program at the Internet Archive {{DEFAULTSORT:Golden Gate Quartet 1934 establishments in Virginia African-American musical groups American gospel musical groups Bluebird Records artists Gospel quartets Musical groups established in 1934