general ticket

The general ticket or party block voting (PBV), is a type of block voting in which voters opt for a party or a team of candidates, and the highest-polling party/team becomes the winner and receives 100% of the seats for this multi-member district. The party block voting is usually applied with more than one multi-member district to prevent one team winning all seats. This system has a winner-take-all nature similar to first-past-the-post voting for single-member districts, which is vulnerable to gerrymandering and majority reversals.

A related system is the majority bonus system, where a block of seats is awarded according to the winner of party-list proportional representation.

Usage

Philippines

From 1941 up to 1949 elections, the Philippines elected its officials under this system, then known as ''block voting''. A voter can write the name of the party on the ballot and have all of that voter's votes allocated for that party's candidates, from president to local officials; there is still an option for a voter to split one's ticket down ballot and not write the name of the party. This led to landslides for the Nacionalista Party in 1941, for the Liberal Party in 1949. The law was amended in time for the 1951 election, having voters to vote for each office separately.

Singapore

In Singapore, the general ticket system, locally known as the , elects by far most members of the Parliament of Singapore from multi-member districts known as group representation constituencies (GRCs), on a plurality basis. This operates in parallel to elections from single-member district and nominations. It is moderated by the inclusion of at least one person of a different race than the others in any "team" (which is not necessarily a party team) which is selected by voters.

United States

Ticket voting is used to elect electors for the Electoral College for presidential elections, except for some of the electors in Maine and Nebraska who are elected by first-past-the-post in districts covering just part of each state. Under ticket voting, votes for any non-overall winning party's candidates do not receive any representation by elected members.

Coexistence

The following countries use party block voting in coexistence with other systems in different districts.

Superposition

Countries using party block voting in parallel with proportional representation.

History

Historically party block voting was used in the US House of Representatives before 1967 but mainly before 1847; and in France, in the pre-World War I decades of the Third Republic which began in 1870.

France

The scrutin de liste ( Fr. , voting by ballot, and , a list) was, before World War I, a system of election of national representatives in France by which the electors of a department voted for a party-homogeneous slate of deputies to be elected to serve it nationally. It was distinguished from the , also called , under which the electors in each arrondissement returned one deputy.

United States

The following is a table of every instance of the use of the general ticket in the United States Congress. General ticket system was common until limited to special use by the 1842 Apportionment Bill and locally implementing legislation which took effect after the 1845–47 Congress.Public Law 90-196, Until the Congress ending in 1967 it took effect in rare instances, save for a two cases of ex- Confederate States – for one term – these had tiny delegations, were for top-up members to be at-large allocated pending redistricting, or were added to the union since the last census.

See also

* Block voting
* Directorial system
* Duverger's law
* Multiple non-transferable vote
* Plural district

References

Sources

*{{cite book, title = The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts, last = Martis, first = Kenneth C., year = 1982, publisher = Macmillan Publishing Company, location = New York

External links

U.S. House of Representatives: House History

Non-proportional multi-winner electoral systems
United States congressional districts