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Bucharest Pride, known previously as GayFest, is the annual festival dedicated to
LGBT rights in Romania Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) people in Romania face legal challenges and discrimination not experienced by non-LGBTQ residents. Attitudes in Romania are generally conservative, with regard to the rights of gay, lesbian, ...
, taking place in
Bucharest Bucharest ( , ; ) is the capital and largest city of Romania. The metropolis stands on the River Dâmbovița (river), Dâmbovița in south-eastern Romania. Its population is officially estimated at 1.76 million residents within a greater Buc ...
for nearly a week. It first took place in 2004 and now occurs in May–June of each year, culminating with the March of Diversity (). It is organised by the non-profit organisation ACCEPT, the country's largest
lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender LGBTQ people are individuals who are lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, or questioning. Many variants of the initialism are used; LGBTQIA+ people incorporates intersex, asexual, aromantic, agender, and other individuals. The group is ...
(LGBT) rights organisation. The festival also receives funding from the Romanian Ministry of Health and the
National Council for Combating Discrimination The National Council for Combating Discrimination (, or CNCD) is an agency of the Romanian government, established in 2001 and responsible for applying Romanian and European Union anti-discrimination laws and managing the National Anti-Discrimina ...
, as well as a number of private organisations, such as the
Open Society Institute Open Society Foundations (OSF), formerly the Open Society Institute, is an American grantmaking network founded by business magnate George Soros. Open Society Foundations financially supports civil society groups around the world, with the s ...
and the
British Council The British Council is a British organisation specialising in international cultural and educational opportunities. It works in over 100 countries: promoting a wider knowledge of the United Kingdom and the English language (and the Welsh lang ...
in Romania. Bucharest Pride features various LGBT cultural events, such as film screenings, art exhibitions, theatre and parties, as well as seminars and debates concerning LGBT social issues; since 2005 the festival has also included a
gay pride parade A pride parade (also known as pride event, pride festival, pride march, or pride protest) is an event celebrating lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer (LGBTQ) social and self-acceptance, achievements, legal rights, and pride. The eve ...
.


Background

The Romanian gay rights movement began gaining ground in the mid-1990s, after homosexual sex between two consenting adults in private was decriminalised in 1996. In the same year, Romania's first gay rights organisation, Accept, was founded in
Bucharest Bucharest ( , ; ) is the capital and largest city of Romania. The metropolis stands on the River Dâmbovița (river), Dâmbovița in south-eastern Romania. Its population is officially estimated at 1.76 million residents within a greater Buc ...
, with two core aims: creating a better society for LGBT people in Romania, and changing negative social attitudes towards LGBT people.About ACCEPT
Accept
In the late 1990s, the LGBT rights movement was mainly concerned with lobbying for the repeal of
Article 200 Article 200 (''Articolul 200'' in Romanian) was a section of the Penal Code of Romania that criminalised homosexual relationships. It was introduced in 1968, under the communist regime, during the rule Nicolae Ceaușescu, and remained in force unti ...
, which continued to criminalise public displays and promotion of homosexuality. In this context, the issue of organising a gay pride festival was not viable, particularly considering that public manifestations of homosexuality could have been prosecuted under Section 5 of Article 200, which read: It is important to note, however, that in October 2000, while Article 200 was still in force, ACCEPT hosted the 22nd European Conference of the International Lesbian and Gay Association in Bucharest. The event attracted around 100 participants from 27 countries, and created substantial dialogue and media attention about LGBT rights in Romania. After pressure from ACCEPT as well as the
European Union The European Union (EU) is a supranational union, supranational political union, political and economic union of Member state of the European Union, member states that are Geography of the European Union, located primarily in Europe. The u ...
and the
Council of Europe The Council of Europe (CoE; , CdE) is an international organisation with the goal of upholding human rights, democracy and the Law in Europe, rule of law in Europe. Founded in 1949, it is Europe's oldest intergovernmental organisation, represe ...
, Article 200 was repealed completely at the end of 2001, removing the last anti-gay law in Romania. Additionally, anti-discrimination legislation introduced in 2000 made it illegal to discriminate against people based on their sexual orientation. This permitted a greater social visibility of LGBT people and culture, with several gay clubs opening from 2002 onwards. In this context, the organisation of a gay pride festival became much more viable, with ACCEPT seeking to use these festivals in order to further enhance the visibility of LGBT people, and, particularly through an emphasis on cultural events, further its aim of changing negative social attitudes toward LGBT people in Romania.


Editions

27,000


GayFest 2004

The GayFest 2004 was, at that time, the first LGBT festival ever organised in Romania, and took place between 3 and 9 May. It was initially titled "The Diversity Festival", and had the theme of "You have the right to be diverse". The festival was mainly centred on public debates concerning attitudes towards LGBT people in Romania, as well as cultural events. Several publications on LGBT issues, such as George Bălan's ''Homofobia'', were officially launched, and Romania's first LGBT film festival was organised, with nine films from nine different countries, including a documentary about the 2001 gay pride parade in
Belgrade Belgrade is the Capital city, capital and List of cities in Serbia, largest city of Serbia. It is located at the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers and at the crossroads of the Pannonian Basin, Pannonian Plain and the Balkan Peninsula. T ...
,
Serbia , image_flag = Flag of Serbia.svg , national_motto = , image_coat = Coat of arms of Serbia.svg , national_anthem = () , image_map = , map_caption = Location of Serbia (gree ...
, which degenerated into violence. As part of the GayFest, the
Goethe Institute The Goethe-Institut (; GI, ''Goethe Institute'') is a Nonprofit organization, nonprofit German culture, cultural organization operational worldwide with more than 150 cultural centres, promoting the study of the German language abroad and en ...
in Bucharest hosted a photographic exhibition by Polish artist Karolina Bregula, titled ''Să ne vadă'' ("Let them see us") which explored the visibility of gays and lesbians in Poland. According to Florin Buhuceanu, the executive director of Accept: The festival was publicly supported by a number of high-profile figures, such as parliamentarian Mădălin Voicu, who stated in the press that, "... we omaniansshould adapt and realise that no more barriers exist in this domain except those imposed by decency ... Homosexuals exist in all layers of society, starting from poor people to politicians, VIPs, etc." The 2004 Diversity Festival was initially planned to be organised with the support of the
National Council for Combating Discrimination The National Council for Combating Discrimination (, or CNCD) is an agency of the Romanian government, established in 2001 and responsible for applying Romanian and European Union anti-discrimination laws and managing the National Anti-Discrimina ...
and Bucharest's Sector 3 Council, both of which later pulled out citing financial reasons, and resulting in the event being organised by ACCEPT with the support of several sponsors, including the
Romanian Government The Government of Romania () forms one half of the executive branch of the government of Romania (the other half being the office of the President of Romania). It is headed by the Prime Minister of Romania, and consists of the ministries, variou ...
, the
British Council The British Council is a British organisation specialising in international cultural and educational opportunities. It works in over 100 countries: promoting a wider knowledge of the United Kingdom and the English language (and the Welsh lang ...
, the
Goethe Institute The Goethe-Institut (; GI, ''Goethe Institute'') is a Nonprofit organization, nonprofit German culture, cultural organization operational worldwide with more than 150 cultural centres, promoting the study of the German language abroad and en ...
, and the Embassy of Sweden in Bucharest. A gay pride parade through central Bucharest was also initially planned, but was later abandoned, with various newspapers stating that Romanian society was not ready for such an event on such a scale. Ştefan Iancu, the organiser of the 2004 Diversity Festival, stated to '' Ziarul'', on 3 May 2004, that, "We wanted to do this pride parade but we don't know if we would succeed in convincing gay people to come out into the streets for various reasons. Evidently, they are too afraid of the repercussions (jobs lost, judgement from family, etc.)" Nonetheless, the next year a gay pride parade was organised as part of GayFest 2005 and was both successful and controversial.


GayFest 2005

The 2005 GayFest took place between 23 and 30 May, under the slogan of "You have the right to love". It sparked a significant amount of controversy in Romania, as it included the first gay pride parade in the country. Initially, the application for this parade, which took place on May 29, was rejected by the Bucharest City Hall, on the grounds that the city could not adequately provide security for the participants. Various right-wing groups, such as the nationalist Noua Dreaptă, as well as the
Romanian Orthodox Church The Romanian Orthodox Church (ROC; , ), or Romanian Patriarchate, is an autocephalous Eastern Orthodox church in full communion with other Eastern Orthodox Christian denomination, Christian churches, and one of the nine patriarchates in the East ...
, also actively opposed the march and called for its ban. The parade received authorisation, however, after intense lobbying from international gay rights campaigners and the
National Council for Combating Discrimination The National Council for Combating Discrimination (, or CNCD) is an agency of the Romanian government, established in 2001 and responsible for applying Romanian and European Union anti-discrimination laws and managing the National Anti-Discrimina ...
, as well as public support from President
Traian Băsescu Traian Băsescu (; born 4 November 1951) is a Romanian politician who served as the president of Romania from 2004 to 2014. Prior to his presidency, Băsescu served as Romanian minister of transport on multiple occasions between 1991 and 2000, ...
and Justice Minister Monica Macovei. It proceeded successfully, with about 300 people taking part, though some sources claim that as many as 850 participants were present. A counter-demonstration, which had not received approval from the City Hall, was organised by Noua Dreaptă, the participants of which displayed anti-gay banners and violently aimed to break up the pride parade. Several members of Noua Dreaptă were arrested, and the group was subsequently fined 3,000 lei (approximately
US$ The United States dollar (Currency symbol, symbol: Dollar sign, $; ISO 4217, currency code: USD) is the official currency of the United States and International use of the U.S. dollar, several other countries. The Coinage Act of 1792 introdu ...
1,000). At the conclusion of the parade, the executive director of ACCEPT, Florin Buhuceanu, stated that: Aside from the pride parade, an LGBT film festival was organised during the GayFest week, with 13 films being shown at three different venues: the
Goethe Institute The Goethe-Institut (; GI, ''Goethe Institute'') is a Nonprofit organization, nonprofit German culture, cultural organization operational worldwide with more than 150 cultural centres, promoting the study of the German language abroad and en ...
, ''La Motoare'', and the Elvira Popescu Cinema. Two public debates and seminars were organised at La Scena, on the topics of homosexuality and religion, the mass media, and anti-discrimination laws.


GayFest 2006

The 2006 GayFest took place between 30 May and 4 June, and was organised under the title of "Same rights, same responsibilities". The central theme was that of " Same-sex marriage and civil unions in Romania"; neither is currently recognised in the country. During the GayFest week, Accept called on the state to legalise same-sex marriage, or at least civil unions, creating unprecedented media coverage and debate about this issue. The GayFest Parade, which received authorisation from the City Hall on 30 May, took place on 3 June, starting at 18:00 and attracting approximately 800 participants, including LGBT rights activists from Sweden, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom. The parade included extravagant costumes, music and balloons, as well as the traditional 200-metre (626-foot) long
rainbow flag A rainbow flag is a multicolored flag consisting of the colors of the rainbow. The designs differ, but many of the colors are based on the seven spectral colors of the visible light spectrum. History In the 18th century, American Revolutionary ...
that is featured at every GayFest parade. The participants also held up signs reading, "We love you!" and "Homophobia, the worst disease", while calling on the parliament to legalise same-sex marriage.Parada comunităţii gay din România s-a încheiat, fiind marcată de incidente
(''The Romanian gay community's parade has finished marked by incidents''), Mediafax, 3 June 2006
Alongside members of the LGBT community, the march was also attended by several supporters of
civil rights Civil and political rights are a class of rights that protect individuals' political freedom, freedom from infringement by governments, social organizations, and private individuals. They ensure one's entitlement to participate in the civil and ...
and
human rights Human rights are universally recognized Morality, moral principles or Social norm, norms that establish standards of human behavior and are often protected by both Municipal law, national and international laws. These rights are considered ...
, many of them heterosexual. One woman who participated in the parade stated to BBC News that: Like last year's event, however, the 2006 parade was not without opposition. On 20 May, twenty-two conservative NGOs, including the far right-wing Noua Dreaptă, called on the
Romanian Orthodox Church The Romanian Orthodox Church (ROC; , ), or Romanian Patriarchate, is an autocephalous Eastern Orthodox church in full communion with other Eastern Orthodox Christian denomination, Christian churches, and one of the nine patriarchates in the East ...
to oppose the pride parade. On 2 June, the Orthodox Church denounced the City Hall for permitting the march to take place, stating that it is "an affront to the morality of public institutions, and a danger ... for the formation of young people". Additionally, Noua Dreaptă filed a legal complaint in a Bucharest court to get the march banned, arguing that it was "obscene and anti-social". The complaint was not, however, successful, with the court declaring that the GayFest Parade should take place. At 11:00 on 3 June, a few hours before the GayFest Parade, Noua Dreaptă conducted a counter-demonstration, attended by approximately 150 people, for "family values" and "moral traditions", parading with Christian crosses and Orthodox icons, as well as Romanian flags and posters denouncing homosexuality. Unlike in 2005, however, this march was not scheduled at the same time as the GayFest parade, and hence there were no violent clashes. Despite this, tens of protesters tried to break up the actual gay parade, clashing with the very strong police presence that shielded the LGBT activists. The protesters also held up signs reading "Romania does not need you" and threw eggs at the parade participants as well as the police. 51 anti-gay protesters were arrested and fined by police for provoking violence. Following the parade, the organisers, ACCEPT, stated that despite the attempts by anti-gay protesters to break up the parade, they were pleased that the authorities had the situation under control, and that the number of participants in the parade was greater than expected. The two parties of the governing
Justice and Truth Alliance The Justice and Truth Alliance (originally in ; or D.A. for short, meaning "yes" in Romanian) was a political alliance comprising two political parties in Romania, namely the centre-right liberal National Liberal Party (PNL) and the initially l ...
— the Liberals and the Democrats — issued a statement after the parade condemning the violent anti-gay protests and calling for tolerance. They did not, however, comment on the issue of same-sex unions. The opposition
Social Democratic Party The name Social Democratic Party or Social Democrats has been used by many political parties in various countries around the world. Such parties are most commonly aligned to social democracy as their political ideology. Active parties Form ...
also condemned the anti-gay violence. A few days after the pride parade, the ''
Cotidianul The logo used between 2003 and 2007 ''Cotidianul'' (meaning ''The Daily'' in English) is a Romanian-language newspaper published in Bucharest, Romania Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern E ...
'' newspaper interviewed Romania's main political parties about their stance on same-sex marriage in Romania, which was the theme of the 2006 GayFest. The two governing parties of the Justice and Truth Alliance affirmed their support for gay rights, but were elusive on the issue of same-sex marriage specifically, while the Social Democrats said that they would not initiate or support a legislative proposal on same-sex marriage, but that a broader public debate on this issue is necessary, "in order to see in what way the standards regarding fundamental liberties can be improved with regard to people with another sexual orientation". The right-wing
Conservatives Conservatism is a cultural, social, and political philosophy and ideology that seeks to promote and preserve traditional institutions, customs, and values. The central tenets of conservatism may vary in relation to the culture and civilizati ...
and
Greater Romania Party The Greater Romania Party (, PRM) is a Romanian far-right political party. Founded in May 1991 by Eugen Barbu and Corneliu Vadim Tudor, it was led by the latter from that point until his death in September 2015. The party is sometimes referred ...
were opposed to same-sex marriage.


GayFest 2007

The 2007 GayFest was held between 4 and 9 June 2007, with the theme of "Celebrate diversity! Respect rights!" The festival included a pride parade, art exhibitions and a film festival, as well as two public debates (one on discrimination and another on religion and democracy). As in 2006, the 2007 GayFest focused on the issue of same-sex marriage and partnership, provoking another public debate about the issue in the Romanian media and society. According to ACCEPT, the focus on same-sex unions was because "the adoption of legislation in this regard is a decisive step for affirming the equality of rights for all citizens"


Film festival

The 2007 GayFest included the Inklusiv Film Festival, which showcased nine feature-length international films and documentaries about LGBT issues: *'' Kinsey'' (USA, 2005) *''Heneini'' (USA, 2005) *'' Transparent'' (USA, 2005) *''Gypo'' (UK, 2005) *''The End of Second Class'' (Canada, 2005) *''Tying the Knot'' (USA, 2004) *''Politics of the Heart'' (Canada, 2005) *''Inlaws and Outlaws'' (USA, 2005) *''The Conrad Brothers'' (USA, 2006) The festival also included seven short films, screened one after another, on the theme of "Men in privacy". On Tuesday, June 5, the second day of the film festival, a gay couple were physically assaulted by a group of around eight people, as they were exiting the cinema where the films are shown. The
police The police are Law enforcement organization, a constituted body of Law enforcement officer, people empowered by a State (polity), state with the aim of Law enforcement, enforcing the law and protecting the Public order policing, public order ...
intervened rapidly and arrested the aggressors. According to a statement by the police, one of the aggressors has been charged for assault. The spokesperson of the Bucharest Police, Christian Ciocan, stated that, "The person under question was taken to the police station, where he was charged for assault and other violences, risking a prison sentence of one to three months, or a penal fine." The status of the other attackers is unknown.


Exhibitions

The 2007 GayFest included two photographic exhibitions highlighting LGBT issues. The first exhibition, ''Parteneri de viaţa – album de nuntă'' ("Partners for life – wedding album") was held at the InfoEuropa Centre and presented photographs and testimonies from the first same-sex marriages conducted in
San Francisco San Francisco, officially the City and County of San Francisco, is a commercial, Financial District, San Francisco, financial, and Culture of San Francisco, cultural center of Northern California. With a population of 827,526 residents as of ...
in 2004. The photographic project, which was created by the San Francisco Queer Cultural Center and Bay Area Community of Women, sought to "transmit the idea of the universality of love, acceptance and understanding."GayFest 2007 programme
Accept
The Cărtureşti Bookstore also hosted a photo exhibition titled "Ce fac gayi şi lesbienele in pat?" (''What do gays and lesbians do in bed?''), which highlighted 16 photos from the Polish artists Rapari Team that presented the day-to-day activities of same-sex couples. The goal of the exhibition was to show that "the life of a gay individual or couple is not different from the life of a heterosexual individual or couple, and that the needs of people, indifferent of sexual orientation, are the same."


Pride parade

The GayFest pride parade was held on 8 June, between 17:00 and 19:00, on the route Boulevard Decebal- Piaţa Unirii- in central Bucharest. Although ACCEPT expected more than 1,000 people to attend, only around 500 took place, due to rain.Protesters clash with police at Romania gay parade
Reuters Reuters ( ) is a news agency owned by Thomson Reuters. It employs around 2,500 journalists and 600 photojournalists in about 200 locations worldwide writing in 16 languages. Reuters is one of the largest news agencies in the world. The agency ...
, 9 June 2007
For the first time, the parade included a series of speeches made on the subject of LGBT rights. Keynote speeches were made by Florin Buhuceanu (the vice-president of ACCEPT), Diane Fisher (a minister of the
Metropolitan Community Church The Metropolitan Community Church (MCC), also known as the Universal Fellowship of Metropolitan Community Churches (UFMCC), is an international LGBT-affirming Christian denominations, LGBT-affirming mainline Protestant Christian denomination. The ...
), Maxim Anmeghicean (representing
ILGA-Europe ILGA-Europe is the European region of the International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association (ILGA World). It is an advocacy group promoting the interests of lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans and intersex (LGBTI) people, at the Eur ...
), and Christoph Michl (from Stuttgart Gay Pride). Security at the parade was ensured by 400
gendarmes A gendarmerie () is a paramilitary or military force with law enforcement duties among the civilian population. The term ''gendarme'' () is derived from the medieval French expression ', which translates to "men-at-arms" (). In France and som ...
.400 de jandarmi pentru parada Gay Fest
(''400 gendarmes for the GayFest parade''), ''
Gândul ''Gândul'' (, "The Thought") is a Romanian online newspaper published in Bucharest Bucharest ( , ; ) is the capital and largest city of Romania. The metropolis stands on the River Dâmbovița (river), Dâmbovița in south-eastern Romania. ...
'', 8 June 2007
Aside from the traditional rainbow flag, balloons and music, the participants held up signs saying "God loves us all" and "We love our gay sons and lesbian daughters" Despite the unprecedented security, more than a hundred anti-gay protesters tried to break up the pride parade. The protesters failed to penetrate through the police cordon and, after throwing stones and firecrackers at police, they were dispersed with
teargas Tear gas, also known as a lachrymatory agent or lachrymator (), sometimes colloquially known as "mace" after the early commercial self-defense spray, is a chemical weapon that stimulates the nerves of the lacrimal gland in the eye to produce ...
and around 100 of them were arrested.Romanian police clash with anti-gay protesters during gay rights parade
''
International Herald Tribune The ''International Herald Tribune'' (''IHT'') was a daily English-language newspaper published in Paris, France, for international English-speaking readers. It published under the name ''International Herald Tribune'' starting in 1967, but its ...
'', 9 June 2007
According to Christian Ciocan, the police spokesperson, none of the participants in the pride parade was injured. Florin Buhuceanu, the vicepresident of Accept, declared after the march: Maxim Anmeghicean, the representative from
ILGA-Europe ILGA-Europe is the European region of the International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association (ILGA World). It is an advocacy group promoting the interests of lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans and intersex (LGBTI) people, at the Eur ...
, stated that, "Even since I have participated at this march I have never seen such a strong presence by the forces of law and order". He remarked that the gendarmes had acted very professionally. A few hours before the GayFest pride parade, at 10:00 in the morning, the far-right organisation Noua Dreaptă organised a counter-demonstration against the GayFest, titled the "March for Normality". The event was attended by around 100 participants, bearing posters against same-sex marriage, Christian crosses, and fascist symbols. The Noua Dreaptă marchers were met by a group of around 20
antifascist Anti-fascism is a political movement in opposition to fascist ideologies, groups and individuals. Beginning in European countries in the 1920s, it was at its most significant shortly before and during World War II, where the Axis powers were op ...
("antifa") protesters who shouted slogans such as "All different, all equal" and "Noua Dreaptă: Illegal", and declared that they are "protesting against the Nazist extremism which goes unpunished in Romanian society". The antifascist protesters were not affiliated to the organisers of the GayFest pride parade.


Reactions

Media reactions to the 2007 GayFest have been more positive than in previous years, with three of the largest daily newspapers, ''
Cotidianul The logo used between 2003 and 2007 ''Cotidianul'' (meaning ''The Daily'' in English) is a Romanian-language newspaper published in Bucharest, Romania Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern E ...
'', ''
Evenimentul Zilei ''Evenimentul Zilei'' is a formerly physical and now exclusively online newspaper in Romania. Its name translates to "The event of the day" or "Today's event". History and profile ''Evenimentul Zilei'' was founded by Ion Cristoiu, Cornel Nisto ...
'', and ''
Adevărul (; meaning "The Truth", formerly spelled ''Adevĕrul'') is a Romanian daily newspaper, based in Bucharest. Founded in Iași, in 1871, and reestablished in 1888, in Bucharest, it was the main left-wing press venue to be published during the Kingd ...
'', including favourable editorials or articles about the event. '' Evenimentul Zilei's'' Andrei Crăciun argued that, through GayFest 2007, "Bucharest is preparing for a new test of normality" where "normality means the ability to accept diversity, even if you don't agree ith something" An editorial in the same newspaper by Emilian Isaila argued that same-sex marriage should be legalised and that "God" should not play a role in this debate. Isaila stated that, "Same-sex unions should be legalised so that those with another sexual orientation can benefit from rights regarding borrowing, common ownership of goods and inheritance. And I also believe that sexual minorities in Romania have the right at least once a year to provoke debate on this issue. After all, if we want it or not, society has to integrate them." GayFest was also covered in the HotOrNot section or the ''
Cotidianul The logo used between 2003 and 2007 ''Cotidianul'' (meaning ''The Daily'' in English) is a Romanian-language newspaper published in Bucharest, Romania Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern E ...
Weekend'' newspaper. The article, titled "If you're hetero exual go to the gay parade", stated that, ""Participating in GayFest is hot because, aside from the fight against discrimination, it is a parade that is jolly, coloured and can be fun". At 12:00 on 9 June,
ProTV PRO TV (, often stylized as PRO•TV since 2017) is a Romanian free-to-air television network, launched on 1 December 1995 as the fourth private TV channel in the country (after TV SOTI, Antena 1, and the now-defunct, but online Tele7ABC). It is o ...
, the largest private TV network in Romania, screened a short documentary titled "Gays which made history". In celebration of GayFest 2007, the show sought to inform people more about international LGBT history and issues of diversity. Following the pride parade, ''
Libertatea (; "Freedom") is a Romanian daily newspaper and online news website covering current affairs, entertainment, sports and lifestyle. It was founded on December 22, 1989 (12:45 p.m.), by Octavian Andronic, as "the first independent newspaper ...
'' sought to investigate the opinion of the public with regard to the event. According to its findings, the majority of those interviewed saw the parade as something "perfectly normal in a democratic country". One passer-by stated, "It's good that they're expressing their views. It's their business what sexual inclinations they have. As long as they don't affect me with anything, they can do what they want. If the City Hall gave them permission to organise a meeting, why wouldn't they do it? Today, people hold meetings for everything." Another interviewee remarked, "Their manifestation doesn't affect me in any way. They can do what they want if the City Hall gave them the right. They can affirm their opinions, they can ask for their rights, since we live in a free country." The GayFest 2007 received an official letter of support and solidarity from the organisers of Zagreb Pride, as well as from Herta Däubler-Gmelin, a member of the German
Bundestag The Bundestag (, "Federal Diet (assembly), Diet") is the lower house of the Germany, German Federalism in Germany, federal parliament. It is the only constitutional body of the federation directly elected by the German people. The Bundestag wa ...
and former Justice Minister of Germany.


=Religious groups

= The
Romanian Orthodox Church The Romanian Orthodox Church (ROC; , ), or Romanian Patriarchate, is an autocephalous Eastern Orthodox church in full communion with other Eastern Orthodox Christian denomination, Christian churches, and one of the nine patriarchates in the East ...
issued a statement against the pride parade on 7 June. stating that it "disapproves the manifestation in the public space of the sexual minorities...as it considers it to be an offence to the morality of public life, to the sacred institution of the family, the basis of society, and a danger for the formation of the younger generation, by exposing the youth to moral corruption." The parade was, however, supported by the
Metropolitan Community Church The Metropolitan Community Church (MCC), also known as the Universal Fellowship of Metropolitan Community Churches (UFMCC), is an international LGBT-affirming Christian denominations, LGBT-affirming mainline Protestant Christian denomination. The ...
in Bucharest, with the church's pastor, Diane Fisher, making a keynote address.


=Political reactions

= GayFest 2007 did not receive an official reaction from any political party in Romania. Some politicians did, however, make homophobic comments regarding the event. Gheorghe Flutur, the vice-president of the
Liberal Democratic Party Several political parties from around the world have been called the Liberal Democratic Party, Democratic Liberal Party or Liberal Democrats. These parties have usually followed liberalism as ideology, although they can vary widely from very progr ...
, stated in a television interview that he has "a poor opinion" of
LGBTQ LGBTQ people are individuals who are lesbian, Gay men, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, or questioning (sexuality and gender), questioning. Many variants of the initialism are used; LGBTQIA+ people incorporates intersex, Asexuality, asexual, ...
people, and that he disapproves of the liberties they have obtained. Radu Ţîrle, a Romanian MEP representing the Democratic Party, expressed his opposition to the gay pride parade, stating "The homosexual parade in Bucharest is a shame for Romania. It is regrettable that behind the so-called freedom of sexual orientation and freedom of opinion, the proselytism of this deviant and immoral behaviour is allowed to proliferate. The sexual orientation of anyone is a purely personal matter and its freedom is guaranteed by law, but it should not degenerate into manifestations which tend towards proselytism." Ţîrle also criticised the Bucharest City Hall for authorising the march. Ţîrle has in the past made derogatory comments about other minorities, such as the
Roma Roma or ROMA may refer to: People, characters, figures, names * Roma or Romani people, an ethnic group living mostly in Europe and the Americas. * Roma called Roy, ancient Egyptian High Priest of Amun * Roma (footballer, born 1979), born ''Paul ...
,
Hungarians Hungarians, also known as Magyars, are an Ethnicity, ethnic group native to Hungary (), who share a common Culture of Hungary, culture, Hungarian language, language and History of Hungary, history. They also have a notable presence in former pa ...
, and religious minorities, and in December 2006 the Democratic Party voted to no longer endorse him as a candidate for the next European Parliament elections. It is important to note that the Mayor of Bucharest,
Adriean Videanu Adriean Marian Videanu (; born 1 June 1962) is a businessman and former mayor of Bucharest, Romania. He is also a vice president of the Democratic Liberal Party of Romania, which was led by Emil Boc and the Minister of Economy in the Boc Cabinet ...
, who authorised the pride parade, is also a member of the Democratic Party.
Gigi Becali George "Gigi" Becali (; born 25 June 1958) is a Romanian businessman, writer, politician and former convict, mostly known for his ownership of the FCSB football club. Becali was a Member of the European Parliament between June 2009 and Decembe ...
, known for his repeated homophobic comments at previous LGBT events, stated, "I have nothing against them, but why they make a parade, I don't understand. Let them meet in the park, 300, 500 of them, to make a show. I would have nothing against it, but a parade, propaganda? It is abnormal." Becali, who is also the president of the Steaua football club, stated that he doesn't want any more homosexuals coming to Ghencea Stadium, but later appeared to contradict himself by saying "Discrimination? It's discrimination if I don't let them come. Where's the discrimination?" The
National Council for Combating Discrimination The National Council for Combating Discrimination (, or CNCD) is an agency of the Romanian government, established in 2001 and responsible for applying Romanian and European Union anti-discrimination laws and managing the National Anti-Discrimina ...
announced that it will be investigating if Becali's comments breach Romania's anti-discrimination laws, which also cover speech. In a later interview, however, Becali declared, "I love them omosexualsin the same way that I love all other people. They can marry at the City Hall, every day, 10 of them if they want to. But in church, they don't have a place.
Corneliu Vadim Tudor Corneliu Vadim Tudor (; 28 November 1949 – 14 September 2015), also colloquially known as "Tribunul", was a poet, writer, and journalist who was the leader of the Greater Romania Party () and a Member of the European Parliament. He was a Rom ...
, the president of the far-right
Greater Romania Party The Greater Romania Party (, PRM) is a Romanian far-right political party. Founded in May 1991 by Eugen Barbu and Corneliu Vadim Tudor, it was led by the latter from that point until his death in September 2015. The party is sometimes referred ...
, stated that public manifestations of homosexuality should be banned, because they "violate the sight, hearing and education of children" and "provoke the Church". However, he added that violence against LGBT people is a "form of barbarism", and should not be accepted under any circumstances.


GayFest 2008

The fifth GayFest took place between 19 and 24 May 2008. It included a film festival, public art exhibitions and public discussions, as well as the traditional gay pride parade through central Bucharest. Although counterdemonstrations were organised by Noua Dreaptă and other far-right groups, there were no violent incidents at the 2008 pride parade, with very significant police presence protecting participants. However, turnout was lower than at previous events, with only around 200-300 people marching.GayFest 2009: sute de poliţişti, o contramanifestaţie, trei europarlamentari


Film festival

The 2008 film festival component of GayFest will be the largest to date, showcasing fifteen LGBT-themed films and documentaries from around the world. A few films from the 2007 festival will also be repeated. They are: *''Finn's Girl'' (Canada, 2007) *''Trembling before G-d'' (Israel/United States, 2001) *''Un amour a taire'' (France, 2005) *''The Gymnast'' (United States, 2006) *''Les chansons d'amour'' (France, 2007) *''Au-dela de la haine'' (France, 2007) *''Monsieur Max'' (France, 2007) *''The End of Second Class'' (Canada, 2005) *''533 Statements'' (Canada, 2005) *''She's a Boy I Knew'' (Canada, 2007) *''Heneini'' (USA, 2005) *''Not That Kind of Christian!!'' (United States, 2007) *''Daddy and the Muscle Academy'' (Finland, 1991) *''Dos miradas'' (Spain, 2007) *''Innocent'' (Canada/Hong Kong, 2005)


GayFest 2009

GayFest 2009 took place between 18 and 24 May. The political theme of the 2009 GayFest was the legalisation of civil partnerships (''parteneriat civil''). Alongside the now-traditional gay pride parade, there was a film festival, photographic exhibitions, concerts, workshops, lectures, public debates and parties. For the first time, ACCEPT entered into a partnership with Metrorex, the operator of the
Bucharest Metro The Bucharest Metro () is an underground rapid transit system that serves Bucharest, the capital of Romania. It first opened for service on 16 November 1979. The network is run by Metrorex. One of two parts of the larger Transport in Bucharest, B ...
, to display anti-homophobia advertising in several metro stations. During GayFest, the United Kingdom Embassy also hosted a "Diversity Barbecue" which drew together human rights activists and representatives from NGOs.


Pride parade

The GayFest pride parade closed the festival, taking place on Saturday, 23 May at 17:00. Around 200 to 300 participants took part. The parade received substantial police protection, and no anti-gay violence was reported.Baloane, umbreluţe colorate şi veselie la Parada Gay Fest
(''Balloons, colours umbrellas and joy at the Gay Fest Parade''), Mediafax, 24 May 2009

(''Gay march coloured the "Victory of Socialism"''),
Adevărul (; meaning "The Truth", formerly spelled ''Adevĕrul'') is a Romanian daily newspaper, based in Bucharest. Founded in Iași, in 1871, and reestablished in 1888, in Bucharest, it was the main left-wing press venue to be published during the Kingd ...
, 24 May 2009
It was more festive than in previous years, with pop music, balloons and giant rainbow flags. Several European officials attended, including MEPs
Michael Cashman Colin Michael Maurice Cashman, Baron Cashman, (born 17 December 1950) is a British actor, dancer, politician, and LGBT rights activist. A member of the Labour Party, he served as a Member of the European Parliament for the West Midlands from 1 ...
, Michel Teychenné and Helene Goudin, the Ambassadors of the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, the Czech Republic and Sweden, the directors of the Polish Institute and
Goethe Institute The Goethe-Institut (; GI, ''Goethe Institute'') is a Nonprofit organization, nonprofit German culture, cultural organization operational worldwide with more than 150 cultural centres, promoting the study of the German language abroad and en ...
in Bucharest, and Boris Dittrich, the LGBT rights director at
Human Rights Watch Human Rights Watch (HRW) is an international non-governmental organization that conducts research and advocacy on human rights. Headquartered in New York City, the group investigates and reports on issues including War crime, war crimes, crim ...
. During the parade, British Ambassador Robin Barnett announced that the United Kingdom supported the gay rights struggle and was pleased at the "fantastic celebration" for diversity taking place in Bucharest. The Dutch Ambassador, Jaap Louis Werner, also held a speech, stating, "We are here to show our solidarity. We know what you want. You want to be treated like normal people with the same protections before the law".Jandarmii şi poliţiştii, mai numeroşi decât manifestanţii Paradei Gay
(''Gendarmes and police, more numerous than participants at the Gay Parade''), ''
Gândul ''Gândul'' (, "The Thought") is a Romanian online newspaper published in Bucharest Bucharest ( , ; ) is the capital and largest city of Romania. The metropolis stands on the River Dâmbovița (river), Dâmbovița in south-eastern Romania. ...
'', 23 May 2009
Letters of support were received from the French Ambassador to Romania, as well as three openly LGBT officials from the United Kingdom:
Angela Eagle Dame Angela Eagle DBE (born 17 February 1961) is a British Labour Party politician serving as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Wallasey since 1992. Eagle has served as Minister of State for Border Security and Asylum since July 2024. Eagle ...
,
Ben Bradshaw Sir Benjamin Peter James Bradshaw (born 30 August 1960) is a British politician who served as Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport from 2009 to 2010. A member of the Labour Party, he served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Exeter f ...
and
Chris Bryant Sir Christopher John Bryant (born 11 January 1962) is a British politician and former Anglican priest who has served as Member of Parliament (United Kingdom), Member of Parliament (MP) for Rhondda and Ogmore (UK Parliament constituency), Rhondda ...
. A counter-march against the gay pride parade, titled "March for Family", was held on Friday, 22 May by several conservative Orthodox groups. Nevertheless, while 1000 participants were expected, less than 100 took part. Furthermore, for the first time, the Romanian Orthodox Church announced its opposition to the anti-gay march, stating that "noisy street manifestations" were incompatible with religion. The Church nonetheless expressed its continuing opposition to GayFest, arguing that it was a threat to traditional family values.


GayFest 2010

GayFest 2010 took place successfully. Like last year, the pride parade took place without any violent incidents. For the first time, the parade received official support from the
Green Party A green party is a formally organized political party based on the principles of green politics, such as environmentalism and social justice. Green party platforms typically embrace Social democracy, social democratic economic policies and fo ...
, with the Executive President of the Party, Remus Cernea, taking part, along with other high-ranking members from the party.


GayFest 2011

The eight annual edition of Gay Fest took place between 30 May and 4 June. About 150 people participated in the parade on 4 June. US ambassador Mark Gitenstein, UK ambassador Martin Harris, Swedish ambassador Anders Bengtcen, officials of the Romanian Council Against Discrimination and of Amnesty International joined the parade. Earlier that day, far-right nationalist group Noua Dreaptă held a counter demonstration.


GayFest 2012

About 200 people participated in the parade. British MEP Michael Cashman, US ambassador Mark Gitenstein, UK ambassador Martin Harris were there. Romanian pop singer, model and actress Loredana Groza was the ambassador of the program "Eu sunt! Tu?" (I am! You?), an LGBT program from Romania whose aim is to fight against discrimination and stigma and to prevent the HIV/AIDS.


GayFest 2013

The tenth edition of Gay Fest took place between 3 and 8 June. The parade was held on the last day of the festival. Even though the day had started with a counter parade against homosexuals, the Gay Fest parade ended without incident. About 400 people participated in the parade, according to NGO ACCEPT, the organizer of the festival.


Bucharest Pride 2015

Bucharest's Pride march took place on 23 May, with no significant incidents during the march. The event attracted over 1,000 participants for the first time ever.


Bucharest Pride 2016

The 12th edition of Bucharest Pride attracted a record 2,500 participants and unfolded under the sign of family – "The family that three million Romanians try to redefine, limiting its meaning", referring to the petition signed by three million Romanian citizens who call for the amendment of the Constitution so that marriage be defined as an exclusive reunion between a man and a woman and not between two spouses, as currently stipulated in the Constitution. Participants in the march campaigned for non-discrimination, equal rights, including the right to
civil marriage A civil marriage is a marriage performed, recorded, and recognized by a government official. Such a marriage may be performed by a religious body and recognized by the state, or it may be entirely secular. History Countries maintaining a popul ...
, and visibility for the
LGBT community The LGBTQ community (also known as the LGBT, LGBT+, LGBTQ+, LGBTQIA, LGBTQIA+, or queer community) comprises LGBTQ people, LGBTQ individuals united by LGBTQ culture, a common culture and LGBTQ movements, social movements. These Community, comm ...
. The march was attended, among others, by politician Remus Cernea and singer
Andreea Bălan Andreea Bălan (; born 23 June 1984) is a Romanian pop singer. Bălan started singing on children's TV shows, but became known as a member of the girl group Andrè (1998–2002), along with Andreea Antonescu. In 2002, she started a solo career ...
.


Bucharest Pride 2021

The 2021 pride event (August 14) celebrates 20 years since the decriminalization of homosexuality in Romania. A decision by the municipality to reroute the march from its traditional route sparked protests, but following discussions mediated by UK ambassador Andrew Noble, the municipality reversed its decision and allowed the march to take place along its previous route. Under
COVID-19 Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious disease caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. In January 2020, the disease spread worldwide, resulting in the COVID-19 pandemic. The symptoms of COVID‑19 can vary but often include fever ...
restrictions only 500 people are allowed to attend, but organizers expect more to show up. The event attracted over 10,000 participants, a similar number achieved in the 2019 edition, yet a notable increase from the 2,500 participants recorded in 2016.


Bucharest Pride 2024

The 2024 edition of the Bucharest Pride was attended by over 27.000 people. Among them were pro-Palestinians who shouted "there is no pride in
genocide Genocide is violence that targets individuals because of their membership of a group and aims at the destruction of a people. Raphael Lemkin, who first coined the term, defined genocide as "the destruction of a nation or of an ethnic group" by ...
". The event was attended by Greens/EFA MEP Nicu Ștefănuță.


See also

*
LGBT rights in Romania Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) people in Romania face legal challenges and discrimination not experienced by non-LGBTQ residents. Attitudes in Romania are generally conservative, with regard to the rights of gay, lesbian, ...
* Accept *
Gay pride parade A pride parade (also known as pride event, pride festival, pride march, or pride protest) is an event celebrating lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer (LGBTQ) social and self-acceptance, achievements, legal rights, and pride. The eve ...


Notes


External links


GayFest official siteGayFest by yearsYouTube video of GayFest pride parade 2005
{{Pride parades Culture in Bucharest LGBTQ events in Romania Pride parades in Europe Recurring events established in 2004 2004 establishments in Romania Parades in Romania