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''Fundamento de Esperanto'' (
English English usually refers to: * English language * English people English may also refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * ''English'', an adjective for something of, from, or related to England ** English national ide ...
: ''Foundation of Esperanto'') is a 1905 book by L. L. Zamenhof, in which the author explains the basic grammar rules and vocabulary that constitute the basis of the
constructed language A constructed language (sometimes called a conlang) is a language whose phonology, grammar, and vocabulary, instead of having developed naturally, are consciously devised for some purpose, which may include being devised for a work of fiction. ...
Esperanto Esperanto ( or ) is the world's most widely spoken constructed international auxiliary language. Created by the Warsaw-based ophthalmologist L. L. Zamenhof in 1887, it was intended to be a universal second language for international commun ...
. On August 9, 1905, it was made the only obligatory authority over the language by the Declaration of Boulogne at the first World Esperanto Congress. Much of the content of the book is a reproduction of content from Zamenhof's earlier works, particularly ''
Unua Libro ''Dr. Esperanto's International Language'' (russian: Международный язык), commonly referred to as ' (''First Book''), is an 1887 book by Polish ophthalmologist L. L. Zamenhof, in which he first introduced and described the co ...
''.


Content

''Fundamento de Esperanto'' consists of four parts: a foreword, a grammar section, a collection of exercises, and a dictionary. With the exception of the foreword, almost everything in the ''Fundamento'' comes directly from Zamenhof's earlier works, primarily ''
Unua Libro ''Dr. Esperanto's International Language'' (russian: Международный язык), commonly referred to as ' (''First Book''), is an 1887 book by Polish ophthalmologist L. L. Zamenhof, in which he first introduced and described the co ...
''. Esperanto, however, underwent a minor change in 1888 in '' Aldono al la Dua Libro'', in which Zamenhof changed the ending of the temporal correlatives (''when'', ''then'', ''always'', ''sometimes'', ''never'') from ''-ian'' to ''-iam'', so the Esperanto of the ''Fundamento'' is slightly different than that of ''Unua Libro''. The grammar and dictionary sections of the ''Fundamento'' are in five national languages: French,
English English usually refers to: * English language * English people English may also refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * ''English'', an adjective for something of, from, or related to England ** English national ide ...
, German,
Russian Russian(s) refers to anything related to Russia, including: *Russians (, ''russkiye''), an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries * Rossiyane (), Russian language term for all citizens and p ...
, and
Polish Polish may refer to: * Anything from or related to Poland, a country in Europe * Polish language * Poles, people from Poland or of Polish descent * Polish chicken *Polish brothers (Mark Polish and Michael Polish, born 1970), American twin scree ...
.


Declaration of Boulogne

''Fundamento de Esperanto'' was made the official source of Esperanto in the fourth article of the Declaration of Boulogne at the first World Esperanto Congress in
Boulogne-sur-Mer Boulogne-sur-Mer (; pcd, Boulonne-su-Mér; nl, Bonen; la, Gesoriacum or ''Bononia''), often called just Boulogne (, ), is a coastal city in Hauts-de-France, Northern France. It is a Subprefectures in France, sub-prefecture of the Department ...
, France: Equal to the ''Fundamento'' are the ''Oficialaj Aldonoj'' (''Official Additions''). To date, there have been nine Official Additions. The foreword of the ''Fundamento'' states: That authoritative institution is the
Akademio de Esperanto The Akademio de Esperanto (AdE; en, Academy of Esperanto, link=yes) is an independent body of Esperanto speakers who steward the evolution of said language by keeping it consistent with the ''Fundamento de Esperanto'' in accordance with the Decl ...
.


References


External links

{{Wikisourcelang, eo, Fundamento de Esperanto
A web-based version of the ''Fundamento de Esperanto''
Akademio de Esperanto
The original print ''Fundamento''.

A detailed commentary on the Fundamento
Berlina Komentario, 2 vol. 2014, 650 pp. (in Esperanto).

This collection includes, among many others, reprints of the "canonical books" of the Esperanto language; i.e. Unua Libro, Dua Libro (with the Aldono al la Dua Libro) and Fundamento de Esperanto.
''La Fundamento Centjara 2''
Carlo Minnaja (in Esperanto). *(eo
Praktika Fundamento de Esperanto
L.L. Zamenhof, ''Lerniloj, vortaro, FEL'', 2020. Esperanto history Esperanto literature 1905 non-fiction books