François Grosjean
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François Grosjean is a
Professor Emeritus ''Emeritus'' (; female: ''emerita'') is an adjective used to designate a retired chair, professor, pastor, bishop, pope, director, president, prime minister, rabbi, emperor, or other person who has been "permitted to retain as an honorary title ...
and former Director of the Language and Speech Processing Laboratory at the University of Neuchâtel (
Switzerland ). Swiss law does not designate a ''capital'' as such, but the federal parliament and government are installed in Bern, while other federal institutions, such as the federal courts, are in other cities (Bellinzona, Lausanne, Luzern, Neuchâtel ...
). His specialty is
psycholinguistics Psycholinguistics or psychology of language is the study of the interrelation between linguistic factors and psychological aspects. The discipline is mainly concerned with the mechanisms by which language is processed and represented in the mind ...
and his domains of interest are the perception, comprehension and production of language, be it
speech Speech is a human vocal communication using language. Each language uses phonetic combinations of vowel and consonant sounds that form the sound of its words (that is, all English words sound different from all French words, even if they are th ...
or
sign language Sign languages (also known as signed languages) are languages that use the visual-manual modality to convey meaning, instead of spoken words. Sign languages are expressed through manual articulation in combination with non-manual markers. Sign ...
, in monolinguals and bilinguals. He also has interests in biculturalism,
applied linguistics Applied linguistics is an interdisciplinary field which identifies, investigates, and offers solutions to language-related real-life problems. Some of the academic fields related to applied linguistics are education, psychology, communication res ...
,
aphasia Aphasia is an inability to comprehend or formulate language because of damage to specific brain regions. The major causes are stroke and head trauma; prevalence is hard to determine but aphasia due to stroke is estimated to be 0.1–0.4% in ...
,
sign language Sign languages (also known as signed languages) are languages that use the visual-manual modality to convey meaning, instead of spoken words. Sign languages are expressed through manual articulation in combination with non-manual markers. Sign ...
, and
natural language processing Natural language processing (NLP) is an interdisciplinary subfield of linguistics, computer science, and artificial intelligence concerned with the interactions between computers and human language, in particular how to program computers to proc ...
. He is better known for his work on
bilingualism Multilingualism is the use of more than one language, either by an individual speaker or by a group of speakers. It is believed that multilingual speakers outnumber monolingual speakers in the world's population. More than half of all ...
in which he has investigated the holistic view of bilingualism, language mode, the complementarity principle, and the processing of
code-switching In linguistics, code-switching or language alternation occurs when a speaker alternates between two or more languages, or language varieties, in the context of a single conversation or situation. Code-switching is different from plurilingualis ...
and borrowing. In one of his most-cited papers, Grosjean argues that
hearing-impaired Hearing loss is a partial or total inability to hear. Hearing loss may be present at birth or acquired at any time afterwards. Hearing loss may occur in one or both ears. In children, hearing problems can affect the ability to acquire spoken ...
children have the right to grow up bilingual, learning two languages—namely,
sign language Sign languages (also known as signed languages) are languages that use the visual-manual modality to convey meaning, instead of spoken words. Sign languages are expressed through manual articulation in combination with non-manual markers. Sign ...
and
oral language A spoken language is a language produced by articulate sounds or (depending on one's definition) manual gestures, as opposed to a written language. An oral language or vocal language is a language produced with the vocal tract in contrast with a si ...
. Grosjean was born in
Paris Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. Si ...
(
France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...
) in 1946, son of Roger Grosjean, a French archaeologist and double-agent during World War II, and of Angela (Jill) Shipway Pratt, a British top model in Paris and then race horse breeder in Italy. Grosjean spent his youth in France (Villiers-Adam), Switzerland ( Aiglon College in Chesières) and
England England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Wales to its west and Scotland to its north. The Irish Sea lies northwest and the Celtic Sea to the southwest. It is separated from continental Europe ...
, where he attended
Ratcliffe College Ratcliffe College is a coeducational Catholic independent boarding and day school near the village of Ratcliffe on the Wreake, Leicestershire, approximately from Leicester, England. The college, situated in of parkland on the Fosse Way about ...
. He received his degrees up to the Doctorat d'Etat from the
University of Paris , image_name = Coat of arms of the University of Paris.svg , image_size = 150px , caption = Coat of Arms , latin_name = Universitas magistrorum et scholarium Parisiensis , motto = ''Hic et ubique terrarum'' (Latin) , mottoeng = Here and a ...
, France. He started his academic career at the University of Paris 8 and then left for the United States in 1974, where he taught and did research in psycholinguistics at Northeastern University. While at Northeastern, Grosjean was also a Research Affiliate at the Speech Communication Laboratory at
MIT The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a private land-grant research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Established in 1861, MIT has played a key role in the development of modern technology and science, and is one of the m ...
. In 1987, he was appointed professor at the University of Neuchâtel, Switzerland; he founded the Language and Speech Processing Laboratory and headed it for twenty years. In addition to his academic appointments, Grosjean has lectured occasionally at the Universities of Basel, Zurich and
Oxford Oxford () is a city in England. It is the county town and only city of Oxfordshire. In 2020, its population was estimated at 151,584. It is north-west of London, south-east of Birmingham and north-east of Bristol. The city is home to the ...
. In 1998, he cofounded '' Bilingualism: Language and Cognition'', a Cambridge University Press
journal A journal, from the Old French ''journal'' (meaning "daily"), may refer to: *Bullet journal, a method of personal organization *Diary, a record of what happened over the course of a day or other period *Daybook, also known as a general journal, a ...
. In 2019, Grosjean published his autobiography, "A Journey in Languages and Cultures: The Life of a Bicultural Bilingual" (Oxford University Press).


Books

*Grosjean, F. (1982). ''Life with Two Languages: An Introduction to Bilingualism''. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press. *Lane, H. and Grosjean, F. (Eds.). (1982). ''Recent Perspectives on American Sign Language''. Hillsdale, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum. *Grosjean, F. and Frauenfelder, U. (Eds.). (1997). ''A Guide to Spoken Word Recognition Paradigms''. Hove, England: Psychology Press. *Grosjean, F. (2008). ''Studying Bilinguals''. Oxford: Oxford University Press. *Grosjean, F. (2010). ''Bilingual: Life and Reality''. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press. *Grosjean, F. & Dommergues, J-Y. (2011). ''La statistique en clair''. Paris, France: Ellipses Edition. *Grosjean, F. (2011). ''Roger Grosjean: Itinéraires d'un archéologue''. Ajaccio, France: Editions Alain Piazzola. *Grosjean, F. & Li, P. (2013). ''The Psycholinguistics of Bilingualism''. Malden, MA & Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. *Grosjean, F. (2015). ''Parler plusieurs langues: Le monde des bilingues''. Paris, France: Albin Michel. *Grosjean, F. (2015). ''Bilinguismo. Miti e Realtà''. Milan, Italy: Mimesis. *Grosjean, F. (2016). ''A la recherche de Roger et Sallie''. Hauterive, Switzerland: Editions Attinger. *Grosjean, F. & Byers-Heinlein, K. (2018). ''The Listening Bilingual: Speech Perception, Comprehension and Bilingualism''. Hoboken, NJ & Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. *Grosjean, F. (2019). ''A Journey in Languages and Cultures: The Life of a Bicultural Bilingual''. Oxford: Oxford University Press. *Grosjean, F. (2021). ''Life as a Bilingual: Knowing and Using Two or More Languages''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. *Grosjean, F. (2022). ''The Mysteries of Bilingualism: Unresolved Issues''. Hoboken, NJ & Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.


References


External links


François Grosjean's HomepageHis blog on Psychology TodayThe right of the deaf child to grow up bilingual
{{DEFAULTSORT:Grosjean, Francois Living people University of Paris alumni Northeastern University faculty Bilingualism and second-language acquisition researchers University of Neuchâtel faculty Year of birth missing (living people)