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Francesco Hayez (; 10 February 1791 – 12 February 1882) was an Italian painter. He is considered one of the leading artists of
Francesco Hayez was from a relatively poor family from 
His portraits have the intensity of Ingres and the Nazarene movement. Often sitting, Hayez's subjects are often dressed in austere, black and white clothing, with little to no accoutrements. While Hayez made portraits for the nobility, he also explored other subjects like fellow artists and musicians. Late in his career, he is known to have worked using photographs.
One of Hayez's favorite themes was semi-clothed Odalisque evocative of oriental themes – a favorite topic of Romantic painters. The depictions of harems and their women allowed artists the ability to paint scenes otherwise not acceptable within society. Even Hayez's
File:Francesco Hayez 057.jpg, ''Self-Portrait''
File:Francesco Hayez 024.jpg, ''Reclining Odalisque'' (1839)
File:Francesco Hayez - Portrait of Gian Giacomo Poldi Pezzoli - Google Art Project.jpg, Portrait of Gian Giacomo Poldi Pezzoli
File:Francesco Hayez 017.jpg, ''Destruction of Temple of Jerusalem'' (1867)
File:Hayez, Fracesco - Crusaders Thirsting near Jerusalem - 1836-50.jpg, ''Crusaders Thirsting near Jerusalem'' (1836–1850)
File:Francesco Hayez 013.jpg, ''Refugees of Parga'' (1831)
File:Francesco Hayez - The Two Foscari - WGA11217.jpg, Scene from Byron's drama '' The Two Foscari'' (
Romanticism
Romanticism (also known as the Romantic movement or Romantic era) was an artistic, literary, musical, and intellectual movement that originated in Europe towards the end of the 18th century, and in most areas was at its peak in the approximate ...
in mid-19th-century Milan
Milan ( , , Lombard: ; it, Milano ) is a city in northern Italy, capital of Lombardy, and the second-most populous city proper in Italy after Rome. The city proper has a population of about 1.4 million, while its metropolitan city ...
, and is renowned for his grand historical paintings, political allegories, and portraits.
Biography
Francesco Hayez was from a relatively poor family from Venice
Venice ( ; it, Venezia ; vec, Venesia or ) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto Regions of Italy, region. It is built on a group of 118 small islands that are separated by canals and linked by over 400 ...
. His father, Giovanni, was of French origin while his mother, Chiara Torcella, was from Murano. Francesco was the youngest of five sons. He was brought up by his mother's sister, who had married Giovanni Binasco, a well-off shipowner and art collector. Hayez displayed a predisposition for drawing since childhood. His uncle, having noticed his precocious talent, apprenticed him to an art restorer in Venice. Hayez would later become a pupil of the painter Francesco Maggiotto
Francesco Fedeli, nicknamed Francesco Maggiotto or also il Maggiotto (1738 – 13 September 1805) was an Italian painter from Venice.
Life
Francesco Maggiotto was the son of Domenico Fedeli, with whom he shared the nickname "Maggiotto"; in ...
with whom he continued his studies for three years. He was admitted to the painting course of the New Academy of Fine Arts in Venice in 1806, where he studied under Teodoro Matteini
Teodoro Matteini (Pistoia, 1753 - Venice, 1831) was an Italian painter, mainly of historical and religious subjects in a Neoclassical style.
Biography
His father, Ippolito Matteini, born 1720, was a decorative painter and was the teacher of the ...
. In 1809 he won a competition from the Academy of Venice for a one year residency at the Accademia di San Luca
The Accademia di San Luca (the "Academy of Saint Luke") is an Italian academy of artists in Rome. The establishment of the Accademia de i Pittori e Scultori di Roma was approved by papal brief in 1577, and in 1593 Federico Zuccari became its fir ...
in Rome. He remained in Rome until 1814, then moved to Naples
Naples (; it, Napoli ; nap, Napule ), from grc, Νεάπολις, Neápolis, lit=new city. is the regional capital of Campania and the third-largest city of Italy, after Rome and Milan, with a population of 909,048 within the city's adm ...
where he was commissioned by Joachim Murat to paint a major work depicting '' Ulysses at the court of Alcinous
In Greek mythology, Alcinous (; Ancient Greek: Ἀλκίνους or Ἀλκίνοος ''Alkínoös'' means "mighty mind") was a son of Nausithous and brother of Rhexenor. After the latter's death, he married his brother's daughter Arete who ...
''. In the mid-1830s he attended the Maffei Salon
Salon may refer to:
Common meanings
* Beauty salon, a venue for cosmetic treatments
* French term for a drawing room, an architectural space in a home
* Salon (gathering), a meeting for learning or enjoyment
Arts and entertainment
* Salon ( ...
in Milan
Milan ( , , Lombard: ; it, Milano ) is a city in northern Italy, capital of Lombardy, and the second-most populous city proper in Italy after Rome. The city proper has a population of about 1.4 million, while its metropolitan city ...
, hosted by Clara Maffei
Elena Clara Antonia Carrara Spinelli (13 March 1814, in Bergamo – 13 July 1886, in Milan) was an Italian woman of letters and backer of the Risorgimento, usually known by her married name of countess Clara Maffei or Chiarina Maffei.
Life
At 17 y ...
. Maffei's husband would later commission Hayez a portrait of his wife. In 1850 Hayez was appointed director of the Brera Academy.
Over the course of a long career, Hayez proved to be particularly prolific. His output included historic paintings designed to appeal to the patriotic sensibility of his patrons as well as works reflecting the desire to accompany a Neoclassic style to grand themes, either from biblical or classical literature. He also painted scenes from theatrical presentations. Conspicuously absent from his oeuvre, however, are altarpieces - possibly due to the Napoleonic invasions that deconsecrated many churches and convents in Northern Italy. Art historian Corrado Ricci described Hayez as a ''classicist'' who then evolved into a style of ''emotional tumult''.
His portraits have the intensity of Ingres and the Nazarene movement. Often sitting, Hayez's subjects are often dressed in austere, black and white clothing, with little to no accoutrements. While Hayez made portraits for the nobility, he also explored other subjects like fellow artists and musicians. Late in his career, he is known to have worked using photographs.
One of Hayez's favorite themes was semi-clothed Odalisque evocative of oriental themes – a favorite topic of Romantic painters. The depictions of harems and their women allowed artists the ability to paint scenes otherwise not acceptable within society. Even Hayez's Mary Magdalene
Mary Magdalene (sometimes called Mary of Magdala, or simply the Magdalene or the Madeleine) was a woman who, according to the four canonical gospels, traveled with Jesus as one of his followers and was a witness to his crucifixion and
resurre ...
has more sensuality than religious fervor.
Hayez's painting '' The Kiss'' was considered among his best work by his contemporaries, and is possibly his most well-known effort. The anonymous, unaffected gesture of the couple does not require knowledge of myth or literature to interpret, and appeals to a modern gaze.
A scientific assessment of Hayez's career has been made complicated by his proclivity for not signing or dating his works. Often dates in his paintings indicate when the work was acquired or sold, not the time of its creation. Moreover, he often painted the same compositions several times with minimal variations if any at all.
Among his pupils from the Brera Academy were Carlo Belgioioso, Amanzio Cattaneo, Alessandro Focosi, Giovanni Battista Lamperti, Livo Pecora, Angelo Pietrasanta, Antonio Silo, Ismaele Teglio Milla and Francesco Valaperta.
Hayez died in Milan, age 91. His studio at the Brera Academy is marked with a plate.
Gallery
:''See also :Paintings by Francesco Hayez.''Antonio Bernocchi
Antonio Bernocchi (17 January 1859 – 8 December 1930) was an Italian industrialist, who built up a successful textile factory at Legnano, in Lombardy.
Life
Bernocchi was born on 17 January 1859 at Castellanza in the province of Varese, in L ...
family collection, today in the Museum of Fondazione Cariplo)
File:Francesco Hayez 022.jpg, Sicilian Vespers scene 1 (1821–22)
File:Francesco Hayez 023.jpg, Sicilian Vespers scene 3 (1821–22)
File:Francesco Hayez 061.jpg, ''Meeting of Esau and Jacob''
File:Francesco Hayez 016.jpg, ''New Favorite in Harem''
File:Francesco Hayez 033.jpg, Portrait, ''Ballerina Carlotta Chabert as Venus'' (1830)
File:Francesco Hayez - Ruth.jpg, '' Ruth'' (1835)
File:Francesco Hayez 026.jpg, ''Odalisque'' (1867)
File:Francesco Hayez 054.jpg, '' Susanna at her Bath'' (1859)
File:Francesco Hayez 004.jpg, ''Nude Bather''
File:Francesco Hayez 027.jpg, ''Odalisque with Book'' (1866)
File:Hayez, Fracesco - La Meditazione - 1851.jpg, ''The Meditation'' (1851)
File:Hayez Ciociara.jpg, CiociaraA derogatory term used in Rome in the nineteenth century to ridicule the poor shepherds of the mountain regions; the term was then used by the painters of the time for their portraits.
File:Francesco Hayez 056.jpg, ''Samson and the Lion'' (1842)
File:Francesco Hayez 037.jpg, Portrait, Matilde Juva-Branca (1851)
File:Francesco Hayez 038.jpg, Portrait, Princess di Sant' Antimo (1840–1844)
File:Francesco Hayez - Portrait of Antonietta Tarsis Basilico.jpg, Portrait, Antonietta Tarsis Basilico (1851)
File:Francesco Hayez 036.jpg, Portrait, Felicina Caglio Perego di Cremnago (1842)
File:Francesco Hayez - Ritratto di Antonietta Vitali Sola.jpg, Portrait, Antonietta Vitali Sola (1823)
File:Antonio Rosmini by Hayez.jpg, Portrait, Antonio Rosmini (1835)
File:Francesco Hayez 041.jpg, Portrait, Camillo Benso, Conte of Cavour (1864)
File:Francesco Hayez 048.jpg, Portrait, Massimo d'Azeglio (1860)
File:Francesco Hayez - Ritratto di Alessandro Manzoni.jpg, Portrait, Alessandro Manzoni (1841)
File:Francesco Hayez 043.jpg, Portrait, Conte Ninni (1823)
File:Francesco Hayez 020.jpg, Levite Ephraim (1842–1844)
File:Athlète triomphant de Francesco Hayez 1813.jpg, '' The Victorious Athlete'' (1813)
File:Francisco Hayez - Vengeance is Sworn.jpg, '' Vengeance is Sworn'' (1851)
File:Hayez, Francesco – Accusa segreta – 1847 1848.jpg, ''Secret Accusation'' (1847–1848)
File:Francesco Hayez 059.jpg, ''Revenge of a Rival (The Venetian Woman)'' (1853)
See also
* Christian art *List of Orientalist artists
This is an incomplete list of artists who have produced works on Orientalist subjects, drawn from the Islamic world or other parts of Asia. Many artists listed on this page worked in many genres, and Orientalist subjects may not have formed a m ...
* Orientalism
* Neo-romanticism
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hayez, Francesco 1791 births 1882 deaths 18th-century Italian painters Italian male painters 19th-century Italian painters 19th-century Italian male artists 19th-century painters of historical subjects Accademia di Belle Arti di Venezia alumni Brera Academy faculty Burials at the Cimitero Monumentale di Milano Italian romantic painters Italian portrait painters Italian people of French descent Orientalist painters Painters from Venice 18th-century Italian male artists