''Filopaludina martensi'' is a
species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of ...
of large
freshwater snail
Freshwater snails are gastropod mollusks which live in fresh water. There are many different families. They are found throughout the world in various habitats, ranging from ephemeral pools to the largest lakes, and from small seeps and springs ...
with a
gill
A gill () is a respiratory organ that many aquatic organisms use to extract dissolved oxygen from water and to excrete carbon dioxide. The gills of some species, such as hermit crabs, have adapted to allow respiration on land provided they are ...
and an
operculum, an
aquatic gastropod
The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda ().
This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. The ...
mollusk
Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is estim ...
in the family
Viviparidae
Viviparidae, sometimes known as the river snails or mystery snails, are a family of large operculate freshwater snails, aquatic gastropod mollusks.
This family is classified in the informal group Architaenioglossa according to the taxonomy ...
.
Description
The shape of the
shell
Shell may refer to:
Architecture and design
* Shell (structure), a thin structure
** Concrete shell, a thin shell of concrete, usually with no interior columns or exterior buttresses
** Thin-shell structure
Science Biology
* Seashell, a hard o ...
is ovate-conic.
The
apex
The apex is the highest point of something. The word may also refer to:
Arts and media Fictional entities
* Apex (comics), a teenaged super villainess in the Marvel Universe
* Ape-X, a super-intelligent ape in the Squadron Supreme universe
*Apex ...
is acute and violet-black in colour.
The
umbilicus of the shell is very narrow.
There are fine spiral lines on the shell.
The color of the shell is green or dark brown-blackish.
The shell has 6-7 convex
whorls
A whorl ( or ) is an individual circle, oval, volution or equivalent in a whorled pattern, which consists of a spiral or multiple concentric objects (including circles, ovals and arcs).
Whorls in nature
File:Photograph and axial plane floral d ...
.
Whorls are with upper spiral lines, some are obsolescently
sculptured.
The
last whorl
The body whorl is part of the morphology of the shell in those gastropod mollusks that possess a coiled shell. The term is also sometimes used in a similar way to describe the shell of a cephalopod mollusk.
In gastropods
In gastropods, the b ...
is swollen.
The
aperture
In optics, an aperture is a hole or an opening through which light travels. More specifically, the aperture and focal length of an optical system determine the cone angle of a bundle of rays that come to a focus in the image plane.
An opti ...
is oblique, ovately rounded.
The aperture is
cerulean
Cerulean (), also spelled caerulean, is a shade of blue ranging between azure and a darker sky blue.
The first recorded use of ''cerulean'' as a colour name in English was in 1590. The word is derived from the Latin word '' caeruleus'', "dar ...
-white in colour.
The upper part of the aperture is not acute.
The
peristome Peristome (from the Greek ''peri'', meaning 'around' or 'about', and ''stoma'', 'mouth') is an anatomical feature that surrounds an opening to an organ or structure. Some plants, fungi, and shelled gastropods have peristomes.
In mosses
In mosses, ...
is straight, thick, blunt, often outwardly blackish.
The width of the shell is up to .
The height of the shell is up to .
The length of the aperture is up to .
The
operculum has the color of horn with golden shining and it is widely ovate. There are concentric lines on the operculum.
Taxonomy
This species was firstly described by
Eduard von Martens
Eduard von Martens (18 April 1831 – 14 August 1904) also known as ''Carl'' or ''Karl Eduard von Martens'', was a German zoologist.
Born in Stuttgart in 1831, von Martens attended university in Tübingen, where he graduated in 1855. He then move ...
under the name ''Paludina cingulata'' in 1860 based on specimen collected by
Henri Mouhot
Alexandre Henri Mouhot (May 15, 1826 — November 10, 1861) was a French naturalist and explorer of the mid-19th century. He was born in Montbéliard, Doubs, France, near the Swiss border, but spent his childhood in Russia and, possibly, parts ...
.
Georg Ritter von Frauenfeld created a
new replacement name ''Vivipara martensi'' for this species in 1864, because the name ''
Vivipara cingulata'' was already used for a fossil species by
Philippe Matheron before.
Subspecies
Three subspecies are recognized,
but this species and its subspecies require revision.
* ''Filopaludina martensi cambodiensis'' Brandt, 1974
* ''Filopaludina martensi martensi'' (Frauenfeld, 1864)
* ''Filopaludina martensi munensis'' Brandt, 1974
Distribution
This species is found in
Cambodia
Cambodia (; also Kampuchea ; km, កម្ពុជា, UNGEGN: ), officially the Kingdom of Cambodia, is a country located in the southern portion of the Indochinese Peninsula in Southeast Asia, spanning an area of , bordered by Thailand ...
,
Indonesia
Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guinea. In ...
,
Laos
Laos (, ''Lāo'' )), officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic ( Lao: ສາທາລະນະລັດ ປະຊາທິປະໄຕ ປະຊາຊົນລາວ, French: République démocratique populaire lao), is a socialist ...
,
Malaysia
Malaysia ( ; ) is a country in Southeast Asia. The federal constitutional monarchy consists of thirteen states and three federal territories, separated by the South China Sea into two regions: Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo's East Malays ...
,
Thailand
Thailand ( ), historically known as Siam () and officially the Kingdom of Thailand, is a country in Southeast Asia, located at the centre of the Indochinese Peninsula, spanning , with a population of almost 70 million. The country is b ...
and
Vietnam
Vietnam or Viet Nam ( vi, Việt Nam, ), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam,., group="n" is a country in Southeast Asia, at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of and population of 96 million, making it ...
.
The
type locality is "
Siam
Thailand ( ), historically known as Siam () and officially the Kingdom of Thailand, is a country in Southeast Asia, located at the centre of the Indochinese Peninsula, spanning , with a population of almost 70 million. The country is b ...
" (a detailed type locality was not given).
Ecology
''Filopaludina martensi'' lives in canals and ponds.
It feeds (as do all other Viviparidae) as a
filter feeder
Filter feeders are a sub-group of suspension feeding animals that feed by straining suspended matter and food particles from water, typically by passing the water over a specialized filtering structure. Some animals that use this method of feedin ...
.
There are in development 0-14 juveniles in a brood-pouch of a female.
Female gave birth to juveniles mainly at night.
[.] Parasites of ''Filopaludina martensi martensi'' include:
* ''
Paragonimus siamensis'' as the first
intermediate host
In biology and medicine, a host is a larger organism that harbours a smaller organism; whether a parasitic, a mutualistic, or a commensalist ''guest'' (symbiont). The guest is typically provided with nourishment and shelter. Examples include a ...
.
* at least three species of
Echinostomatidae
Parasites of ''Filopaludina martensi'' include trematode ''
Multicotyle purvisi''.
Human use
''Filopaludina martensi'' is used as part of the
cuisine of Thailand
Thai cuisine ( th, อาหารไทย, , ) is the national cuisine of Thailand.
Thai cooking places emphasis on lightly prepared dishes with strong aromatic components and a spicy edge. Australian chef David Thompson, an expert on Thai ...
.
References
*This article incorporates public domain text from Martens, 1860
External links
*
*
Kobelt W. (1909). "Die Gattung ''Paludina'' Lam. (''Vivipara'' Montfort) (Neue Folge). In Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Beschreibungen". ''
Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet von Martini und Chemnitz'', Nürnberg, 1(21a): pp
97��430, plates 15–77.
page 203��204
table 41 fig. 7–8.
{{Taxonbar , from=Q5392479
Viviparidae
Taxa named by Georg Ritter von Frauenfeld