"Fiddlin'" John Carson (March 23, 1868 – December 11, 1949) was an American
old-time fiddler and singer who recorded what is widely considered to be the first
country music song featuring vocals and lyrics.
Early life
Carson was born near McCaysville in
Fannin County, Georgia. He moved to
Cobb County in his youth. His father worked as a section foreman for the
Western and Atlantic Railroad Company. In his teens, Carson learned to play the fiddle, using an old Stradivari-copy violin brought from Ireland in the early 18th century.
[Malone, McCulloh 1975, p. 17.][Miller 1996, p. 73.] In his teens, he worked as a racehorse jockey.
[
In 1894, Carson married, and a couple of years later, in 1900, he began working for the ]Exposition Cotton Mills
The Exposition Cotton Mills were cotton mills located in what is now the West Midtown area of Atlanta at the upper end of the Marietta Street Artery, an area rich with industrial heritage architecture. They were built on what had been Oglethorpe ...
in Atlanta
Atlanta ( ) is the capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Georgia. It is the seat of Fulton County, the most populous county in Georgia, but its territory falls in both Fulton and DeKalb counties. With a population of 498,7 ...
, followed by work in other cotton mills of the Atlanta area for the next twenty years, eventually being promoted to foreman.[Wolfe 2001, p. 65.] In 1911, Carson's family moved to Cabbagetown, Georgia and he and his children began working for the Fulton Bag and Cotton Mill.[Goodson 2007, p. 174.] Three years later, in 1914, the workers of the cotton mill went on strike for their right to form a union, and Carson had nothing else to do but to perform for a living in the streets of North Atlanta.[ In these days, he wrote many songs, and he used to print copies and sell them in the streets for a nickel or a dime. Some of the songs he wrote dealt with real-life drama like the murder ballad "Mary Phagan". Because the governor of Georgia, ]John Marshall Slaton
John Marshall "Jack" Slaton (December 25, 1866 – January 11, 1955) served two non-consecutive terms as the 60th Governor of Georgia. His political career was ended in 1915 after he commuted the death penalty sentence of Atlanta factory boss ...
, commuted the death sentence of the wrongly convicted murderer of Mary Phagan to a life sentence, Carson, in outrage, wrote another version of "Mary Phagan" where he accused the governor of being paid a million dollars from a New York bank to change the verdict, causing him to be thrown in jail for slander.[Wolfe 2001, p. 66.] The convicted killer, Leo Frank, was lynched.
On April 1, 1913, Carson performed at the first annual "Georgia Old-Time Fiddlers' Convention", held at the Municipal Auditorium in Atlanta,[Russell 2007, p. 5.][Daniel 2001, p. 18–19.] where he came in fourth.[Daniel 2001, p. 22.] But between 1914 and 1922, he was proclaimed "Champion Fiddler of Georgia" seven times.[ The governor of Tennessee, Robert L. Taylor, dubbed him "Fiddlin' John".][ In 1919, Carson began touring, mostly the areas north of Atlanta, with his newly formed band the Cronies.][ He became associated with many politicians of Georgia, like Tom Watson, Herman Talmadge, and Eugene Talmadge, relations that gave rise to new songs like "Tom Watson Special".][ Carson and his daughter Rosa Lee began a series of performances for different political campaigns: for the Tom Watson U.S. Senate Campaign in 1920, for all of the Gene Talmadge campaigns, and for the Herman Talmadge for governor campaign.][ On September 9, 1922, Carson made his radio debut at the '' Atlanta Journals radio station WSB in Atlanta,][ It was reported by the ''Atlanta Journal'' that Carson's fame quickly spread all over the United States following his broadcast at WSB.][Miller 1996, p. 71.]
Career and aftermath
In early June 1923, Polk C. Brockman, an Atlanta
Atlanta ( ) is the capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Georgia. It is the seat of Fulton County, the most populous county in Georgia, but its territory falls in both Fulton and DeKalb counties. With a population of 498,7 ...
furniture store owner, who had been instrumental in the distribution of records for Okeh Records, went to New York City to work out a new business deal with Okeh Records.[Wolfe 2001, p. 64.][Malone, McCulloh 1975, p. 18.] Later, in New York, he was asked if he knew of any artist in Atlanta that could justify a recording trip to Georgia. Brockman promised to return with an answer. A few days later, he was watching a movie followed by a silent newsreel at the Palace Theater in Times Square. The newsreel contained footage of Fiddlin' John Carson from an old time fiddler's contest in Virginia
Virginia, officially the Commonwealth of Virginia, is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern regions of the United States, between the Atlantic Coast and the Appalachian Mountains. The geography and climate of the Commonwealth are ...
. Brockman wrote in his notebook: "Record Fiddlin' John Carson".[ At his next meeting with Okeh Records Board, he persuaded Ralph Peer to go ahead and record Carson.][Miller 1996, p. 72.]
On June 19, 1923, Carson made his recording debut in an empty building on Nassau Street in Atlanta, cutting two sides, " The Little Old Log Cabin in the Lane" and "The Old Hen Cackled and the Rooster's Going To Crow." Brockman told researchers in the 1960s that Peer had disliked the singing style of Carson and described it "pluperfect awful", but Peer was persuaded by Brockman to press five hundred for him to distribute.[Wolfe 2001, p. 67.] (Peer's biographer, Barry Mazor, argues that Peer's dissatisfaction concerned the technical quality of the recording, rather than the music, and that Peer was keen to make more recordings of Carson in New York.) The recording was immediately sold out from the stage of the next Fiddler's convention on July 13, 1923.[ Peer, realizing Carson's potential, immediately invited Carson to New York City for another recording session.][ His recordings of " You Will Never Miss Your Mother Until She Is Gone" and " Old Joe Clark" both sold over one million copies.
Fiddlin' John Carson ceased recording temporarily in 1931 but resumed in 1934, now for the Victor label. Between 1923 and 1931, Carson recorded almost 150 songs, mostly together with the "Virginia Reelers" or his daughter Rosa Lee Carson, who performed with him as " Moonshine Kate".][Malone, McCulloh 1975, p. 19.] Carson's final recordings were done in Camden, New Jersey for the Bluebird Record Label. In 1935, Carson made a trip to Hollywood as movie producers were eyeing him as their next big movie star. Along with Rosa Lee, he was to appear in a film called “The Mountain Stillers”, though this never came to pass. He wrote more than 150 songs in his life, but only nine were ever copyrighted.[ Because Carson couldn't read sheet music, he had his songs transferred to standard notation by the stepdaughter of preacher Andrew Jenkins, Irene Spain.][Peterson 1997, p. 23.] Carson was involved in several copyright issues with both Okeh Records and other musicians during his active career.[
In his later years, he worked for the local government as an elevator operator in Atlanta, a job he had obtained through his friendship with governor Herman Talmadge.][Russell 2007, p. 7.] He died in 1949 in Atlanta
Atlanta ( ) is the capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Georgia. It is the seat of Fulton County, the most populous county in Georgia, but its territory falls in both Fulton and DeKalb counties. With a population of 498,7 ...
, Georgia, holding his fiddle in his arms, and is buried in Sylvester Cemetery in the East Atlanta
East Atlanta is a neighborhood on the east side of Atlanta, Georgia, United States The name East Atlanta Village primarily refers to the neighborhood's commercial district.
Geography
East Atlanta lies entirely within DeKalb County and is boun ...
neighborhood of Atlanta, where surviving friends and family play music at his grave each year around the anniversary of his birth.
Views on race and evolution
Carson made a pun relating to the KKK
The Ku Klux Klan (), commonly shortened to the KKK or the Klan, is an American white supremacist, right-wing terrorist, and hate group whose primary targets are African Americans, Jews, Latinos, Asian Americans, Native Americans, and Cath ...
in "There Ain't no bugs on me ("The night was dark and driz'ly an' the air was full of sleet/m' ol' man join'd the Klu Klux an' ma she lost 'er sheet"), and was a regular at Ku Klux Klan rallies. His "Ballad of Little Mary Phagan" helped to exacerbate the anti-semitism that was a major factor in the lynching of Mary's murderer, Leo Frank.
Carson made light of the evolution controversy in "There Ain't No Bugs on Me" when he said: "monkeys swing by the end o' thar tail an' jump from tree to tree thar may be monkey in some o' you guys, but thar ain't no monkey in me".
See also
Footnotes
References
* Daniel, Wayne W. (2001) ''Pickin' on Peachtree: A History of Country Music in Atlanta, Georgia'', University of Illinois Press
* Goodson, Steve (2007) ''Highbrows, Hillbillies and Hellfire: Public Entertainment in Atlanta, 1880–1930'', University of Georgia Press
*
* Malone, Bill C. - McCulloh, Judith (1975) ''Stars of Country Music: Uncle Dave Macon to Johnny Rodriguez'', University of Illinois Press
*
* Miller, Zell (1996) ''They Heard Georgia Singing'', Mercer University Press
* Peterson, Richard A. (1997) ''Creating Country Music: Fabricating Authenticity'', University of Chicago Press
* Russell, Tony (2007) ''Country Music Originals: The Legends and the Lost'', Oxford University Press US
* Russell, Tony – Pinson, Bob (2004) ''Country Music Records: A Discography, 1921–1942'', Country Music Hall of Fame & Museum
* Wolfe, Charles K. (2001) ''Classic Country: Legends of Country Music'', Routledge
External links
Biography
From the Georgia Encyclopedia site
*Allmusic
AllMusic (previously known as All Music Guide and AMG) is an American online database, online music database. It catalogs more than three million album entries and 30 million tracks, as well as information on Musical artist, musicians and Music ...
br>Find-A-Grave
Fiddlin' John Carson recordings
at the Discography of American Historical Recordings.
{{DEFAULTSORT:Carson, Fiddlin John
1868 births
1949 deaths
American fiddlers
Appalachian old-time fiddlers
Southern old-time fiddlers
People from Fannin County, Georgia
American male singer-songwriters
Musicians from Appalachia
Singer-songwriters from Georgia (U.S. state)