Ferghana

Fergana ( uz, Fargʻona/Фарғона, ), or Ferghana, is a district-level city and the capital of Fergana Region in eastern Uzbekistan. Fergana is about 420 km east of Tashkent, about 75 km west of Andijan, and less than 20 km from the Kyrgyzstan border.

While the area has been populated for thousands of years, the modern city was founded in 1876.

History

Fergana first appears in written records in the 5th-century. However, archeological evidence demonstrates that the city had been populated since the Chalcolithic period. Like many other Central Asian places in the 6th and 7th-centuries, Fergana was ruled by the Western Turkic Khaganate. Although it was still predominantly inhabited by eastern Iranians, many Turks had also started to settle there. The city of Fergana was refounded in 1876 as a garrison town and colonial appendage to Margelan ( to the northwest) by the Russian Empire. It was initially named New Margelan (Новый Маргелан), then renamed Skobelev (Скобелев) in 1907 after the first Russian military governor of Fergana Valley. In 1924, after the Bolshevik reconquest of the region from basmachi rebels, the name was changed to Fergana, after the province of which it was the centre.

The industrial base of Fergana was developed in the 20th century. Industry in the city included textile manufacturing and a nitric fertiliser plant. Some of the industrial development was a result of Evacuation in the Soviet Union during World War II.

Fergana has been a center for oil production in the Fergana Valley since the region's first oil refinery was built near the city in 1908. Since then, more refineries have been added, and Fergana is one of the most important centers of oil refining in Uzbekistan. Natural gas from western Uzbekistan is transported by pipeline to the valley, where it is used to manufacture fertilizer. The Great Fergana Canal, built almost entirely by hand during the 1930s, passes through the northern part of the city and was completed in 1939. During its construction, the canal and the city were widely photographed by the noted photographer Max Penson. With a western loan Fergana is able to modernize its refinery and also reduce air pollution emissions.

Climate

Fergana has a cool arid climate (Köppen ''BWk''). Winters are cold and short, with a daily average low temperature of and a daily average high of in January; summers are hot, with an average low temperature of and an average high of in July. Annual precipitation is less than , and most of this falls in winter and spring.

Demographics

The population of Fergana city was approximately 299,200 as of 2022. Tajiks and Uzbeks are the largest ethnic groups, with Russian-speakers comprising about 25% of the city's population.

Culture

Architecture

Fergana has a high proportion of Russian, Soviet Koreans and Tatar inhabitants compared to other Fergana Valley cities. With its wide, tree-lined boulevards and Tsarist-era buildings, and Russian spoken frequently on the streets, the city has a distinctly different feel from the rest of the region.

File:Church of St. Sergiuy Radonezhkogo in Fergana 02-01.jpg, Temple
File:Chapel of Alexander Nevskogo 01-03.JPG, Chapel
File:Аллея в центре.jpg, City center
File:Фергана 2013.jpg, River

Main sights

* Museum of Local Studies – with displays of natural history, photographs, and local handicrafts
* Regional Theatre – in 1877 the house of General Mikhail “Old Bloody Eyes” Skobelev
*Fergana State University - built in 1902

Notable residents

* Shamshad Abdullaev – author, poet
* Anastasiya Miroshnichenko – artistic gymnast
* Xudoyberdi To'xtaboyev – author

Sports clubs

* FC Neftchi Fergana
* FK Istiqlol Fergana

See also

* Babur
* FK Neftchy Fargʻona
* Nurkhon Yuldasheva

References

* Hill, John E. (2009) ''Through the Jade Gate to Rome: A Study of the Silk Routes during the Later Han Dynasty, 1st to 2nd Centuries CE''. John E. Hill. BookSurge, Charleston, South Carolina. .
* Watson, Burton. Trans. 1993. ''Records of the Grand Historian of China: Han Dynasty II.'' Translated from the ''Shiji'' of Sima Qian. Chapter 123: "The Account of Dayuan