Jean Daniel François Schrader (January 11, 1844 – October 18, 1924), better known as Franz Schrader, was a French

mountaineer Mountaineering, mountain climbing, or alpinism is a set of outdoor activities that involves ascending mountains. Mountaineering-related activities include traditional outdoor climbing, skiing, and traversing via ferratas that have become sports ...

geographer A geographer is a physical scientist, social scientist or humanist whose area of study is geography, the study of Earth's natural environment and human society, including how society and nature interacts. The Greek prefix "geo" means "earth" a ...

cartographer Cartography (; from , 'papyrus, sheet of paper, map'; and , 'write') is the study and practice of making and using maps. Combining science, aesthetics and technique, cartography builds on the premise that reality (or an imagined reality) can ...

and

landscape painter Landscape painting, also known as landscape art, is the depiction in painting of natural scenery such as mountains, valleys, rivers, trees, and forests, especially where the main subject is a wide view—with its elements arranged into a cohe ...

, born in

Bordeaux Bordeaux ( ; ; Gascon language, Gascon ; ) is a city on the river Garonne in the Gironde Departments of France, department, southwestern France. A port city, it is the capital of the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region, as well as the Prefectures in F ...

. He made an important contribution to the mapping of the

Pyrenees The Pyrenees are a mountain range straddling the border of France and Spain. They extend nearly from their union with the Cantabrian Mountains to Cap de Creus on the Mediterranean coast, reaching a maximum elevation of at the peak of Aneto. ...

and was highly considered among the pyreneists.

Biography

The son of Prussian Ferdinand Schrader from

Magdeburg Magdeburg (; ) is the Capital city, capital of the Germany, German States of Germany, state Saxony-Anhalt. The city is on the Elbe river. Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor, Otto I, the first Holy Roman Emperor and founder of the Archbishopric of Mag ...

, who emigrated to Bordeaux, and of Marie-Louise Ducos, Schrader was from a family of

Nérac Nérac (; , ) is a Communes of France, commune in the Lot-et-Garonne Departments of France, department, Southwestern France. The composer and organist Louis Raffy was born in Nérac, as was the former Arsenal F.C., Arsenal and FC Girondins de Bo ...

and the cousin of geographers Élisée and

Onésime Reclus Onésime Reclus (22 September 1837 – 30 June 1916) was a French geographer who specialized in the relations between France and its colonies. In 1880 he coined the term "Francophonie" as a means of classification of peoples of the world, being ...

. He showed a talent for drawing from an early age. But his strict father, denying him the opportunity of higher education, placed him as a pen pusher at a tax gatherer. Franz then found another job in a trading house run by one of his father's friends, a situation where he could devote more time to broadening his literary and scientific knowledge. Hélène Saule-Sorbé, Michel Rodes, Guy Auriol
Franz Schrader (1844–1924) : un pyrénéiste d'exception
on ''web.univ-pau.fr'', University of Pau. In 1866, while staying with his friend Léonce Lourde-Rocheblave in Pau, he had a sort of revelation at the ''spectacle grandiose de la barrière montagneuse'' of the Pyrenees. His vocation strengthened when reading stories by Ramond de Carbonnières (1755–1827) (''Les Voyages au Mont-Perdu'' – ''Travels to

Monte Perdido Monte Perdido (in Spanish; Mont Perdu in French; Mont Perdito in Aragonese; all three meaning ''lost mountain'') is the third highest mountain in the Pyrenees. The summit of Monte Perdido (3355 m), located in Spain, lies hidden from France ...

'') and by Henry Russell (1834–1909) (''Les Grandes Ascensions des Pyrénées, guide d'une mer à l'autre'' – ''Great ascents of the Pyrenees, a guide from one sea to the other''). While devoting the main part of his leisure to long hikes in the mountains, during which he gathered thousands of observations for his

topographical Topography is the study of the forms and features of land surfaces. The topography of an area may refer to the landforms and features themselves, or a description or depiction in maps. Topography is a field of geoscience and planetary scienc ...

records, he still found time to paint numerous panoramas of the Pyrenees as well as the

Alps The Alps () are some of the highest and most extensive mountain ranges in Europe, stretching approximately across eight Alpine countries (from west to east): Monaco, France, Switzerland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Germany, Austria and Slovenia. ...

which he also studied, Hélène Saule-Sorbé, Michel Rodes, Guy Auriol
Franz Schrader : Un artiste en osmose avec la peinture de son temps
(''An artist in touch with the painting style of his period'') on ''web.univ-pau.fr'', University of Pau. and to acquire a solid formation in topography. Hélène Saule-Sorbé, Michel Rodes, Guy Auriol

(''Pyrenees lover and ingenious cartographer'') on ''web.univ-pau.fr'', University of Pau.Franz Schrader
on ''korpa.fr''. While Schrader scoured the Pyrenees with his friend Lourde-Rocheblave, he also acquired a strong background in cartography with the aim of applying it to a large scale map of the nearby Pyrenees. To facilitate topographical work in rugged terrain, he developed the orograph in 1873. His first great cartographic work, in 1874, was the map of the massif of

Gavarnie Gavarnie (; ) is a former commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department, Southwestern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Gavarnie-Gèdre.Mont-Perdu at a scale of 1:40 000, for which he collected the measurements with the participation of Lourde-Rocheblave from nearby Pau. That map triggered such a sensation that it was included in the annual ''Mémoires'' of the Société des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles of Bordeaux with an explanatory text the following year. The

Club alpin français Club may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media * ''Club'' (magazine) * Club, a '' Yie Ar Kung-Fu'' character * Clubs (suit), a suit of playing cards * Club music * "Club", by Kelsea Ballerini from the album ''kelsea'' Brands and enterprises ...

directory followed with the publication of an enthusiastic review, describing Schrader as qualified for "first rank topographer in a glorious master stroke". In 1876 he took part in the creation of the Bordeaux section of the

Club Alpin Français Club may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media * ''Club'' (magazine) * Club, a '' Yie Ar Kung-Fu'' character * Clubs (suit), a suit of playing cards * Club music * "Club", by Kelsea Ballerini from the album ''kelsea'' Brands and enterprises ...

, becoming its first president. In 1877 he traveled to Paris with a recommendation from his cousins Élisée and

. There, having met Émile Templier, nephew and collaborator of

Louis Hachette Louis Christophe François Hachette (; 5 May 1800 – 31 July 1864) was a French publisher who established a Paris publishing house designed to produce books and other material to improve the system of school instruction. Publications were initia ...

, and

Adolphe Joanne Adolphe Joanne (born ''Adolphe-Laurent Joanne''; 15 September 1813 in Dijon, France – 1 March 1881 in Paris) was a French geographical writer and author of travel books. Work In 1836 Joanne was a lawyer in Paris but he soon turned to journ ...

, president of the Parisian section of the

, he was employed as a geographer by Librairie Hachette and was able to practice his passion in the scope of his profession. He also gave geography lessons at the School of Anthropology, and became editor of the French Alpine Club directory. On August 11, 1878, accompanied by high-mountain guide Henri Passet, he carried out the first known ascension of the ''Grand Batchimale'' (3,176 m), consequently renamed

pic Schrader The Pic Schrader or Grand Batchimale is a central Pyrenean summit, culminating at , located for the most part in Spain Spain, or the Kingdom of Spain, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe with territories in North A ...

. In 1880, he was promoted director of cartography for Hachette and aimed at surpassing in quality the ''Stieler Atlas'', by German Adolf Stieler. On November 25, 1897, as vice-president of the C.A.F. he convened a conference at the Club Alpin which constituted his true esthetic credo of the mountain and in which he announced the imminent foundation of a French school of mountain painting. The conference text title was : ''À quoi tient la beauté des montagnes'' (''What makes the beauty of mountains''); this speech is considered as the birth bulletin of la Société des peintres de montagneSociété des peintres de montagne
(Paris) and its text is reproduced in 1898 in the Club Alpin Français directory. From 1901 to 1904, he presided over le Club Alpin Français. He also actively contributed to the

Guides Joanne ''Guides Joanne'' (est. 1841) was a series of French-language travel guide books to Europe founded by Adolphe Joanne and published in Paris. Routes followed the railways at first, and later volumes guided readers by province. __NOTOC__ Titles * ...

of the Librairie Hachette, which in 1919 became the Guides bleus. The scientific commission created by Franz Schrader in the Club Alpin Français still exists today, as well as the Société des Peintres de Montagne. He died in Paris in 1924. In 1927 his remains were transferred to a tomb on a slope of the

cirque de Gavarnie __NOTOC__ The Cirque de Gavarnie () is a cirque in the central Pyrenees, in Southwestern France, close to the border of Spain. It is within the commune of Gavarnie, the department of Hautes-Pyrénées, and the Pyrénées National Park. Major ...

The orograph

Named from the

ancient Greek Ancient Greek (, ; ) includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the classical antiquity, ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into the following periods: Mycenaean Greek (), Greek ...

word for "mountain", and '' -graph'', the orograph was developed at the turn of the 1870s. It was designed to take precise measurements of mountains. One of its characteristics is its ease of transport: it is small enough to be carried while scrambling in the mountains. It is equipped with a sort of telescope that the operator moves along the relief, linked to a rule carrying a pen. The pen draws onto a paper disk that registers the lines on which the telescope is aimed. It thus creates an instant graph of said relief.

Œuvres

Atlas

* ''Atlas de géographie universelle'' (continuation de l'œuvre de Vivien de Saint-Martin * 1890 : ''Atlas de géographie moderne'' (directeur de la cartographie) * 1893 : ''Atlas de géographie historique (id.) * de 1891 à 1914 : ''l'Année cartographique'' (id.) * Franz Schrader et

Louis Gallouédec Louis Gallouédec (17 February 1864 – 23 January 1937) was a French geographer A geographer is a physical scientist, social scientist or humanist whose area of study is geography, the study of Earth's natural environment and human society ...

, ''Atlas classique de géographie ancienne et moderne'', Paris : Hachette, 1905. 96 cartes et index de 13 pages. * 1923 : ''Atlas universel de géographie''

Topography

* 1874 : map of the massif Gavarnie - Mont Perdu, à 1/40 000 (avec Lourde-Rocheblave). * 1886–1891 : map of the whole Pyrénées, topographique et géologique, à 1/80 000. * 1882–1892 : map of central Pyrénées at 1/100 000.carte des Pyrénées centrales à 1/100 000
/ref> * 1914 : carte de Gavarnie - Mont Perdu, à 1/20 000.

Paintings

* ''le

Cirque de Gavarnie __NOTOC__ The Cirque de Gavarnie () is a cirque in the central Pyrenees, in Southwestern France, close to the border of Spain. It is within the commune of Gavarnie, the department of Hautes-Pyrénées, and the Pyrénées National Park. Major ...

'' * ''la Grande Cascade de Gavarnie'' * ''le Lac Glacé du Mont-Perdu'' * ''le Massif de la Maladetta'' * ''Panorama du mont Blanc'' (presented at the pavillon du Club alpin français, during l' Exposition universelle of 1900) * ''le Pic du Midi d'Ossau'' * ''le Vignemale'' Non-comprehensive list (several hundreds of landscape paintings)

Geography lessons

In collaboration with Henri Lemonnier : * ''Éléments de géographie, rédigés suivant les programmes de l'enseignement primaire. Cours élémentaire'', Paris : Hachette, 1881 * ''Éléments de géographie, rédigés suivant les programmes de l'enseignement primaire. Cours moyen'', Paris : Hachette, 1883 * ''Éléments de géographie, rédigés suivant les programmes de l'enseignement primaire. Cours supérieur'', Paris : Hachette, 1883 In collaboration with

: * High number of geography school manuels (secondary), Paris, Hachette, collection "Schrader et Gallouédec"

Other

* ''Études géographiques et excursions dans le massif du Mont-Perdu'', Paris : Gauthier-Villars, 1875 * Franz Schrader, Xavier Blanc et E. Levasseur, ''Adolphe Joanne, 1813–1881'', Paris, impr. de G. Chamerot, s. d., 24 p. * ''Le Facteur planétaire de l'évolution humaine'', Paris : V. Giard et E. Brière, 1902, 15 pages * ''Pyrénées. Tome I : Courses et ascensions'', Toulouse : É. Privat, 1936. With foreword, by Dr Georges Sabatier, and ''Franz Schrader, esquisse biographique'', by Maurice Heïd * ''Pyrénées. Tome II : Science et art'', Paris : Éd. Didier, 1936. Suivi d''Essai de biblio-iconographie'', par Maurice Heïd

Honours

* 1889 : chevalier de la

Légion d'honneur The National Order of the Legion of Honour ( ), formerly the Imperial Order of the Legion of Honour (), is the highest and most prestigious French national order of merit, both military and Civil society, civil. Currently consisting of five cl ...

* 1928 : grande médaille d'or de la Société géographique de Paris (à titre posthume)

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Schrader, Franz 1844 births 1924 deaths Scientists from Bordeaux French people of German descent French mountain climbers French geographers French cartographers 19th-century French cartographers 19th-century French painters French male painters 20th-century French painters 20th-century French male artists Knights of the Legion of Honour Sportspeople from Bordeaux Painters from Bordeaux 19th-century French male artists