''Floruit'' (; abbreviated fl. or occasionally flor.; from
Latin for "they flourished") denotes a date or period during which a person was known to have been alive or active.
In English, the unabbreviated word may also be used as a
noun indicating the time when someone flourished.
Etymology and use
la, flōruit is the third-person singular perfect active indicative of the Latin verb ', ' "to bloom, flower, or flourish", from the noun ', ', "flower".
Broadly, the term is employed in reference to the peak of activity for a person or movement. More specifically, it often is used in
genealogy and historical writing when a person's birth or death dates are unknown, but some other evidence exists that indicates when they were alive.
For example, if there are
will
Will may refer to:
Common meanings
* Will and testament, instructions for the disposition of one's property after death
* Will (philosophy), or willpower
* Will (sociology)
* Will, volition (psychology)
* Will, a modal verb - see Shall and will
...
s
attested by John Jones in 1204, and 1229, and a record of his marriage in 1197, a record concerning him might be written as "John Jones (fl. 1197–1229)".
The term is often used in
art history
Art history is the study of aesthetic objects and visual expression in historical and stylistic context. Traditionally, the discipline of art history emphasized painting, drawing, sculpture, architecture, ceramics and decorative arts; yet today, ...
when dating the career of an artist. In this context, it denotes the period of the individual's artistic activity.
In some cases, it can be replaced by the words "active between and ", depending on context and if space or style permits.
See also
*
Reign (r., Latin ')
* ''
Tempore
''Tempore'' (abbreviated to temp.) in historical literature, denotes a period during which a person whose exact lifespan is unknown, was known to have been alive or active, or some other date which is not exactly known, usually given as the rei ...
'' (''temp.'')
*
Family tree
*
Circa
Circa is a word of Latin origin meaning 'approximately'.
Circa or CIRCA may also refer to:
* CIRCA (art platform), art platform based in London
* Circa (band), a progressive rock supergroup
* Circa (company), an American skateboard footwear compan ...
References
{{Chronology
Latin words and phrases
Verbs