Flatidae are a family of fulgoroid

planthopper A planthopper is any insect in the infraorder Fulgoromorpha, in the suborder Auchenorrhyncha, a group exceeding 12,500 described species worldwide. The name comes from their remarkable resemblance to leaves and other plants of their environment ...

s. They are

cosmopolitan Cosmopolitan may refer to: Internationalism * World citizen, one who eschews traditional geopolitical divisions derived from national citizenship * Cosmopolitanism, the idea that all of humanity belongs to a single moral community * Cosmopolitan ...

in distribution and are distinguished from others in the superfamily by a combination of characters. Like all other planthoppers, they suck

phloem Phloem (, ) is the living tissue in vascular plants that transports the soluble organic compounds made during photosynthesis and known as ''photosynthates'', in particular the sugar sucrose, to the rest of the plant. This transport process is ...

sap of plants. Some species are known to communicate with vibrations through the plant stems. Communication may be with mates, or with ants that tend the nymphs, protecting them and gathering honeydew secretions. Adults of some species have brightly coloured forewings which are tougher and known as

tegmina A tegmen (: tegmina) designates the modified leathery front wing on an insect particularly in the orders Dermaptera (earwigs), Orthoptera (grasshoppers, crickets and similar families), Mantodea (praying mantis), Phasmatodea (stick and leaf insec ...

unlike the membranous hindwings which are used for flight. Although a few can be identified by their coloration, most species requires dissection and examination under a microscope with access to literature on already described species. There are two subfamilies within the family. In the subfamily

Flatinae The Flatinae are a subfamily of planthoppers, erected by Maximilian Spinola in 1839. Genera have been recorded from all continents except Antarctica: especially in tropical and subtropical regions. Description Like all other planthoppers, they s ...

, the body of adults is flattened laterally and the tegmina are tent-like. In the

Flatoidinae Flatidae are a family of fulgoroid planthoppers. They are Cosmopolitan distribution, cosmopolitan in distribution and are distinguished from others in the superfamily by a combination of characters. Like all other planthoppers, they suck phloe ...

, the body is not laterally compressed and the tegmina are not as tent-like and sometimes held horizontally. The wing venation is distinctive in that the veins in the anal region are nodose, and the costal area has numerous cross veins. The antennae are small and the first segment is collar-like and small. The second segment is longer and ends in a bulge and a flagellum arises from it. They have two

ocelli A simple eye or ocellus (sometimes called a pigment pit) is a form of eye or an optical arrangement which has a single lens without the sort of elaborate retina that occurs in most vertebrates. These eyes are called "simple" to distinguish the ...

. Nymphs have a tail of waxy filaments.

Subfamilies and genera

Genera within the family Flatidae include:

Flatinae The Flatinae are a subfamily of planthoppers, erected by Maximilian Spinola in 1839. Genera have been recorded from all continents except Antarctica: especially in tropical and subtropical regions. Description Like all other planthoppers, they s ...

Auth.: Spinola, 1839; selected genera: ;tribe

Ceryniini The Flatinae are a subfamily of planthoppers, erected by Maximilian Spinola in 1839. Genera have been recorded from all continents except Antarctica: especially in tropical and subtropical regions. Description Like all other planthoppers, they s ...

Distant, 1906 * '' Adelidoria'' Metcalf, 1952 * '' Adexia'' Melichar, 1901 * ''

Bythopsyrna ''Bythopsyrna'' is a genus of Asian planthoppers belonging to the family Flatidae Flatidae are a family of fulgoroid planthoppers. They are Cosmopolitan distribution, cosmopolitan in distribution and are distinguished from others in the sup ...

'' Melichar, 1901 * '' Cerynia'' Stål, 1862 ;tribe Flatini Spinola, 1839 * subtribe Flatina Spinola, 1839 ** ''

Flata ''Flata'' is the type genus of planthoppers in the family Flatidae and tribe Flatini (subtribe Flatina), erected by Johan Christian Fabricius in 1798. Species are recorded from subtropical and tropical Asia including India, China, Indochina and ...

'' Fabricius, 1798 ** '' Flatomorpha'' Melichar, 1901 * subtribe Lawanina Melichar, 1923 ** '' Cromna'' Walker, 1857 ** ''

Lawana ''Lawana''Distant WL (1906) The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. 3: 503 pp. Lt. Col. CT Birgham 20 is a genus of planthoppers in the family Flatidae, erected by William Lucas Distant in 1906. In 1923, Leopold Melichar confirm ...

'' Distant, 1906 ** ''

Oryxa ''Oryxa'' is a genus of planthoppers in the hemipteran family Flatidae. They live on the islands of Borneo and Sumatra, and in Malaysia. The genus was established in 1902 by Leopold Melichar in his monograph of the families Acanaloniidae and Fla ...

'' Melichar, 1901 * subtribe Phyllyphantina Melichar, 1923 ** ''

Paracromna ''Paracromna'' is a genus of planthoppers in the family Flatidae. It was first described by Leopold Melichar Leopold Melichar (5 December 1856 – 2 September 1924) was a Moravian entomologist and physician who specialized in the taxonomy of th ...

'' Melichar, 1901 ** '' Phyllyphanta'' Amyot & Audinet-Serville, 1843 * subtribe Scarpantina Melichar, 1923 ** '' Scarpanta'' Stål, 1862 ** '' Scarpantina'' Melichar, 1901 * subtribe Siphantina Melichar, 1923 ** '' Siphanta'' Stål, 1862 ;tribe Nephesini Distant, 1906 * subtribe Cryptoflatina Melichar, 1923 ** '' Cryptoflata'' Melichar, 1901 ** ''

Geisha {{Culture of Japan, Traditions, Geisha {{nihongo, Geisha{{efn, {{IPAc-en, lang, ˈ, ɡ, eɪ, ., ʃ, ə, {{IPA, ja, ɡei.ɕa, ɡeː-, lang{{cite book, script-title=ja:NHK日本語発音アクセント新辞典, publisher=NHK Publishing, editor= ...

'' Kirkaldy, 1900 ** '' Metcalfa'' Caldwell & Martorell, 1951 ** '' Ormenaria'' Metcalf & Bruner, 1948 ** '' Ormenoides'' Melichar, 1923 * subtribe Nephesina Distant, 1906 ** '' Neomelicharia'' Kirkaldy, 1903 ** '' Nephesa'' Amyot & Audinet-Serville, 1843 * subtribe Phaedolina Melichar, 1923 ** '' Phaedolus'' Karsch, 1890 * subtribe Pseudoflatina Melichar, 1923 ** ''

Caesonia Milonia Caesonia (died AD 41) was Roman empress as the fourth and last wife of the Roman emperor Caligula from their marriage in AD 39 until they were both assassinated in 41. Life Early life The daughter of Vistilia, Milonia was born toward ...

'' Stål, 1866 ** '' Colgar'' Kirkaldy, 1900 ** '' Colgaroides'' Distant, 1910 - Planthoppers ** '' Dalapax'' Amyot & Audinet-Serville, 1843 ** '' Gyaria'' Stål, 1862 ** '' Gyariella'' Schmidt, 1924 ** '' Pauliana'' Lallemand, 1950 ** '' Rhinophantia'' Melichar, 1901 ;tribe Phantiini Melichar, 1923 * '' Mesophantia'' Melichar, 1901 * '' Microflata'' Melichar, 1901 * '' Phantia'' Fieber, 1866 ;tribe Phromniini Distant, 1906 * '' Dermoflata'' Melichar, 1901 * '' Flatida'' White, 1846 (= ''Phromnia'' Stål, 1862) * '' Flatina'' Melichar, 1901 * '' Flatosoma'' Melichar, 1901 * '' Paraflata'' Melichar, 1901 * '' Poeciloflata'' Melichar, 1901 ;tribe Poekillopterini Kirkaldy, 1907 * '' Poekilloptera'' Latreille, 1796 ;tribe Selizini Distant, 1906 * '' Jamella'' Kirkaldy, 1906 (''J. australiae'', or pandanus planthopper, pest to ''

Pandanus tectorius ''Pandanus tectorius'' is a species of ''Pandanus'' (screwpine) that is native to Malesia, Papuasia, eastern Australia, and the Pacific Islands. It grows in the coastal lowlands typically near the edge of the ocean. Common names in English inclu ...

'') * '' Seliza'' Stål, 1862 ;tribe Sisciini Melichar, 1923 * '' Siscia'' Stål, 1870

Flatoidinae

Auth.: Melichar, 1901 * '' Atracis'' Stål, 1866 * '' Atracodes'' Melichar, 1902 * '' Bochara'' Distant, 1906 * '' Cerfennia'' Stål, 1870 * '' Cisatra'' Melichar, 1923 * '' Dendrona'' Melichar, 1923 * '' Flataloides'' Metcalf, 1938 * '' Flatarina'' Metcalf & Bruner, 1948 * '' Flatarissa'' Metcalf & Bruner, 1948 * '' Flatoides'' Guérin-Ménéville, 1844 * '' Flatoidessa'' Melichar, 1923 * '' Flatoidinus'' Melichar, 1923 * '' Flatosaria'' Melichar, 1923 * ''

Franciscus Franciscus is a Latin given name, originally an epithet meaning "the Frank, the Frenchman". It was applied to Saint Francis of Assisi (1181/82–1226). Francis had been baptized Giovanni (John); his father was Italian and his mother Prov ...

'' Distant, 1910 * ''

Gaja Gaja () is a Sanskrit word for elephant. It is one of the significant animals finding references in Hindu scriptures, as well as Buddhist and Jainism, Jain texts. History In the context of the history of History of India, Ancient India, the earl ...

'' Distant, 1906 * '' Lichena'' Melichar, 1901 * '' Lichenopsis'' Schmidt, 1912 * '' Melichitona'' Metcalf, 1952 * '' Paraflatoides'' Melichar, 1923 * '' Phalaenomorpha'' Amyot & Audinet-Serville, 1843 * '' Porophloeus'' Melichar, 1902 * '' Pseudoflatoides'' Metcalf, 1938 * '' Uxantis'' Stål, 1870 * '' Uysanus'' Distant, 1908

''
incertae sedis or is a term used for a taxonomy (biology), taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertainty ...
''

* '' Afrexoma'' Fennah, 1976 * '' Afrophantia'' Fennah, 1958 * '' Afrormenis'' Fennah, 1958 * '' Amasha'' Medler, 1992 * '' Anatracis'' Fennah, 1958 * '' Anzora'' Medler, 1986 * '' Bahuflata'' Dlabola, 1979 * '' Betracis'' Medler, 1988 * '' Boretsis'' Medler, 1996 * '' Brysora'' Medler, 2000 * '' Budginmaya'' Fletcher & Moir, 2009 * '' Catracis'' Medler, 1988 * '' Comnar'' Medler, 1988 * '' Cromgar'' Medler, 2000 * '' Cromnella'' Fennah, 1969 * '' Cryomna'' Medler, 2000 * '' Cyclopterum'' Gnezdilov & O'Brien, 2014 * '' Demina'' Medler, 2000 * '' Desanta'' Medler, 2000 * '' Diastracis'' Medler, 1988 * '' Dixamflata'' Stroinski, Malenovský & Swierczewski, 2016 * '' Dworena'' Medler, 1986 * '' Erotana'' Medler, 2000 * '' Eugyaria'' Synave, 1962 * '' Falcophantis'' Fletcher, 1988 * '' Garanta'' Medler, 2000 * '' Humgar'' Medler, 2001 * '' Ijagar'' Medler, 2000 * '' Insulume'' Medler, 1999 * '' Karrama'' Medler, 1988 * '' Kesaflata'' Stroinski, Malenovsky & Swierczewski, 2016 * '' Kirkamflata'' Swierczewski, Malenovsky & Stroinski, 2014 * '' Lasura'' Medler, 1992 * '' Lemaria'' Medler, 1988 * '' Madoxychara'' Stroinski & Swierczewski, 2013 * '' Malleja'' Medler, 1990 * ''

Menora Menora may refer to: *Menora (dance), a Siamese folk dance *Menora (planthopper), ''Menora'' (planthopper), a flatid planthopper in family Flatidae *Menora, Western Australia, a suburb of Perth *Kfar HaOranim, an Israeli settlement in the West Bank ...

'' Medler, 1999 * '' Metcracis'' Medler, 1993 * '' Miniscia'' Medler, 1991 * '' Narowalenus'' Shakila, 1991 * '' Neocalauria'' Synave, 1957 * '' Neomistaria'' Yang & Chen, 2015 * '' Neosephena'' Medler, 2000 * '' Neovariata'' Shakila, 1984 * '' Ortracis'' Medler, 1996 * '' Paracalauria'' Synave, 1962 * '' Parasiphanta'' Fletcher, 1988 * '' Perinetella'' Synave, 1956 * '' Persepolia'' Dlabola & Safavi, 1972 * '' Peyrierasus'' Stroinski & Swierczewski, 2013 * '' Phaiophantia'' Lindberg, 1958 * '' Planata'' Medler, 1999 * '' Riodeorolix'' Lindberg, 1956 * '' Safroka'' Medler, 2001 * '' Samcerus'' Medler, 1993 * '' Saurana'' Medler, 1992 * '' Scarpuna'' Medler, 2006 * '' Shadaka'' Medler, 2000 * '' Soares'' Stroiński & Świerczewski, 2012 * '' Sogalabana'' Stroiński & Świerczewski, 2014 * '' Sosephena'' Medler, 1990 * '' Staliana'' Medler, 1988 * '' Stenume'' Medler, 1999 * '' Talopsus'' Medler, 1989 * '' Taparella'' Medler, 1989 * ''

Tisia ''Tisia'' is a monotypic genus In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group (taxon) that contains only one immediately subordinate taxon. A monotypic species is one that does not include subspecies or smaller, infraspecific taxa. In t ...

'' Dlabola, 1981 * '' Tormenis'' Medler, 1999 * '' Trisephena'' Medler, 1990 * '' Umidena'' Medler, 1992 * '' Walena'' Medler, 1999

References

External links

Pictures of Australian Flatidae genera

Illustrated overview of Fulgoroidea
* {{Authority control Auchenorrhyncha families Fulgoromorpha Taxa named by Maximilian Spinola

Subfamilies and genera

Flatinae The Flatinae are a subfamily of planthoppers, erected by Maximilian Spinola in 1839. Genera have been recorded from all continents except Antarctica: especially in tropical and subtropical regions. Description Like all other planthoppers, they s ...

Flatoidinae

''incertae sedis or is a term used for a taxonomy (biology), taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertainty ...''

References

External links

''
incertae sedis or is a term used for a taxonomy (biology), taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertainty ...
''