(spelled in modern eu, Eusko Gudarostea, lit=Basque army) was the name of the army commanded by the
Basque Government
The Basque Government ( eu, Eusko Jaurlaritza, es, Gobierno Vasco) is the governing body of the Basque Autonomous Community of Spain. The head of the Basque government is known as the ''Lehendakari''. The Lehendakari is appointed by the Basque P ...
during the
Spanish Civil War
The Spanish Civil War ( es, Guerra Civil Española)) or The Revolution ( es, La Revolución, link=no) among Nationalists, the Fourth Carlist War ( es, Cuarta Guerra Carlista, link=no) among Carlists, and The Rebellion ( es, La Rebelión, link ...
. It was formed by
Basque nationalists
Basque nationalism ( eu, eusko abertzaletasuna ; es, nacionalismo vasco; french: nationalisme basque) is a form of nationalism that asserts that Basques, an ethnic group Indigenous peoples, indigenous to the western Pyrenees, are a nation an ...
, socialists, communists, anarchists and republicans under the direction of ''
lehendakari
The President of the Basque Government ( eu, Eusko Jaurlaritzako lehendakaria, es, presidente del Gobierno Vasco), usually known in the Basque language as the Lehendakari ( eu, lehendakari, es, lendakari), is the head of government of the Basq ...
''
José Antonio Aguirre and coordinating with the
army
An army (from Old French ''armee'', itself derived from the Latin verb ''armāre'', meaning "to arm", and related to the Latin noun ''arma'', meaning "arms" or "weapons"), ground force or land force is a fighting force that fights primarily on ...
of the
Second Spanish Republic
The Spanish Republic (), commonly known as the Second Spanish Republic (), was the form of government in Spain from 1931 to 1939. The Republic was proclaimed on 14 April 1931, after the deposition of King Alfonso XIII, and was dissolved on 1 ...
. It fought the troops of
Francisco Franco during 1936 and 1937.
It surrendered to the Italian
Corpo Truppe Volontarie at
Santoña (
province of Cantabria), while the rest of the Republican army kept fighting until 1939. This event is called the
Santoña Agreement, Pact of Santoña, or Treason of Santoña by some Spanish leftists.
Gudari
The
Basque
Basque may refer to:
* Basques, an ethnic group of Spain and France
* Basque language, their language
Places
* Basque Country (greater region), the homeland of the Basque people with parts in both Spain and France
* Basque Country (autonomous co ...
word for a soldier, ''gudari'' (plural ''gudariak''), is a neologism (from ''guda'', "war", thus meaning "warrior" literally). The Standard Basque word is the Romance-derived ''soldadu''.
[Hiztegia 3000](_blank)
.
Like other
Basque nationalist neologisms (''
ikurriña'', ''
lendakari''), the meaning of ''gudari'' has been restricted to Basque concepts.
The Basque word for an army is the Romance-derived ''armada''.
The members of the Basque militant
ETA consider themselves ''gudariak'' continuing the struggle of the Civil War Basque soldiers.
This is contested by those war veterans that support the
Basque Nationalist Party (PNV),
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party
The Spanish Socialist Workers' Party ( es, Partido Socialista Obrero Español ; PSOE ) is a social-democraticThe PSOE is described as a social-democratic party by numerous sources:
*
*
*
* political party in Spain. The PSOE has been in gove ...
or
Communist Party
A communist party is a political party that seeks to realize the socio-economic goals of communism. The term ''communist party'' was popularized by the title of ''The Manifesto of the Communist Party'' (1848) by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. ...
.
The ''Gudari Eguna'' ("warrior day") is thus celebrated separately:
*by ETA supporters on 27 September, remembering the date (1975) of the
execution
Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty, is the state-sanctioned practice of deliberately killing a person as a punishment for an actual or supposed crime, usually following an authorized, rule-governed process to conclude that ...
of Jon Paredes (a.k.a. Txiki) in
Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, and
Ángel Otaegui in
Burgos
Burgos () is a city in Spain located in the autonomous community of Castile and León. It is the capital and most populated municipality of the province of Burgos.
Burgos is situated in the north of the Iberian Peninsula, on the confluence of ...
.
*by PNV supporters on 9 November since 1937.
See also
*
Basque Auxiliary Navy
*
Ertzaintza,
Ertzaina 1936
, Museo Policia Vasca the wartime police under the Basque government.
* Eusko Gudariak, the anthem of the Basque soldiers.
* Lepoan hartu, a song by Telesforo de Monzón about taking the corpse of a fellow soldier and going on.
References
External links
*
Los últimos soldados vivos del lehendakari Aguirre
', Iban Gorriti, 1 September 2019, Deia.
Basque history
Military units and formations of the Spanish Civil War
Armed Forces of the Second Spanish Republic
Armies of Spain
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