European management is defined as "

cross-cultural Cross-cultural may refer to *cross-cultural studies, a comparative tendency in various fields of cultural analysis *cross-cultural communication, a field of study that looks at how people from differing cultural backgrounds communicate *any of vari ...

, societal

management Management (or managing) is the administration of an organization, whether it is a business, a nonprofit organization, or a government body. It is the art and science of managing resources of the business. Management includes the activitie ...

based on an

interdisciplinary Interdisciplinarity or interdisciplinary studies involves the combination of multiple academic disciplines into one activity (e.g., a research project). It draws knowledge from several other fields like sociology, anthropology, psychology, ec ...

approach" and has three characteristics: # A European management approach needs to take into account the various cultures across

Europe Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a Continent#Subcontinents, subcontinent of Eurasia ...

and how they impact business practice, to pinpoint cultural commonalities and particularities in different organizational environments and management habits. # Management principles across Europe have underpinnings which are strongly societal in nature. # European managers are required to be highly adaptable due to several different legal, social, political, and economic contexts across Europe. Such adaptability is coupled with the ability to adopt an interdisciplinary approach. Often European management is contrasted to the American or

Japanese management culture Japanese management culture refers to working philosophies or methods in Japan. It included concepts and philosophies such as just in time, kaizen and total quality management. Managerial style The Japanese term "hourensou" (also rendered as " ...

. While Americans pursue risk more easily, Europeans rather pursue stability leading to less opportunities with fewer financial rewards. The European approach often is considered to be more balanced between economic efficiency and social concerns.{{Cite web, url=http://www.harzing.com/download/eurmgt.pdf, title=Markus Pudelko, Anne-Will Harzing (2007) How European is Management in Europe? An Analysis of Past, Present and Future Management Practices in Europe, European Journal of International Management.

References

Management by type European society

Further reading

References