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Ethan Zuckerman (born 1973) is an American media scholar, blogger, and
Internet activist Internet activism is the use of electronic communication technologies such as social media, e-mail, and podcasts for various forms of activism to enable faster and more effective communication by citizen movements, the delivery of particular infor ...
. He was the director of the MIT Center for Civic Media, and Associate Professor of the Practice in Media Arts and Sciences at MIT until May 2020, and the author of the 2013 book '' Rewire: Digital Cosmopolitans in the Age of Connection,'' which won the Zócalo Book Prize. In 2020, he became an associate professor of public policy, communication and information at the University of Massachusetts.


Education

Zuckerman is a graduate of
Williams College Williams College is a private liberal arts college in Williamstown, Massachusetts. It was established as a men's college in 1793 with funds from the estate of Ephraim Williams, a colonist from the Province of Massachusetts Bay who was kille ...
, where he received a
B.A. Bachelor of arts (BA or AB; from the Latin ', ', or ') is a bachelor's degree awarded for an undergraduate program in the arts, or, in some cases, other disciplines. A Bachelor of Arts degree course is generally completed in three or four yea ...
in Philosophy in 1993. He then spent a year on a
Fulbright scholarship The Fulbright Program, including the Fulbright–Hays Program, is one of several United States Cultural Exchange Programs with the goal of improving intercultural relations, cultural diplomacy, and intercultural competence between the people ...
at the University of Legon, Ghana and the
National Theatre of Ghana The National Theatre was opened in 1992 to spearhead the Theatre movement in Ghana by providing a multi-functional venue for concerts, dance, drama and musical performances, screenplays, exhibitions and special events. In Ghana, theatre as an art ...
in
Accra Accra (; tw, Nkran; dag, Ankara; gaa, Ga or ''Gaga'') is the capital and largest city of Ghana, located on the southern coast at the Gulf of Guinea, which is part of the Atlantic Ocean. As of 2021 census, the Accra Metropolitan District, , ...
, where he studied
ethnomusicology Ethnomusicology is the study of music from the cultural and social aspects of the people who make it. It encompasses distinct theoretical and methodical approaches that emphasize cultural, social, material, cognitive, biological, and other dim ...
and percussion.


Career

Zuckerman was one of the first staff members of
Tripod.com Tripod.com is a web hosting service owned by Lycos. Originally aiming its services to college students and young adults, it was one of several sites trying to build online communities during the 1990s. As such, Tripod formed part of the first wav ...
, one of the first successful "dot com" enterprises, where he worked from 1994 to 1999. There, he was in charge of the design and the implementation of the website, which at that time marketed content and services to recent college graduates. The business model of this website was exclusively based on advertising. After one of the website's major advertisers complained that one of their banner advertisements had appeared on a page that celebrated
anal sex Anal sex or anal intercourse is generally the insertion and thrusting of the erect penis into a person's anus, or anus and rectum, for sexual pleasure.Sepages 270–271for anal sex information, anpage 118for information about the clitoris. ...
, Zuckerman imagined a way to associate an ad with a user's page without putting it directly on the page. His solution was to open a new dedicated window with only the ad in it. The
pop-up ad Pop-up ads or pop-ups are forms of online advertising on the World Wide Web. A pop-up is a graphical user interface (GUI) display area, usually a small window, that suddenly appears ("pops up") in the foreground of the visual interface. The pop- ...
was born. While he claims having only written the code to open a new window, since then, he is considered as the inventor of the pop-up ad. In 2000, he founded
Geekcorps Geekcorps is a non-profit organization that sends people with technical skills to developing countries to assist in computer infrastructure development. The non-profit was created in 2000 by Ethan Zuckerman and Elisa Korentayer in North Adams, ...
and 2004, Global Voices where he sits on its board. He won the MIT Technology Review "Technology in the Service of Humanity" award in 2002 for his work on
Geekcorps Geekcorps is a non-profit organization that sends people with technical skills to developing countries to assist in computer infrastructure development. The non-profit was created in 2000 by Ethan Zuckerman and Elisa Korentayer in North Adams, ...
. Zuckerman has been a senior researcher at the
Berkman Center for Internet and Society The Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society is a research center at Harvard University that focuses on the study of cyberspace. Founded at Harvard Law School, the center traditionally focused on internet-related legal issues. On May 15, 2008, ...
, where he is also a long-time fellow. His work at the Berkman Center has included research int
global media attention
as well as the co-founding of Global Voices in collaboration with
Rebecca MacKinnon Rebecca MacKinnon (born September 16, 1969) is an author, researcher, Internet freedom advocate, and co-founder of the citizen media network Global Voices. She is notable as a former CNN journalist who headed the CNN bureaus in Beijing and later ...
. For some years he was also a contributing writer for Worldchanging.com, where he served as president of the board of directors. In January 2007, he joined the inaugural
Wikimedia Foundation The Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., or Wikimedia for short and abbreviated as WMF, is an American 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization headquartered in San Francisco, California and registered as a charitable foundation under local laws. Best know ...
Advisory Board. In 2008, he coined the cute cat theory of digital activism. In 2011, he was named by ''
Foreign Policy A state's foreign policy or external policy (as opposed to internal or domestic policy) is its objectives and activities in relation to its interactions with other states, unions, and other political entities, whether bilaterally or through ...
'' magazine to its list of top global thinkers, in which he stated the ''Best idea'' is "The world isn't flat and globalization is only beginning, which means we have time to change what we're doing and get it right". Also in September of that year, he became the director of the MIT Center for Civic Media. Zuckerman was an Open Society Global Board member, and also sits on the board of directors of
Ushahidi Ushahidi is an open source software application which utilises user-generated reports to collate and map data. It uses the concept of crowdsourcing serving as an initial model for what has been coined as "activist mapping" - the combination o ...
, Global Voices, and the Ghanaian journalism training nonprofit, PenPlusBytes. He was interviewed in the 2015 web documentary about internet privacy, ''
Do Not Track Do Not Track (DNT) is a formerly official HTTP header field, designed to allow internet users to opt-out of tracking by websites—which includes the collection of data regarding a user's activity across multiple distinct contexts, and the retent ...
''. On July 1, 2016, Zuckerman was appointed Associate Professor of the Practice in Media Arts and Sciences at MIT. In 2019, revelations of Media Lab director
Joi Ito is a Japanese entrepreneur and venture capitalist. He is a former director of the MIT Media Lab, former professor of the practice of media arts and sciences at MIT, and a former visiting professor of practice at the Harvard Law School. Ito has ...
's connections with
Jeffrey Epstein Jeffrey Edward Epstein ( ; January 20, 1953August 10, 2019) was an American sex offender and financier. Epstein, who was born and raised in Brooklyn, New York City, began his professional life by teaching at the Dalton School in Manhattan, des ...
, a convicted
sex offender A sex offender (sexual offender, sex abuser, or sexual abuser) is a person who has committed a sex crime. What constitutes a sex crime differs by culture and legal jurisdiction. The majority of convicted sex offenders have convictions for crim ...
, shed light on the extent of monetary gifts from Epstein to the Media Lab and Ito's startups outside of MIT. Zuckerman resigned from his position as director of the MIT Center for Civic Media, in protest of the Media Lab's involvement with Epstein. He joined the faculty of the University of Massachusetts at Amherst in April 2020.


Personal life

Zuckerman resides in
Lanesborough, Massachusetts Lanesborough is a town in Berkshire County, Massachusetts, United States. It is part of the Pittsfield, Massachusetts Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 3,038 at the 2020 census. History One of the first Berkshire communities to b ...
, and has a son with Rachel Barenblat. On October 7, 2022, Zuckerman married Amy Price.


Works by Zuckerman

*
Using the Internet to Examine Patterns of Foreign Coverage
" Neiman Reports, Fall 2004. * Hal Roberts, Ethan Zuckerman, and John Palfrey
2007 Circumvention Landscape Report: Methods, Uses, and Tools
Berkman Center for Internet & Society at Harvard University, 2009-03 *

" ''
Harvard Business Review ''Harvard Business Review'' (''HBR'') is a general management magazine published by Harvard Business Publishing, a wholly owned subsidiary of Harvard University. ''HBR'' is published six times a year and is headquartered in Brighton, M ...
'', 2009-01-23
"Web 2.0 tools for development: simple tools for smart people."
Participatory Learning and Action, Volume 59, Number 1, Change at hand: Web 2.0 for development, 2009–06, IIED and CTA. * "Citizen Media and the Kenyan Electoral Crisis." In: Stuart Allan. Citizen journalism: global perspectives. Peter Lang, 2009 *
Decentralizing the Mobile Phone:A Second ICT4D Revolution?
''Information Technologies & International Development'', Volume 6, SE, Special Edition 2010 * "International reporting in the age of participatory media." ''Daedalus'', Spring 2010, Vol. 139, No. 2. * "Internet Freedom: Beyond Circumvention." In: The next digital decade : essays on the future of the internet. Washington D.C. : TechFreedom, 2010. *
The First Twitter Revolution?
''
Foreign Policy A state's foreign policy or external policy (as opposed to internal or domestic policy) is its objectives and activities in relation to its interactions with other states, unions, and other political entities, whether bilaterally or through ...
'', 2011-01-14 * Hal Roberts, Ethan Zuckerman and John Palfrey
2011 Circumvention Tool Evaluation
Berkman Center, 2011 * *
Building a More Honest Internet
''
Columbia Journalism Review The ''Columbia Journalism Review'' (''CJR'') is a biannual magazine for professional journalists that has been published by the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism since 1961. Its contents include news and media industry trends, ana ...
'', Fall 2019.


See also

*
Media Cloud Media Cloud is an Open-source software, open-source content analysis tool that aims to map news media coverage of current events. It "performs five basic functions -- media definition, Web crawler, crawling, text extraction, word Array data struct ...
, co-developed by Zuckerman


References


Further reading

*


External links


My Heart's in Accra (Ethan Zuckerman's blog)

Bio - Berkman Center for Internet & Society
* *


Video (with mp3 available) of discussion about cyber-war and social media with Zuckerman
and
Evgeny Morozov Evgeny Morozov ( Russian: Eвге́ний Моро́зов; be, Яўгені Марозаў; born in 1984) is an American writer, researcher, and intellectual from Belarus who studies political and social implications of technology. He was name ...
on
Bloggingheads.tv Bloggingheads.tv (sometimes abbreviated "bhtv") is a political, world events, philosophy, and science video blog discussion site in which the participants take part in an active back and forth conversation via webcam which is then broadcast on ...
{{DEFAULTSORT:Zuckerman, Ethan Berkman Fellows American male bloggers American bloggers Citizen journalists Internet activists Williams College alumni Wikimedia Foundation Advisory Board members American human rights activists Digital divide activists MIT Media Lab people 1973 births Living people People from Lanesboro, Massachusetts