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État Pied-Noir refers to the claim made by certain
Pied-Noir The ''Pieds-Noirs'' (; ; ''Pied-Noir''), are the people of French and other European descent who were born in Algeria during the period of French rule from 1830 to 1962; the vast majority of whom departed for mainland France as soon as Alger ...
persons and organisations to
sovereignty Sovereignty is the defining authority within individual consciousness, social construct, or territory. Sovereignty entails hierarchy within the state, as well as external autonomy for states. In any state, sovereignty is assigned to the perso ...
and
nationhood A nation is a community of people formed on the basis of a combination of shared features such as language, history, ethnicity, culture and/or society. A nation is thus the collective identity of a group of people understood as defined by those ...
.


History

The Pied-Noir are a people of European-origin born in French-occupied North Africa and, in particular,
Algeria ) , image_map = Algeria (centered orthographic projection).svg , map_caption = , image_map2 = , capital = Algiers , coordinates = , largest_city = capital , relig ...
. They left en masse as French citizens following the end of the
Algerian war The Algerian War, also known as the Algerian Revolution or the Algerian War of Independence,( ar, الثورة الجزائرية '; '' ber, Tagrawla Tadzayrit''; french: Guerre d'Algérie or ') and sometimes in Algeria as the War of 1 November ...
, and settled mostly in the
south of France Southern France, also known as the South of France or colloquially in French as , is a defined geographical area consisting of the regions of France that border the Atlantic Ocean south of the Marais Poitevin,Louis Papy, ''Le midi atlantique'', ...
. Although
French citizen French nationality law is historically based on the principles of '' jus soli'' (Latin for "right of soil") and '' jus sanguinis'', according to Ernest Renan's definition, in opposition to the German definition of nationality, ''jus sanguinis'' ...
s, the Pieds-Noirs were largely descended from
Catalan Catalan may refer to: Catalonia From, or related to Catalonia: * Catalan language, a Romance language * Catalans, an ethnic group formed by the people from, or with origins in, Northern or southern Catalonia Places * 13178 Catalan, asteroid #1 ...
, Italian, and Maltese
settlers A settler is a person who has migrated to an area and established a permanent residence there, often to colonize the area. A settler who migrates to an area previously uninhabited or sparsely inhabited may be described as a pioneer. Settle ...
, as well as ethnic French. They have nevertheless remained for the most part fiercely loyal to France throughout the history of
French Algeria French Algeria (french: Alger to 1839, then afterwards; unofficially , ar, الجزائر المستعمرة), also known as Colonial Algeria, was the period of French colonisation of Algeria. French rule in the region began in 1830 with the ...
and its aftermath.


Provisional government

The ''Gouvernement provisoire Pied-Noir en exil'' was created on 1 October 2016 in
Montpellier Montpellier (, , ; oc, Montpelhièr ) is a city in southern France near the Mediterranean Sea. One of the largest urban centres in the region of Occitania, Montpellier is the prefecture of the department of Hérault. In 2018, 290,053 people l ...
by a small group of veteran Pied-Noir activists in response to what they saw as marginalization by successive French governments. A written constitution was formalised the following year in
Nice Nice ( , ; Niçard: , classical norm, or , nonstandard, ; it, Nizza ; lij, Nissa; grc, Νίκαια; la, Nicaea) is the prefecture of the Alpes-Maritimes department in France. The Nice agglomeration extends far beyond the administrative ...
. This document outlines the aims of peace and neutrality as well as the basis for Pied-Noir sovereignty as claimed in
international law International law (also known as public international law and the law of nations) is the set of rules, norms, and standards generally recognized as binding between states. It establishes normative guidelines and a common conceptual framework for ...
. The GPPNE has expressed a desire for membership of the
Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization The Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization, or simply UNPO is an international organization established to facilitate the voices of unrepresented and marginalised nations and peoples worldwide. It was formed on 11 February 1991 in The Ha ...
and even to acquire a territory in the
Mediterranean region In biogeography, the Mediterranean Basin (; also known as the Mediterranean Region or sometimes Mediterranea) is the region of lands around the Mediterranean Sea that have mostly a Mediterranean climate, with mild to cool, rainy winters and wa ...
, under the name of "the federation of the Two Shores", They dream of acquiring a separate territory, in France, Spain or Algeria, although they have made no specific territorial claims. "Yesterday, a million Pieds-Noirs became migrants. Today, through births and alliances, there are 5 million of them, Located mainly on the mediteranian coast of Algeria, but established on all the Continents and in all areas of human activity. They have become an essential force of memory and testimony". On July 4, 2016, Maître Jacques Villard wrote and signed the declaration of self-determination of the Pied-Noir People and the Pied-Noir Nation. On October 1, 2016, Maître Pierre Courbis wrote and signed the founding act of the Pied-Noir State. The objective of the Pied-Noir State, before May 13, 2022, was to sign a purchase agreement for the acquisition of a national territory northwestern shore of the Mediterranean. The Motto of the Fédération des Deux Rives, Pied Noir State, La paix pour seul combat ! directly translates into Peace for only combat!


Flag

The Dove of Peace on a blue background refers us to the motto of the State: Peace for only combat. The three colors of the French Flag recall our love of France and our attachment to La Francophonie. The Blue of the Sea evokes the support of our arrival in North Africa, our exile and our dispersion in the world. The White underlines our peaceful commitment in the world and our desire for neutrality in the conflicts of this world. The Red indelibly marks the blood shed and the blood received, the old and new generations of Pieds-Noirs. In the middle of the white, the Sun which made the Blackfoot People grow and, in the center of the sun, these Blackfoot symbols of our specificity and our unity.The Four Stars are the identification of the countries where we were born and prospered: Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia and Egypt.


See also

*
Volkstaat The concept of a Volkstaat (, "People's State"), also called a Boerestaat, is a proposed view to establish an all-white Afrikaner homeland within the borders of South Africa, most commonly proposed as a fully independent Boer/Afrikaner natio ...
*
Separatism Separatism is the advocacy of cultural, ethnic, tribal, religious, racial, governmental or gender separation from the larger group. As with secession, separatism conventionally refers to full political separation. Groups simply seeking greate ...
*
Arab-Berber Arab-Berbers ( ar, العرب والبربر ''al-ʿarab wa-l-barbar'') are a population of the Maghreb, a vast region of North Africa in the western part of the Arab world along the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. Arab-Berbers are p ...
*
Kouloughlis Kouloughlis, also spelled Koulouglis, Cologhlis and Qulaughlis (from Turkish ''Kuloğlu'' "Children of The Empire Servants" from '' Kul'' "soldier" or "servant/slave" + '' Oğlu'' "son of"), but the translation of the word "kul" as slave is mislea ...
*
Turco-Tunisians The Turks in Tunisia, also known as Turco-Tunisians. and Tunisian Turks, ( ar, أتراك تونس; french: Turcs de Tunisie; tr, Tunus Türkleri) are ethnic Turks who constitute one of the minority groups in Tunisia.. In 1534, with about 10,0 ...
*
European Tunisians European Tunisians are Tunisians whose ancestry lies within the ethnic groups of Europe, notably the French. Other communities include those from Southern Europe and Northwestern Europe. Prior to independence, there were 255,000 Europeans in Tu ...
*
Italian Tunisians Italian Tunisians (or Italians of Tunisia) are Tunisians of Italian descent. Migration and colonization, particularly during the 19th century, led to significant numbers of Italians settling in Tunisia. Italian presence in Tunisia The presenc ...
*
French people The French people (french: Français) are an ethnic group and nation primarily located in Western Europe that share a common French culture, history, and language, identified with the country of France. The French people, especially the na ...
* White Africans of European ancestry *
Processo Revolucionário Em Curso The Processo Revolucionário Em Curso (PREC) (English: ''Ongoing Revolutionary Process'') was the period during the Portuguese transition to democracy, which started after a failed right-wing coup d'état on 11 March 1975, and ended after a ...
*
List of French possessions and colonies From the 16th to the 17th centuries, the First French colonial empire stretched from a total area at its peak in 1680 to over , the second largest empire in the world at the time behind only the Spanish Empire. During the 19th and 20th centuri ...


References

{{Reflist Governments in exile 2016 establishments in France Political organizations based in France Secessionist organizations Micronations in France Pieds-Noirs