Many of New Zealand's birds are

endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found else ...

to the country, that is, they are not found in any other country. Approximately 71% of the bird species breeding in New Zealand before humans arrived are widely accepted as being endemic. There is also a smaller group of species are not fully endemic, but are breeding endemic, in that they breed only in New Zealand, but migrate or range elsewhere. Population status symbols are those of the Red List published by the

International Union for Conservation of Nature The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN; officially International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) is an international organization working in the field of nature conservation and sustainable use of nat ...

.''The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species''. Version 2017-1 . Accessed 23 May 2017 The symbols and their meanings, in increasing order of peril, are: =

least concern A least-concern species is a species that has been categorized by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as evaluated as not being a focus of species conservation because the specific species is still plentiful in the wild. T ...

near threatened A near-threatened species is a species which has been categorized as "Near Threatened" (NT) by the International Union for Conservation of Nature as that may be vulnerable to endangerment in the near future, but it does not currently qualify f ...

= vulnerable =

endangered An endangered species is a species that is very likely to become extinct in the near future, either worldwide or in a particular political jurisdiction. Endangered species may be at risk due to factors such as habitat loss, poaching and in ...

= critically endangered = extinct

Endemic Bird Areas

BirdLife International has defined the following Endemic Bird Areas (EBAs) in New Zealand: *

Auckland Islands The Auckland Islands (Māori: ''Motu Maha'' "Many islands" or ''Maungahuka'' "Snowy mountains") are an archipelago of New Zealand, lying south of the South Island. The main Auckland Island, occupying , is surrounded by smaller Adams Islan ...

Chatham Islands The Chatham Islands ( ) (Moriori: ''Rēkohu'', 'Misty Sun'; mi, Wharekauri) are an archipelago in the Pacific Ocean about east of New Zealand's South Island. They are administered as part of New Zealand. The archipelago consists of about te ...

* North Island of New Zealand * South Island of New Zealand In addition the following are classified as secondary areas: *

Antipodes Islands The Antipodes Islands ( Maōri: Moutere Mahue; "Abandoned island") are inhospitable and uninhabited volcanic islands in subantarctic waters to the south of – and territorially part of – New Zealand. The 21 km2 archipelago lies 860 ...

* Snares Islands and

Stewart Island/Rakiura Stewart Island ( mi, Rakiura, ' glowing skies', officially Stewart Island / Rakiura) is New Zealand's third-largest island, located south of the South Island, across the Foveaux Strait. It is a roughly triangular island with a total land ar ...

islets Secondary areas have at least one restricted-range bird species, but do not meet the criteria for EBAs.

List of endemic species

These species (and subspecies) are found only in New Zealand. They are listed in alphabetical order by common name, with an indicator of their

conservation status The conservation status of a group of organisms (for instance, a species) indicates whether the group still exists and how likely the group is to become extinct in the near future. Many factors are taken into account when assessing conservatio ...

* Antipodes Island parakeet, ''Cyanoramphus unicolor'' * Antipodes snipe, ''Coenocorypha aucklandica meinertzhagenae'' *

Auckland Island merganser The New Zealand merganser (''Mergus australis''), also known as Auckland merganser or Auckland Islands merganser, was a typical merganser which is now extinct. Description This duck was similar in size to the red-breasted merganser (''Mergus s ...

, ''Mergus australis'' *

Auckland Island shag The Auckland shag (''Leucocarbo colensoi'') or Auckland Islands shag is a species of cormorant from New Zealand. The species is endemic to the Auckland Islands archipelago. It is a sedentary bird that primarily eats various crustaceans and fish. ...

, ''Leucocarbo colensoi'' *

Auckland rail The Auckland rail (''Lewinia muelleri'') is a small nearly flightless rail endemic to the Auckland Islands 460 km south of New Zealand. It is somewhat of a biogeographical anomaly, being the only species in the genus '' Lewinia'' to have re ...

, ''Lewinia muelleri'' *

Auckland teal The Auckland teal (''Anas aucklandica''), also known as Auckland Islands teal or brown teal, is a species of dabbling duck of the genus ''Anas'' that is endemic to Auckland Islands south of New Zealand. The species was once found throughout the A ...

, ''Anas aucklandica'' * Bellbird (''korimako''), ''Anthornis melanura'' *

Black robin The black robin or Chatham Island robin ( Moriori: ''karure'', mi, kakaruia; ''Petroica traversi'') is an endangered bird from the Chatham Islands off the east coast of New Zealand. It is closely related to the South Island robin (''P. australi ...

, ''Petroica traversi'' * Black stilt (''kakī''), ''Himantopus novaezelandiae'' * Black-billed gull (''tarāpuka''), ''Chroicocephalus bulleri'' * Black-fronted tern (''tarapirohe''), ''Chlidonias albostriatus'' * Blue duck (''whio''), ''Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos'' * Bounty Island shag, ''Leucocarbo ranfurlyi'' * Brown creeper (''pipipi''), ''Mohoua novaeseelandiae'' * Brown teal (''pāteke''), ''Anas chlorotis'' * Bushwren (''mātuhituhi''), ''Xenicus longipes'' *

Campbell Island shag The Campbell shag (''Leucocarbo campbelli''), also known as the Campbell Island shag, is a species of bird in the family Phalacrocoracidae. It is endemic to Campbell Island. Its natural habitats are open seas and rocky shores. It is a medium-s ...

, ''Leucocarbo campbelli'' *

Campbell snipe The Campbell snipe (''Coenocorypha aucklandica perseverance''), also known as the Campbell Island snipe, is a rare subspecies of the Subantarctic snipe, endemic to Campbell Island, a subantarctic island south of New Zealand in the Southern Oce ...

, ''Coenocorypha aucklandica perseverance'' *

Campbell teal The Campbell teal or Campbell Island teal (''Anas nesiotis'') is a small, flightless, nocturnal species of dabbling duck of the genus ''Anas'' endemic to the Campbell Island group of New Zealand. It is sometimes considered conspecific with the ...

, ''Anas nesiotis'' * Chatham Island bellbird, ''Anthornis melanocephala'' * Chatham Island fernbird, ''Megalurus rufescens'' * Chatham island oystercatcher (''tōrea tai''), ''Haematopus chathamensis'' * Chatham Island pigeon (''parea''), ''Hemiphaga chathamensis'' * Chatham Island rail, ''Cabalus modestus'' * Chatham Island shag, ''Leucocarbo onslowi'' * Chatham Island snipe, ''Coenocorypha pusilla'' * Chatham Island warbler (''riroriro''), ''Gerygone albofrontata'' * Chatham parakeet (Forbes' parakeet), ''Cyanoramphus forbesi'' * Dieffenbach's rail (''moeriki''), ''Gallirallus dieffenbachii'' * Fernbird (''matata''), ''Megalurus punctatus'' * Fiordland crested penguin (''tawaki''), ''Eudyptes pachyrhynchus'' * Foveaux shag (''kawau''), ''Leucocarbo stewarti'' * Great spotted kiwi (''roa''), ''Apteryx haastii'' * Grey warbler (''riroriro''), ''Gerygone igata'' * Hawkin's rail (''mehonui''), ''Diaphorapteryx hawkinsi'' * Hodgens' waterhen, ''Gallinula hodgenorum'' *

Huia The huia ( ; ; ''Heteralocha acutirostris'') is an extinct species of New Zealand wattlebird, endemic to the North Island of New Zealand. The last confirmed sighting of a huia was in 1907, although there was a credible sighting in 1924. It ...

, ''Heteralocha acutirostris'' * Kakapo, ''Strigops habroptilus'' *

Kea The kea (; ; ''Nestor notabilis'') is a species of large parrot in the family Nestoridae found in the forested and alpine regions of the South Island of New Zealand. About long, it is mostly olive-green with a brilliant orange under its wing ...

, ''Nestor notabilis'' * King shag (''kawau''), ''Leucocarbo carunculatus'' * Laughing owl (''whēkau''), ''Sceloglaux albifacies'' * Little spotted kiwi (''kiwi pukupuku''), ''Apteryx owenii'' * Long-tailed cuckoo (''koekoea''), ''Urodynamis taitensis'' * Lyall's wren (Stephens Island wren), ''Traversia lyalli'' * Malherbe's parakeet (orange-fronted parakeet) (''kākāriki karaka''), ''Cyanoramphus malherbi'' * New Zealand bittern (''kaoriki''), ''Ixobrychus novaezelandiae'' * New Zealand dotterel (''tuturiwhatu''), ''Charadrius obscurus'' * New Zealand falcon (''kārearea''), ''Falco novaeseelandiae'' * New Zealand fantail (''pīwakawaka''), ''Rhipidura fuliginosa'' * New Zealand grebe (''weweia''), ''Poliocephalus rufopectus'' *

New Zealand kaka New is an adjective referring to something recently made, discovered, or created. New or NEW may refer to: Music * New, singer of K-pop group The Boyz Albums and EPs * ''New'' (album), by Paul McCartney, 2013 * ''New'' (EP), by Regurgitator, ...

, ''Nestor meridionalis'' * New Zealand pigeon (''kererū''), ''Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae'' * New Zealand quail (''koreke''), ''Coturnix novaezelandiae'' * New Zealand scaup (''pāpango''), ''Aythya novaeseelandiae'' *

North Island brown kiwi The North Island brown kiwi (''Apteryx mantelli''; ''Apteryx australis'' or ''Apteryx bulleri'' as before 2000, still used in some sources) is a species of kiwi that is widespread in the northern two-thirds of the North Island of New Zealand an ...

, ''Apteryx mantelli'' * North Island kōkako, ''Callaeas wilsoni'' * North Island piopio, ''Turnagra tanagra'' * North Island robin (''toutouwai''), ''Petroica longipes'' * North Island saddleback (''tīeke''), ''Philesturnus rufusater'' * North Island snipe, ''Coenocorypha barrierensis'' * North Island takahē (''mōho''), ''Porphyrio mantelli'' * Okarito brown kiwi (''rowi''), ''Apteryx rowi'' * Otago shag (''kawau''), ''Leucocarbo chalconotus'' * Paradise shelduck (''pūtangitangi''), ''Tadorna variegata'' * Pipit (''pihoihoi''), ''Anthus novaeseelandiae'' * Pitt shag, ''Phalacrocorax featherstoni'' * Red-billed gull (''tarāpunga''), ''Chroicocephalus novaehollandiae scopulinus'' * Red-fronted parakeet (''kākāriki''), ''Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae'' * Reischek's parakeet, ''Cyanoramphus hochstetteri'' * Rifleman (''titipounamu''), ''Acanthisitta chloris'' * Rock wren (''piwauwau''), ''Xenicus gilviventris'' * Shore plover (''tūturuatu''), ''Thinornis novaeseelandiae'' * Snares snipe (''tutukiwi''), ''Coenocorypha huegeli'' * South Island kōkako, ''Callaeas cinereus'' * South Island pied oystercatcher (''tōrea''), ''Haematopus finschi'' * South Island piopio, ''Turnagra capensis'' * South Island robin (''toutouwai''), ''Petroica australis'' * South Island saddleback (''tīeke''), ''Philesturnus carunculatus'' * South Island snipe (''tutukiwi''), ''Coenocorypha iredalei)'' * South Island takahē (''takahē''), ''Porphyrio hochstetteri'' * Southern brown kiwi (''tokoeka''), ''Apteryx australis'' * Spotted shag (''parekareka''), ''Phalacrocorax punctatus'' * Stitchbird (''hihi''), ''Notiomystis cincta'' *

Subantarctic snipe The Subantarctic snipe (''Coenocorypha aucklandica'') is a species of snipe endemic to New Zealand's subantarctic islands. The Maori call it "Tutukiwi". The nominate race ''C. a. aucklandica'' (Auckland snipe) is found on the Auckland Islands (e ...

, ''Coenocorypha aucklandica'' * Tomtit (''miromiro''), ''Petroica macrocephala'' * Tui, ''Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae'' * Variable oystercatcher (''tōrea tai''), ''Haematopus unicolor'' *

Weka The weka, also known as the Māori hen or woodhen (''Gallirallus australis'') is a flightless bird species of the rail family. It is endemic to New Zealand. It is the only extant member of the genus '' Gallirallus''. Four subspecies are recogni ...

, ''Gallirallus australis'' * Whitehead (''pōpokatea''), ''Mohoua albicilla'' * Wrybill (''ngutuparore''), ''Anarhynchus frontalis'' * Yellow-crowned parakeet (''kākāriki''), ''Cyanoramphus auriceps'' * Yellow-eyed penguin (''hoiho''), ''Megadyptes antipodes'' * Yellowhead (''mōhua''), ''Mohoua ochrocephala''

List of breeding-endemic species

These species breed only in New Zealand, but are found elsewhere also, so are not fully endemic. They include

seabird Seabirds (also known as marine birds) are birds that are adapted to life within the marine environment. While seabirds vary greatly in lifestyle, behaviour and physiology, they often exhibit striking convergent evolution, as the same enviro ...

s that range elsewhere and

migratory birds Bird migration is the regular seasonal movement, often north and south along a flyway, between breeding and wintering grounds. Many species of bird migrate. Migration carries high costs in predation and mortality, including from hunting by ...

070226 southern royal albatross off Kaikoura 2

Black petrel The black petrel (''Procellaria parkinsoni''), also called the Parkinson's petrel, is a medium-sized, black-plumaged petrel, the smallest of the ''Procellaria''. The species is an endemic breeder of New Zealand, breeding only on Great Barrier Is ...

, ''Procellaria parkinsoni'' * Buller's albatross, ''Thalassarche bulleri'' * Buller's shearwater, ''Ardenna bulleri'' * Chatham petrel, ''Pterodroma axillaris'' * Cook's petrel, ''Pterodroma cookii'' *

Double-banded plover The double-banded plover (''Charadrius bicinctus''), known as the banded dotterel or pohowera in New Zealand, is a species of bird in the plover family. Two subspecies are recognised: the nominate ''Charadrius bicinctus bicinctus'', which breed ...

, ''Charadrius bicinctus'' * Erect-crested penguin, ''Eudyptes sclateri'' *

Fiordland crested penguin The Fiordland penguin (''Eudyptes pachyrhynchus''), also known as the Fiordland crested penguin (in Māori, ''tawaki'' or pokotiwha), is a crested penguin species endemic to New Zealand. It currently breeds along the south-western coasts of Ne ...

, ''Eudyptes pachyrhynchus'' * Fluttering shearwater, ''Puffinus gavia'' *

Grey-faced petrel The grey-faced petrel (''Pterodroma gouldi'') is a petrel endemic to the North Island of New Zealand. In New Zealand it is also known by its Māori name and (along with other species such as the sooty shearwater) as a muttonbird. Taxonomy Th ...

, ''Pterodroma gouldi'' * Hutton's shearwater, ''Puffinus huttoni'' *

Magenta petrel The magenta petrel (''Pterodroma magentae''), or Chatham Island tāiko, is a small seabird in the gadfly petrel genus, '' Pterodroma''. Found exclusively on Chatham Island, New Zealand it is one of the rarest birds in the world, believed to be ex ...

, ''Pterodroma magentae'' * Mottled petrel, ''Pterodroma inexpectata'' *

Pacific long-tailed cuckoo The Pacific long-tailed cuckoo (''Urodynamis taitensis''), also known as the long-tailed cuckoo, long-tailed koel, sparrow hawk, home owl, screecher, screamer or in Māori, is a species of the Cuculidae bird family (the cuckoos). It is a migrat ...

, ''Urodynamis taitensis'' * Pycroft's petrel, ''Pterodroma pycrofti'' * Snares crested penguin, ''Eudyptes robustus'' * Southern royal albatross, ''Diomedea epomophora'' * Westland petrel (''tāiko''), ''Procellaria westlandica'' *

Whenua Hou diving petrel The Whenua Hou diving-petrel (''Pelecanoides georgicus whenuahouensis'') is a highly endangered subspecies of the South Georgia diving petrel that is endemic to New Zealand. The subspecies was first described by Johannes H. Fischer and collab ...

, ''Pelecanoides whenuahouensis'' *

White-necked petrel The white-necked petrel (''Pterodroma cervicalis''), also known as the white-naped petrel, is a species of seabird in the family Procellariidae. During the non-breeding season it occurs throughout a large part of the Pacific, but it is only known ...

, ''Pterodroma cervicalis'' * Yellow-eyed penguin (''hoiho''), ''Megadyptes antipodes''

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Endemic Birds Of New Zealand

New Zealand New Zealand ( mi, Aotearoa ) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island () and the South Island ()—and over 700 smaller islands. It is the sixth-largest island count ...

Lists of biota of New Zealand

Endemic Bird Areas

List of endemic species

List of breeding-endemic species

See also

References