Encirclement campaigns (), officially called in Chinese Communist historiography as the Agrarian Revolutionary War were the campaigns launched by forces of the Chinese Nationalist Government against forces of the

Chinese Communist Party The Chinese Communist Party (CCP), officially the Communist Party of China (CPC), is the founding and sole ruling party of the People's Republic of China (PRC). Under the leadership of Mao Zedong, the CCP emerged victorious in the Chinese Ci ...

during the early stage of the

Chinese Civil War The Chinese Civil War was fought between the Kuomintang-led government of the Republic of China and forces of the Chinese Communist Party, continuing intermittently since 1 August 1927 until 7 December 1949 with a Communist victory on main ...

. Formulated by German advisors Hans von Seeckt and Alexander von Falkenhausen, the campaigns were launched between the late 1920s to the mid-1930s with the goal of isolating and destroying the developing Chinese Red Army. The

Nationalist Nationalism is an idea and movement that holds that the nation should be congruent with the state. As a movement, nationalism tends to promote the interests of a particular nation (as in a group of people), Smith, Anthony. ''Nationalism: Th ...

forces launched encirclement campaigns against

Communist Communism (from Latin la, communis, lit=common, universal, label=none) is a far-left sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology and current within the socialist movement whose goal is the establishment of a communist society, ...

bases in several separate locations across China.

Encirclement campaigns by location

* Encirclement campaign against the Eastern Fujian Soviet * Encirclement campaign against the Hunan-Hubei-Jiangxi Soviet * Encirclement campaign against the Hunan-Hubei-Sichuan-Guizhou Soviet * Encirclement campaign against the Hunan-Jiangxi Soviet * Encirclement campaign against the Hunan-Western Hubei Soviet * Encirclement campaign against the Northeastern Jiangxi Soviet * Encirclement campaign against the Yunnan-Guizhou-Guangxi Soviet * Encirclement campaign against the Zuojiang Soviet

First encirclement campaigns

Second encirclement campaigns

Third encirclement campaigns

* Third encirclement campaign against the Honghu Soviet * Third encirclement campaign against the Hubei-Henan-Anhui Soviet * Third encirclement campaign against the Hubei-Henan-Shaanxi Soviet * Third encirclement campaign against the Jiangxi Soviet * Third encirclement campaign against the Shaanxi-Gansu Soviet * Third encirclement campaign against the Sichuan-Shaanxi Soviet * Third encirclement campaign against the Youjiang Soviet

Fourth encirclement campaigns

* Fourth encirclement campaign against the Hubei-Henan-Anhui Soviet * Fourth encirclement campaign against the Honghu Soviet = 2nd stage of the encirclement campaign against the Hunan-Western Hubei Soviet *

Fourth encirclement campaign against the Jiangxi Soviet The fourth encirclement campaign against the Jiangxi Soviet () was the fourth campaign launched by the Chinese Nationalist Government in hope to destroy the Red Army in Jiangxi. The Nationalist headquarters in the provincial border of Jiangx ...

Fifth encirclement campaigns

* Fifth encirclement campaign against the Hubei-Henan-Anhui Soviet * Fifth encirclement campaign against the Jiangxi Soviet

Consequences

The first four Encirclement campaigns of the Chinese Nationalists military were unsuccessful. However, with the rise of Adolf Hitler in Germany in 1933, and the subsequent close cooperation between Nazi Germany and the Republic of China, the nationalists succeeded in the final 5th campaign which led directly to the famous

Long March The Long March (, lit. ''Long Expedition'') was a military retreat undertaken by the Red Army of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), the forerunner of the People's Liberation Army, to evade the pursuit of the National Army of the Chinese ...

of the Communist Red Armies.

References

{{Authority control Campaigns of the Chinese Civil War 1930 in China 1931 in China 1932 in China 1933 in China 1934 in China