Emilio Salgari (, but often erroneously ; 21 August 1862 – 25 April 1911) was an Italian writer of

action adventure Action may refer to: * Action (narrative), a literary mode * Action fiction, a type of genre fiction * Action game, a genre of video game Film * Action film, a genre of film * ''Action'' (1921 film), a film by John Ford * ''Action'' (1980 fil ...

swashbuckler A swashbuckler is a genre of European adventure literature that focuses on a heroic protagonist stock character who is skilled in swordsmanship, acrobatics, guile and possesses chivalrous ideals. A "swashbuckler" protagonist is heroic, daring, ...

s and a pioneer of

science fiction Science fiction (sometimes shortened to Sci-Fi or SF) is a genre of speculative fiction which typically deals with imaginative and futuristic concepts such as advanced science and technology, space exploration, time travel, parallel uni ...

. In Italy, his extensive body of work was more widely read than that of

Dante Alighieri Dante Alighieri (; – 14 September 1321), probably baptized Durante di Alighiero degli Alighieri and often referred to as Dante (, ), was an Italian poet, writer and philosopher. His '' Divine Comedy'', originally called (modern Italian: ...

. Today he is still among the 40 most translated Italian authors. Many of his most popular novels have been adapted as comics, animated series and feature films. He is considered the father of Italian

adventure fiction Adventure fiction is a type of fiction that usually presents danger, or gives the reader a sense of excitement. Some adventure fiction also satisfies the literary definition of romance fiction. History In the Introduction to the ''Encycloped ...

and Italian

pop culture Pop or POP may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Music * Pop music, a musical genre Artists * POP, a Japanese idol group now known as Gang Parade * Pop!, a UK pop group * Pop! featuring Angie Hart, an Australian band Albums * ''Pop'' ...

, and the "grandfather" of the

Spaghetti Western The Spaghetti Western is a broad subgenre of Western films produced in Europe. It emerged in the mid-1960s in the wake of Sergio Leone's film-making style and international box-office success. The term was used by foreign critics because most o ...

.Giovanni Arpino, ''Emilio Salgari, il padre degli eroi,'' Mondadori 1991

Life

Emilio Salgari was born in

Verona Verona ( , ; vec, Verona or ) is a city on the Adige River in Veneto, Italy, with 258,031 inhabitants. It is one of the seven provincial capitals of the region. It is the largest city municipality in the region and the second largest in nor ...

to a family of modest merchants. From a young age, he had a desire to explore the seas and studied seamanship at a nautical technical institution in

Venice Venice ( ; it, Venezia ; vec, Venesia or ) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto Regions of Italy, region. It is built on a group of 118 small islands that are separated by canals and linked by over 400 ...

, but his academic performance was too poor, and he never graduated. He began his writing career as a reporter on the daily ''La Nuova Arena,'' which published some of his work as serials. As his powers of narration grew, so did his reputation for having lived a life of adventure. He claimed to have explored the

Sudan Sudan ( or ; ar, السودان, as-Sūdān, officially the Republic of the Sudan ( ar, جمهورية السودان, link=no, Jumhūriyyat as-Sūdān), is a country in Northeast Africa. It shares borders with the Central African Republic t ...

desert, met

Buffalo Bill William Frederick Cody (February 26, 1846January 10, 1917), known as "Buffalo Bill", was an American soldier, bison hunter, and showman. He was born in Le Claire, Iowa Territory (now the U.S. state of Iowa), but he lived for several years ...

in Nebraska (he had actually met him during his "Wild West Show" tour of Italy), and sailed the

Seven Seas The "Seven Seas" is a figurative term for all the seas of the known world. The phrase is used in reference to sailors and pirates in the arts and popular culture and can be associated with the Mediterranean Sea, the Arabian Seven Seas east of Af ...

. His early biographies were filled with adventurous tales set in the

Far East The ''Far East'' was a European term to refer to the geographical regions that includes East and Southeast Asia as well as the Russian Far East to a lesser extent. South Asia is sometimes also included for economic and cultural reasons. The t ...

, events which he claimed were the basis for much of his work. Salgari had actually never ventured farther than the

Adriatic Sea The Adriatic Sea () is a body of water separating the Italian Peninsula from the Balkan Peninsula. The Adriatic is the northernmost arm of the Mediterranean Sea, extending from the Strait of Otranto (where it connects to the Ionian Sea) to th ...

. He turned his passion for exploration and discovery to writing. His first stories were serialized in newspapers. Early in his career, he began signing his tales as "Captain Salgari", a title he once defended in a duel when his claim to it was questioned. Though knighted by the Queen of Italy and wildly popular, Salgari did not earn much money from his books and lived hand to mouth for most of his life. Salgari married Ida Peruzzi – nicknamed "

Aida ''Aida'' (or ''Aïda'', ) is an opera in four acts by Giuseppe Verdi to an Italian libretto by Antonio Ghislanzoni. Set in the Old Kingdom of Egypt, it was commissioned by Cairo's Khedivial Opera House and had its première there on 24 Decemb ...

," with whom he was very happy for years. The couple had four children. Salgari's private life was clouded by several tragedies. In 1889 his father committed

suicide Suicide is the act of intentionally causing one's own death. Mental disorders (including depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, personality disorders, anxiety disorders), physical disorders (such as chronic fatigue syndrome), and ...

. Ida became ill after 1903 and Salgari's struggling increased with her medical bills. These events led Salgari to depression, and he attempted suicide in 1910. After Ida was committed to a mental ward in 1911, Salgari was overwhelmed and took his own life soon afterwards, imitating the Japanese ritual of ''

seppuku , sometimes referred to as hara-kiri (, , a native Japanese kun reading), is a form of Japanese ritual suicide by disembowelment. It was originally reserved for samurai in their code of honour but was also practised by other Japanese people ...

'', and died on 25 April 1911. He left three letters, addressed to his and Ida's children, his publisher, and the editors of his newspaper in

Turin Turin ( , Piedmontese language, Piedmontese: ; it, Torino ) is a city and an important business and cultural centre in Northern Italy. It is the capital city of Piedmont and of the Metropolitan City of Turin, and was the first Italian capital ...

. The letter to his publisher said: One of the sons of Emilio and Aida also committed suicide in 1933.

Writing career

Salgari wrote more than 200 adventure stories and novels, setting his tales in exotic locations, with heroes from a wide variety of cultures. He gained inspiration from reading foreign literature and newspapers, travel magazines and encyclopedias, which he used to portray his heroes' worlds. He wrote four major series: ''The Pirates of Malaysia''; ''The Black Corsair Saga''; ''The Pirates of Bermuda''; and a collection of adventures set in the Old West. Salgari's heroes were mostly pirates, outlaws and barbarians, fighting against greed, abuse of power, and corruption. His most legendary heroes

Sandokan Sandokan is a fictional late 19th-century pirate created by Italian author Emilio Salgari. His adventures first appeared in publication in 1883. Sandokan is the protagonist of 11 adventure novels. Sandokan is known throughout the South China ...

, The Tiger of Malaysia, a Bornean prince turned pirate, and his loyal lieutenant Yanez of Gomera, led their men in attacks against the

Dutch Dutch commonly refers to: * Something of, from, or related to the Netherlands * Dutch people () * Dutch language () Dutch may also refer to: Places * Dutch, West Virginia, a community in the United States * Pennsylvania Dutch Country People E ...

and British fleets. They declared war on

James Brooke Sir James Brooke, Rajah of Sarawak (29 April 1803 – 11 June 1868), was a British soldier and adventurer who founded the Raj of Sarawak in Borneo. He ruled as the first White Rajah of Sarawak from 1841 until his death in 1868. Brooke was b ...

, the White Rajah of Sarawak, and tried to force him from his throne. The Black Corsair and Captain Morgan maintained a

chivalric Chivalry, or the chivalric code, is an informal and varying code of conduct developed in Europe between 1170 and 1220. It was associated with the medieval Christian institution of knighthood; knights' and gentlemen's behaviours were governed ...

code in the Caribbean, while Salgari's pirates of Bermuda fought for

American independence The American Revolution was an ideological and political revolution that occurred in British America between 1765 and 1791. The Americans in the Thirteen Colonies formed independent states that defeated the British in the American Revoluti ...

. His tales had been so popular that soon his publisher hired other writers to develop adventure stories under his name. They added 50 novels to his “canon”. Salgari's style was imitated by many, but no other Italian adventure writer managed to duplicate his popular success.

Legacy

Salgari's work was imitated in one form or another by many who came after him. A large part of the Italian adventure literature is a continuation of Salgari's work. Many late 19th century writers such as Luigi Motta and Emilio Fancelli wrote further ''Sandokan'' adventures imitating Salgari's style: fast-paced, filled with great battles, blood, violence and punctuated with humour. The style soon spread to movies and television. One example is the work of the director

Sergio Leone Sergio Leone (; 3 January 1929 – 30 April 1989) was an Italian film director, producer and screenwriter credited as the pioneer of the Spaghetti Western genre and widely regarded as one of the most influential directors in the history of cin ...

, whose outlaw heroes in his

s were inspired by Salgari's piratical adventurers. More than 50 film adaptations have been made of Salgari's novels, and many more were inspired by his work (corsair stories, jungle adventure stories, and swashbuckling B movies, such as ''

Morgan, the Pirate ''Morgan, the Pirate'' ( it, Morgan il pirata) is a 1960 Italian-French international co-production historical adventure film, directed by André de Toth and Primo Zeglio, and starring Steve Reeves as Sir Henry Morgan, the pirate who became the s ...

'', starring

Steve Reeves Stephen Lester "Steve" Reeves (January 21, 1926 – May 1, 2000) was an American professional bodybuilder, actor, and philanthropist. He was famous in the mid-1950s as a movie star in Italian-made sword-and-sandal films, playing the protagonis ...

Federico Fellini Federico Fellini (; 20 January 1920 – 31 October 1993) was an Italian film director and screenwriter known for his distinctive style, which blends fantasy and baroque images with earthiness. He is recognized as one of the greatest and most ...

loved Salgari's books.

Pietro Mascagni Pietro Mascagni (7 December 1863 – 2 August 1945) was an Italian composer primarily known for his operas. His 1890 masterpiece '' Cavalleria rusticana'' caused one of the greatest sensations in opera history and single-handedly ushered in the ...

had over 50 Salgari titles in his library.

Umberto Eco Umberto Eco (5 January 1932 – 19 February 2016) was an Italian medievalist, philosopher, semiotician, novelist, cultural critic, and political and social commentator. In English, he is best known for his popular 1980 novel ''The Name of th ...

read Salgari's works as a child. His work was very popular in Portugal, Spain and Spanish-speaking countries, where Latin American writers such as Gabriel Garcia Marquez,

Isabel Allende Isabel Angélica Allende Llona (; born in Lima, 2 August 1942) is a Chilean writer. Allende, whose works sometimes contain aspects of the genre magical realism, is known for novels such as ''The House of the Spirits'' (''La casa de los espír ...

, Carlos Fuentes,

Jorge Luis Borges Jorge Francisco Isidoro Luis Borges Acevedo (; ; 24 August 1899 – 14 June 1986) was an Argentine short-story writer, essayist, poet and translator, as well as a key figure in Spanish-language and international literature. His best-known b ...

and

Pablo Neruda Ricardo Eliécer Neftalí Reyes Basoalto (12 July 1904 – 23 September 1973), better known by his pen name and, later, legal name Pablo Neruda (; ), was a Chilean poet-diplomat and politician who won the 1971 Nobel Prize in Literature. Nerud ...

, all attested to reading him when young.

Che Guevara Ernesto Che Guevara (; 14 June 1928The date of birth recorded on /upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/Ernesto_Guevara_Acta_de_Nacimiento.jpg his birth certificatewas 14 June 1928, although one tertiary source, (Julia Constenla, quoted ...

read 62 of his books, according to his biographer

Paco Ignacio Taibo II Paco Ignacio Taibo II (born Francisco Ignacio Taibo Mahojo; on January 11, 1949), also known as Paco Taibo II or informally as PIT is a Spanish-Mexican writer, novelist and political activist based in Mexico City. He is most widely known as the ...

, who remarked that the revolutionary's

anti-imperialism Anti-imperialism in political science and international relations is a term used in a variety of contexts, usually by nationalist movements who want to secede from a larger polity (usually in the form of an empire, but also in a multi-ethnic ...

could be seen to be "Salgarian in origin". Though popular with the masses, Salgari was shunned by critics throughout his life and for most of the 20th century. It was not until the late 1990s that his writings began to be revisited, and new translations appeared in print. They have been newly appreciated for their characterization and plots. In 2001 the first National Salgari Association was founded in Italy to celebrate his work.

Films

Historians debate the first film adaptation of a Salgari novel. ''

Cabiria ''Cabiria'' is a 1914 Italian epic silent film, directed by Giovanni Pastrone and shot in Turin. The film is set in ancient Sicily, Carthage, and Cirta during the period of the Second Punic War (218–202 BC). It follows a melodramatic ma ...

'', directed by Giovanni Pastrone bears many similarities to Emilio Salgari's 1908 adventure novel ''Cartagine in Fiamme'' (Carthage is Burning). Salgari was never credited, and Gabriele D'Annunzio was billed as the official screenwriter. D'Annunzio had been brought on board to help revise the film once it had been shot, earning the credit by changing the title to ''Cabiria,'' changing the name of some of the characters, and rewriting the captions from what Pastrone had done. The three-hour epic movie with its cast of thousands created a sensation throughout Italy. It pioneered epic screen production and foreshadowed the work of D.W. Griffith,

Sergei Eisenstein Sergei Mikhailovich Eisenstein (russian: Сергей Михайлович Эйзенштейн, p=sʲɪrˈɡʲej mʲɪˈxajləvʲɪtɕ ɪjzʲɪnˈʂtʲejn, 2=Sergey Mikhaylovich Eyzenshteyn; 11 February 1948) was a Soviet film director, scree ...

and others. Vitale De Stefano brought Salgari's pirates to the big screen in the early 1920s with a series of five films shot over two years, including ''Il corsaro nero''

The Black Corsair ''The Black Corsair'' is an 1898 adventure novel written by Italian novelist Emilio Salgari. Set in the Caribbean during the Golden Age of Piracy, the novel narrates the exploits of Emilio Roccanera, Lord of Ventimiglia and his attempts to ave ...

and ''La Regina dei caraibi'' (The Queen of the Caribbean).

Lex Barker Alexander Crichlow Barker Jr. (May 8, 1919 – May 11, 1973), known as Lex Barker, was an American actor. He was known for playing Tarzan for RKO Pictures between 1949 and 1953, and portraying leading characters from Karl May's novels, notably a ...

appeared as the tiger hunter Tremal-Naik in the 1955 B-movie ''The Mystery of The Black Jungle''. Sandokan was played by Hercules star

in '' Sandokan the Great'' and ''The

Pirates of Malaysia ''The Pirates of Malaysia'' is a 1964 swashbuckler directed by Umberto Lenzi and starring Steve Reeves as Sandokan the pirate. This film was a sequel to Reeve's 1963 film '' Sandokan the Great'', also directed by Lenzi. Malaysian rebel, Sandokan, w ...

aka The Pirates of The Seven Seas''.

Ray Danton Ray Danton (born Raymond Caplan; September 19, 1931 – February 11, 1992) was a radio, film, stage, and television actor, director, and producer whose most famous roles were in the screen biographies '' The Rise and Fall of Legs Diamond'' (196 ...

played the pirate in Luigi Capuano's ''Sandokan Against the Leopard of Sarawak'' (aka ''Throne of Vengeance''.) and later reprised the role in ''Sandokan Fights Back'' (aka ''The Conqueror and the Empress''). The 1944 Mexican film '' El corsario negro'' is based on his novel ''

''. The 1965 adventure film ''La montagna di luce'' (''The Mountain of Light'') was loosely based on Salgari's 1902 novel of the same title, which referred to the name of the

Koh-i-Noor The Koh-i-Noor ( ; from ), also spelled Kohinoor and Koh-i-Nur, is one of the largest cut diamonds in the world, weighing . It is part of the Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom. The diamond is currently set in the Crown of Queen Elizabeth The ...

diamond. The film was released in English under several titles, the most commonly known of which was ''

Jungle Adventurer ''Jungle Adventurer'' ( it, La montagna di luce, lit=The Mountain of Light) is an Italian adventure film. It starred Richard Harrison. The film is loosely based on Emilio Salgari's 1902 adventure novel ''La montagna di luce'' (''The Mountain o ...

''. One of the alternate titles used for a later re-release was ''Sandok'', an attempt to capitalize on the popularity of Salgari's fictional pirate

, even though neither the novel, nor the film had anything to do with Sandokan's character or the settings of his adventures (the plot revolved around a fictitious attempt to steal the Koh-i-Noor, and took place in 19th-century

India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area, the List of countries and dependencies by population, second-most populous ...

). In 1976, the landmark ''Sandokan'' TV miniseries played throughout Europe. It starred

Kabir Bedi Kabir Bedi ( pa, ਕਬੀਰ ਸਿੰਘ ਬੇਦੀ; born 16 January 1946) is an Indian actor. His career has spanned three continents covering India, the United States and especially Italy among other European countries in three media: fi ...

in the title role and attracted more than 80 million viewers a week. Bedi has been considered the quintessential

ever since. He later reprised the role in the late 1990s in a series of sequels.

Publishers

Salgari's works have been published by numerous publishing houses worldwide. These include: Donath, Viglongo, Carroccio,

RCS MediaGroup RCS MediaGroup S.p.A. (formerly Rizzoli-Corriere della Sera), based in Milan and listed on the Italian Stock Exchange, is an international multimedia publishing group that operates in daily newspapers, magazines and books, radio broadcasting, n ...

, and

Mondadori Arnoldo Mondadori Editore () is the biggest publishing company in Italy. History The company was founded in 1907 in Ostiglia by 18-year-old Arnoldo Mondadori who began his publishing career with the publication of the magazine ''Luce!''. In 1 ...

in Italian; Saturnino Calleja, Editorial Porrúa (Colección Sepan Cuantos) and Ediciones Gaviota in Spanish; Editora Illuminuras in Portuguese; Bouquins in French; ABLIT Verlag in German; and ROH Press in English
ROH Press
has been republishing the novels in Italian, with their translations into English and Spanish, although these translations are not faithful to the original.

Work available in English

Cover of ''Il corsaro nero'', third edition 1904, illustration by Alberto Della Valle Though Salgari's novels have been popular in Europe and Latin America for over a century, at present only nine titles are available in English, translated by Nico Lorenzutti, who's not a translator. Some parts of the translations are not faithful to the original text, as he has made changes to the text without reason.

The Tigers of Malaysia series

* ''

The Mystery of the Black Jungle ''The Mystery of the Black Jungle'' ( it, I misteri della jungla nera) is an exotic adventure novel written by Italian author Emilio Salgari, published in 1895. It features two of his most well-known characters, the hunter Tremal-Naik and his loy ...

'' * '' Sandokan: The Tigers of Mompracem'' * '' Sandokan: The Pirates of Malaysia'' * '' Sandokan: The Two Tigers'' * '' Sandokan: The King of the Sea'' * '' Sandokan: Quest for a Throne''

The Black Corsair series

* ''

'' * ''

The Queen of the Caribbean ''The Queen of the Caribbean'' is a 1901 adventure novel written by Italian novelist Emilio Salgari. Set in the Caribbean during the Golden Age of Piracy, the novel follows the exploits of Emilio Roccanera, Lord of Ventimiglia as he continues his ...

Captain Tempesta

* ''

Captain Tempesta ''Captain Tempesta'' (original title: ''Capitan Tempesta'') is a historical adventure novel written by Italian author Emilio Salgari, published in 1905. Set against the backdrop of the Siege of Famagusta during the Ottoman–Venetian War (1570 ...

Bibliography

The Sandokan series

* ''

'' (''I Misteri della Jungla Nera'', 1895) * ''

The Tigers of Mompracem ''The Tigers of Mompracem'' (original title: ''Le Tigri di Mompracem'') is an exotic adventure novel written by Italian author Emilio Salgari, published in 1900. It features his most famous character, Sandokan. It was adapted into a 1970 film '' ...

''(''Le tigri di Mompracem'', 1900) * ''

The Pirates of Malaysia ''The Pirates of Malaysia'' ( it, I pirati della Malesia) is an exotic adventure novel written by Italian author Emilio Salgari, published in 1896. It features his most famous character, Sandokan, and is a sequel to ''The Tigers of Mompracem''. Sy ...

'' (''I pirati della Malesia'', 1896) * ''

The Two Tigers ''The Two Tigers'' (original title: ''Le due tigri'') is the fourth adventure novel in the Sandokan series written by Italian author Emilio Salgari, published in 1904. Plot summary India, 1857. Just when Tremal-Naik's life was getting back to no ...

'' (''Le due Tigri'', 1904) * ''

The King of the Sea ''The King of the Sea'' (original title: ''Il re del mare'') is an exotic adventure novel written by Italian author Emilio Salgari, published in 1906. It features his most famous character, Sandokan. Plot introduction Malaysia, 1868. A mysteriou ...

'' (''Il re del mare'', 1906) * ''

Quest for a Throne ''Quest for a Throne'' (original title: ''Alla conquista di un impero'') is an exotic adventure novel written by Italian author Emilio Salgari, published in 1907. It features his most famous character, Sandokan. Plot introduction Sandokan and Ya ...

''(''Alla conquista di un impero'', 1907) * ''

Sandokan to the Rescue ''Sandokan to the Rescue'' (Italian: ''Sandokan alla riscossa'') is a 1907 adventure novel by the Italian writer Emilio Salgari. It is the seventh in his series featuring the nineteenth century Malayan pirate Sandokan. It is also known by the alt ...

'' (''Sandokan alla riscossa'', 1907) * ''Return to Mompracem ''(''La riconquista di Mompracem'', 1908) * ''The Brahman ''(''Il Bramino dell’Assam'', 1911) * ''An Empire Crumbles ''(''La caduta di un impero'', 1911) * ''Yanez’ Revenge ''(''La rivincita di Yanez'', 1913) The last three tiles were published posthumously.

The Black Corsair series

* ''

'' (''Il Corsaro Nero'', 1898) * ''

''(''La regina dei Caraibi'', 1901) * ''

Yolanda, the Black Corsair's Daughter ''Yolanda, the Black Corsair's Daughter'' is a 1905 adventure novel written by Italian novelist Emilio Salgari. It is the third installment of The Black Corsair series, preceded by The Queen of the Caribbean and followed by Son of the Red Corsa ...

'' (''Jolanda, la figlia del Corsaro Nero'', 1905) * '' The Son of the Red Corsair'' (''Il figlio del Corsaro Rosso'', 1908) * '' The Last Pirates'' (''Gli ultimi filibustieri'', 1908)

The Pirates of Bermuda series

* ''I corsari delle Bermude'' (1909) * ''La crociera della Tuonante'' (1910) * ''Straordinarie avventure di Testa di Pietra'' (1915)

Adventures in the Old West series

* ''Sulle frontiere del Far-West'' (1908) * ''La scotennatrice'' (1909) * ''Le selve ardenti'' (1910)

Other series

Two sailors

* ''Il Tesoro del Presidente del Paraguay'' (1894) * ''Il Continente Misterioso'' (1894)

Il Fiore delle Perle

* ''Le stragi delle Filippine'' (1897) * ''Il Fiore delle Perle'' (1901)

I figli dell'aria

* ''I Figli dell'Aria'' (1904) * ''Il Re dell'Aria'' (1907)

Captain Tempesta

* ''

'' (''Capitan Tempesta'', 1905) * ''The Lion of Damascus'' (''Il Leone di Damasco'', 1910)

Short stories

* ''I racconti della Bibliotechina aurea illustrata'' (1900–1906) * ''Le novelle marinaresche di Mastro Catrame'' (1894) * ''Le grandi pesche nei mari australi'' (1904)

Adventure anthology

Excerpts from 15 of Salgari's titles were collected in ''Storie Rosse'' in 1910. Each excerpt is introduced by a brief synopsis of the novel it was drawn from.

Other adventures

Adventures set in India and Asia

* ''I naufragatori dell'Oregon'' (1896) * ''La rosa del Dong-Giang'' (1897; also known as: ''Tay-See'') * ''Il capitano della Djumna'' (1897) * ''Sul mare delle perle'' (1903) * ''La città del re lebbroso'' (1904) * ''La gemma del fiume rosso'' (1904) * ''La Perla Sanguinosa'' (1905)

Adventures set in Africa

* ''I drammi della schiavitù'' (1896) * ''La Costa d'Avorio'' (1898) * ''Le caverne dei diamanti'' (1899) * ''Le avventure di un marinaio in Africa'' (1899) * ''La giraffa bianca'' (1902) * ''La montagna d'oro'' (1901; also known as: ''Il treno volante'')

Adventures set in the desert and the Middle East

* ''Il re della montagna'' (1895) * ''I predoni del Sahara'' (1903) * ''I briganti del Riff'' (1911) * ''I predoni del gran deserto'' (1911)

Tales of lost cities and great treasures

* ''La scimitarra di Budda'' (1892) * ''La città dell'oro'' (1898) * ''Duemila leghe sotto l'America'' (1888) (also known as ''Il tesoro misterioso'') * ''La montagna di luce'' (1902) * ''Il tesoro della montagna azzurra'' (1907)

Adventures set in Russia

* ''Gli orrori della Siberia'' (1900) * ''L'eroina di Port Arthur'' (1904, also known as ''La Naufragatrice'') * ''Le aquile della steppa'' (1907)

Adventures set in the Old West

* ''Il re della Prateria'' (1896) * ''Il figlio del cacciatore d'orsi'' (1899) * ''Avventure fra le pellirosse'' (1900) * ''La sovrana del campo d'oro'' (1905)

Adventures set in the lands of ice and snow

* ''Nel paese dei ghiacci'' (1896) * ''Al Polo Australe in velocipede'' (1895) * ''Al Polo Nord'' (1898) * ''La Stella Polare e il suo viaggio avventuroso'' (1901; also known as: ''Verso l'Artide con la Stella Polare'') * ''La Stella dell'Araucania'' (1906) * ''Una sfida al Polo'' (1909)

Historical Adventures

* ''Le pantere di Algeri'' (1903) * ''Le figlie dei Faraoni'' (1905) * ''Cartagine in fiamme'' (1908)

Survival stories

* ''I pescatori di balene'' (1894) * ''I Robinson italiani'' (1896) * ''Attraverso l'Atlantico in pallone'' (1896) * ''I minatori dell'Alaska'' (1900) * ''L'uomo di fuoco'' (1904)

Adventures on the High Seas

* ''Un dramma nell'Oceano Pacifico'' (1895) * ''I naufraghi del Poplador'' (1895) * ''I pescatori di Trepang'' (1896) * ''Gli scorridori del mare'' (1900) * ''I solitari dell'Oceano'' (1904) * ''Sull'Atlante'' (1907)

Adventures set during times of war and revolution

* ''La favorita del Mahdi'' (1887) * ''La capitana del Yucatan'' (1899) * ''Le stragi della China'' (1901; also known as: ''Il sotterraneo della morte'')

Adventures set in Italy

* ''I naviganti della Meloria'' (1902)

Adventures involving time travel

* ''Le meraviglie del Duemila'' (1907)

Autobiographical

* ''La Bohème italiana'' (1909)

References

* O. Nalesini, ''L'Asia Sud-orientale nella cultura italiana. Bibliografia analitica ragionata, 1475–2005''. Roma, IsIAO, 2009, pp. 350–362
"Emilio Salgari"
ROH Press, in English. Also includes images from movies and animated series based on his novels.

ROH Press, in English.

Carla Passino, "Book of the Week: Sandokan, the Tigers of Mompracem"
''Italy Magazine'', December 2009

External links

* *
"Italy’s enduring love affair with Emilio Salgari"
The Economist, June 2017 * * *
The Tiger of Malaysia, Barga News
* *
Angela Valenti Durazzo "Il Corsaro Nero Signore di Ventimiglia"
{{DEFAULTSORT:Salgari, Emilio 1862 births 1911 suicides Writers from Verona Italian historical novelists Nautical historical novelists Writers of historical fiction set in the early modern period Suicides by sharp instrument in Italy Italian fantasy writers Italian science fiction writers Maritime writers Italian children's writers Italian journalists Italian male journalists Italian male short story writers Italian male novelists 1911 deaths